Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage...Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage resistance to powdery mildew over consecutive years.Genetic analysis of H1-707 at the seedling stage revealed a dominant monogenic inheritance pattern,and the underlying gene was designated Pm71.By employing bulked segregant exome sequencing(BSE-Seq)and using 2000 F2:3 families,Pm71 was fine mapped to a 336-kb interval on chromosome arm 6AS by referencing to the durum cv.Svevo RefSeq 1.0.Collinearity analysis revealed high homology in the candidate interval between Svevo and six Triticum species.Among six high-confidence genes annotated within this interval,TRITD6Av1G005050 encoding a GDSL esterase/lipase was identified as a key candidate for Pm71.展开更多
Large grain is a favorable trait for appearance quality and a large sink potential in wheat breeding.The stable QTL QGl.caas-5BS for grain length was previously identified in a recombinant inbred line population from ...Large grain is a favorable trait for appearance quality and a large sink potential in wheat breeding.The stable QTL QGl.caas-5BS for grain length was previously identified in a recombinant inbred line population from the cross of Zhongmai 871(ZM871)and its sister line Zhongmai 895(ZM895).Here,a BC_(1)F_6 residual heterozygous line was selected from the cross of a ZM871/ZM895//ZM871 population,and six heterozygous recombinant plants were identified in the BC_(1)F_(7)population from self-pollination of the heterozygous line.QGl.caas-5BS was delimited into an interval of approximately 2.2 Mb flanked by markers Kasp_5B33 and Kasp_5B2(25.3-27.5 Mb)by phenotyping and genotyping the secondary mapping populations derived from these heterozygous recombinant plants.Five genes were predicted as candidates of QGl.caas-5BS based on sequence polymorphism and differential expression analyses.Further mutation analysis showed that TraesCS5B02G026800 is likely the causal gene of QGl.caas-5BS.The gene-specific marker Kasp_5B_Gl for TraesCS5B02G026800 was developed,and a significant genetic effect of QGl.caas-5BS on grain length was identified in a validation population of 166 cultivars using this marker.These findings lay a good foundation for map-based cloning of QGl.caas-5BS and provide a breeding-applicable marker for the improvement of grain length in wheat.展开更多
Since its introduction in 2014,the LiDAR odometry and mapping(LOAM)algorithm has become a cornerstone in the fields of autonomous driving and intelligent robotics.LOAM provides robust support for autonomous navigation...Since its introduction in 2014,the LiDAR odometry and mapping(LOAM)algorithm has become a cornerstone in the fields of autonomous driving and intelligent robotics.LOAM provides robust support for autonomous navigation in complex dynamic environments through precise localization and environmental mapping.This paper offers a comprehensive review of the innovations and optimizations made to the LOAM algorithm,covering advancements in multi-sensor fusion technology,frontend processing optimization,backend optimization,and loop closure detection.These improvements have significantly enhanced LOAM's performance in various scenarios,including urban,agricultural,and underground environments.However,challenges remain in areas such as data synchronization,real-time processing,computational complexity,and environmental adaptability.Looking ahead,future developments are expected to focus on creating more efficient multi-sensor fusion algorithms,expanding application domains,and building more robust systems,thereby driving continued progress in autonomous driving,intelligent robotics,and autonomous unmanned systems.展开更多
By comparing the entropy and the conditional entropy in a marker, an entropy-based index has been presented for fine-scale linkage disequilibrium gene mapping using high-density marker maps for human disease genes. Th...By comparing the entropy and the conditional entropy in a marker, an entropy-based index has been presented for fine-scale linkage disequilibrium gene mapping using high-density marker maps for human disease genes. The index can quantify the level of linkage disequilibrium （LD） between the marker and the disease susceptibility locus （DSL） of genes. The advantage of using the index is attributed to the fact that it does not depend on marker allele frequencies across loci. Moreover, it is parallel to Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium （HWD） measure for DSL fine mapping. Through various simulations, the fine mapping perform- ances of the proposed entropy-based index was extensively investigated under various genetic parameters. The results show that the index presented is both robust and powerful for DSL mapping in genes.展开更多
The ast ( anthocyanin spotted testa) mutant, which was induced by carbon ion radiation, was a single recessive gene mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with spotted pigment in seed coats, and involved in the an...The ast ( anthocyanin spotted testa) mutant, which was induced by carbon ion radiation, was a single recessive gene mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with spotted pigment in seed coats, and involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. To clone the AST gene by map-based cloning strategy, a series of molecular markers were designed according to the SNPs (single nucleotide polymophisms) and insertion/deletion polymophisms in the Arabidopsis database. With these molecular markers, the fine-structure mapping of the AST gene was finished, the AST locus was located in BAC clone T13M11. It was suggested that the AST candidate gene was T13M11. 8 in the T13M11 This gene was 1432 bp long with 6 exons and 5 introns. The putative protein of T13M11. 8 gene was similar to dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which was an important enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.展开更多
By comparing the entropy and conditional entropy in a marker, an entropy-based index for fine-scale linkage-disequilibrium gene mapping is presented using high-density marker maps in extreme samples for quantitative t...By comparing the entropy and conditional entropy in a marker, an entropy-based index for fine-scale linkage-disequilibrium gene mapping is presented using high-density marker maps in extreme samples for quantitative trait. The entropy-based index is the function of LD between the marker and the traitlocus and does not depend on marker allele frequencies across the loci. It is parallel to Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium （HWD） measure for QTL fine mapping, but its power of fine mapping QTL is higher than that of HWD measure. Through simulations, the fine mapping performance of this entropy-based index is investigated extensively under various genetic parameters. The results show that the indices presented here are both robust and powerful.展开更多
