Background:The paper examines the state and prospects of using 3D modeling in solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study is...Background:The paper examines the state and prospects of using 3D modeling in solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study is to analyze the world expert practice of using scientific and technical means of three-dimensional modeling in solving problems of forensic examination,using the example of our country,the leading countries of Europe,as well as the United States.Materials and Methods:The empirical basis of the study is the results of the systematization of scientific and technical means for 3D modeling in solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational problems of forensic examinations used in the expert practice of Ukraine,the United Kingdom,France,Germany,and the USA.Results:The systematization of modem scientific and technical means for 3D modeling,used in solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination,has been carried out.We analyzed and identified 3D modeling software that most fully meets the requirements of effective forensic expert activities.The features of the use of effective 3D modeling mean for solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination,namely the software systems"ToolScan"and"TrasoScan",and the SketchUp program have been disclosed.Conclusion:The introduction of the SketchUp 8 software into forensic expert activities will increase the effectiveness of the modeling method in forensic examinations,which,in turn,will have an impact on the effectiveness of expert conclusions,increase their evidentiary value and,as a result,contribute to the entire process of a criminal investigation.展开更多
Purpose:The toughest challenge in pedestrian traffic accident identification lies in ascertaining injurymanners.This study aimed to systematically simulate and parameterize 3 types of craniocerebral injuryincluding im...Purpose:The toughest challenge in pedestrian traffic accident identification lies in ascertaining injurymanners.This study aimed to systematically simulate and parameterize 3 types of craniocerebral injuryincluding impact injury,fall injury,and run-over injury,to compare the injury response outcomes ofdifferent injury manners.Methods:Based on the total human model for safety(THUMS)and its enhanced human model THUMShollow structures,a total of 84 simulations with 3 injury manners,different loading directions,andloading velocities were conducted.Von Mises stress,intracranial pressure,maximum principal strain,cumulative strain damage measure,shear stress,and cranial strain were employed to analyze the injuryresponse of all areas of the brain.To examine the association between injury conditions and injuryconsequences,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,linear regression,and stepwise linearregression were utilized.Results:There is a significant correlation observed between each criterion of skull and brain injury(p<0.01 in all Pearson correlation analysis results).A 2-phase increase of cranio-cerebral stress andstrain as impact speed increases.In high-speed impact(>40 km/h),the Von Mises stress on the skull waswith a high possibility exceed the threshold for skull fracture(100 MPa).When falling and makingtemporal and occipital contact with the ground,the opposite side of the impacted area experienceshigher frequency stress concentration than contact at other conditions.Run-over injuries tend to have amore comprehensive craniocerebral injury,with greater overall deformation due to more adequate kinetic energy conduction.The mean value of maximum principal strain of brain and Von Mises stress ofcranium at run-over condition are 1.39 and 403.8 MPa,while they were 1.31,94.11 MPa and 0.64,120.5 MPa for the impact and fall conditions,respectively.The impact velocity also plays a significant rolein craniocerebral injury in impact and fall loading conditions(the p of all F-test<0.05).A regressionequation of the craniocerebral injury manners in pedestrian accidents was established.Conclusion:The study distinguished the craniocerebral injuries caused in different manners,elucidatedthe biomechanical mechanisms of craniocerebral injury,and provided a biomechanical foundation forthe identification of craniocerebral injury in legal contexts.展开更多
文摘Background:The paper examines the state and prospects of using 3D modeling in solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study is to analyze the world expert practice of using scientific and technical means of three-dimensional modeling in solving problems of forensic examination,using the example of our country,the leading countries of Europe,as well as the United States.Materials and Methods:The empirical basis of the study is the results of the systematization of scientific and technical means for 3D modeling in solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational problems of forensic examinations used in the expert practice of Ukraine,the United Kingdom,France,Germany,and the USA.Results:The systematization of modem scientific and technical means for 3D modeling,used in solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination,has been carried out.We analyzed and identified 3D modeling software that most fully meets the requirements of effective forensic expert activities.The features of the use of effective 3D modeling mean for solving identification,classification,diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination,namely the software systems"ToolScan"and"TrasoScan",and the SketchUp program have been disclosed.Conclusion:The introduction of the SketchUp 8 software into forensic expert activities will increase the effectiveness of the modeling method in forensic examinations,which,in turn,will have an impact on the effectiveness of expert conclusions,increase their evidentiary value and,as a result,contribute to the entire process of a criminal investigation.
基金The study was funded by grants from the National Key Researchand Development Plan(2022YFC3302002)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(82171872)+5 种基金Shanghai Yangfan SpecialProgramme(23YF1448700)Natural Science Foundation ofShanghai(21ZR1464600)the 2023 Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology,Ministry of Public Security,P.R.China(GAFYBL202308)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(21DZ2270800)Shanghai Forensic Service Platform(19DZ2290900)Central Research Institute Public Project(GY2023Z-3).
文摘Purpose:The toughest challenge in pedestrian traffic accident identification lies in ascertaining injurymanners.This study aimed to systematically simulate and parameterize 3 types of craniocerebral injuryincluding impact injury,fall injury,and run-over injury,to compare the injury response outcomes ofdifferent injury manners.Methods:Based on the total human model for safety(THUMS)and its enhanced human model THUMShollow structures,a total of 84 simulations with 3 injury manners,different loading directions,andloading velocities were conducted.Von Mises stress,intracranial pressure,maximum principal strain,cumulative strain damage measure,shear stress,and cranial strain were employed to analyze the injuryresponse of all areas of the brain.To examine the association between injury conditions and injuryconsequences,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,linear regression,and stepwise linearregression were utilized.Results:There is a significant correlation observed between each criterion of skull and brain injury(p<0.01 in all Pearson correlation analysis results).A 2-phase increase of cranio-cerebral stress andstrain as impact speed increases.In high-speed impact(>40 km/h),the Von Mises stress on the skull waswith a high possibility exceed the threshold for skull fracture(100 MPa).When falling and makingtemporal and occipital contact with the ground,the opposite side of the impacted area experienceshigher frequency stress concentration than contact at other conditions.Run-over injuries tend to have amore comprehensive craniocerebral injury,with greater overall deformation due to more adequate kinetic energy conduction.The mean value of maximum principal strain of brain and Von Mises stress ofcranium at run-over condition are 1.39 and 403.8 MPa,while they were 1.31,94.11 MPa and 0.64,120.5 MPa for the impact and fall conditions,respectively.The impact velocity also plays a significant rolein craniocerebral injury in impact and fall loading conditions(the p of all F-test<0.05).A regressionequation of the craniocerebral injury manners in pedestrian accidents was established.Conclusion:The study distinguished the craniocerebral injuries caused in different manners,elucidatedthe biomechanical mechanisms of craniocerebral injury,and provided a biomechanical foundation forthe identification of craniocerebral injury in legal contexts.