To clone the DL-6 gene, positive and negative cross combinations were developed between dl-6 and 9311; based on the genetic analysis, it was found that drooping leaf was controlled by one recessive nuclear gene DL-6, ...To clone the DL-6 gene, positive and negative cross combinations were developed between dl-6 and 9311; based on the genetic analysis, it was found that drooping leaf was controlled by one recessive nuclear gene DL-6, DL-6 was pri- marily mapped on the short arm of chromosome 3 with SSR markers, finally the DL-6 gene was fine mapped in the 85 kb section between markers 13-5 and 13-8 using newly developed InDel marker; the open reading frames （ORFs） in the sec- tion were analyzed and found that YABBY gene coded by ORF9 might be a droop- ing leaf-related gene. YABBY genes in mutant dl-6 and in wild type were se- quenced, and the sequencing results were compared with Nipponbare sequence, and showed that 1 bp mutation was found in first exon of YABBY gene in the mu- tant dl-6, which caused the coded cysteine of the wild type become the arginine of the mutant; at the same time, 8 bp deletion was also found at 3＇ end of ORF9 gene. These two mutations which one was the functional mutation of dl-6 has been still uncertain and needed further research.展开更多
By using Windows QTL Cartographer v2.5 software, QTLs for five weight traits of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep were detected based on nine microsatellite markers on chromosome 3. According to the results, ① in refere...By using Windows QTL Cartographer v2.5 software, QTLs for five weight traits of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep were detected based on nine microsatellite markers on chromosome 3. According to the results, ① in reference family 191, the QTL affecting weaning weight was detected at 110.01 cM with an additive effect of 6.860, explaining 29.3% of the phenotypic variance; ② in reference family 190, the QTL affecting weaning daily gain was detected at 227.41 cM with an additive effect of 0.013, explaining 1.7% of the phenotypic variance; ③there was no QTL affect- ing birth weight, 1.5-year weight and 2.5-year weight of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep.展开更多
Green-revertible albino is a novel type of chlorophyll deficiency in rice （Oryza sativa L.）, which is helpful for further research in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development to illuminate their molecular m...Green-revertible albino is a novel type of chlorophyll deficiency in rice （Oryza sativa L.）, which is helpful for further research in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development to illuminate their molecular mechanism. In the previous study, we had reported a single recessive gene, gra（t）, controlling this trait on the long arm of chromosome 2. In this paper, we mapped the gra（t） gene using 1,936 recessive individuals with albino phenotype in the F2 population derived from the cross between themo-photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile （T/PGMS） line Pei＇ai 64S and the spontaneous mutant Qiufeng M. Eventually, it was located to a confined region of 42.4 kb flanked by two microsatellite markers RM2-97 and RM13553. Based on the annotation results of RiceGAAS system, 11 open reading frames （ORFs） were predicted in this region. Among them, ORF6 was the most possible gene related to chloroplast development, which encoded the chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor Tu in rice. Therefore, we designated it as the candidate gene of gra（t）. Sequence analysis indicated that only one base substitution C to T occurred in the coding region, which caused a missense mutation （Thr to Ile） in gra（t） mutant. These results are very valuable for further study on gra（t） gene.展开更多
Rice with low glutelin content is suitable as functional food for patients affected with diabetes and kidney failure. The fine mapping of the gene(s) responsible for low glutelin content will provide information regar...Rice with low glutelin content is suitable as functional food for patients affected with diabetes and kidney failure. The fine mapping of the gene(s) responsible for low glutelin content will provide information regarding the distribution of glutelin related genes in rice genome and will generate markers for the selection of low glutelin rice varieties. Following an SDS-PAGE screen of rice germplasm from Taihu Valley of China, Japonica selection W3660 is identified to be a novel mutant characterized with low glutelin content. For fine mapping the mutant gene for low glutelin content, F2 and F3 populations were derived from a cross between W3660 and Jingrennuo. SDS-PAGE analysis of the total endosperm protein showed that the low glutelin content trait was controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene. Genetic mapping, using SSRs, located this gene to chromosome 2, in the region between SSR2-001/SSR2-004 and RM1358. The dis- tances of the two markers to the target gene were 1.1 cM and 3.8 cM respectively. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, the transcripts of GluB4/GluB5 genes located within the region do not change. However, GluB5 gene located proximal to SSR2-001/SSR2-004 was specifically reduced. SSR profiles of seven Japonica varieties were compared with that of W3660 for loci in the relevant genetic region. The markers SSR2-004 and RM1358 were used for marker- assisted selection. The selection efficiencies of SSR2-004 and RM1358 were 96.8% and 92.7% respectively. This provides a standard starting point for the breeding of low glutelin content rice varieties in China.展开更多
A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant （pgl2） was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice （Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare）. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caus...A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant （pgl2） was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice （Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare）. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear-encoded gene. To map the PGL2gene, an F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant with Longtefu （Oryza sativa L. subsp, indica）. The PGL2 locus was roughly linked to SSR marker RM331 on chromosome 8. To finely map the gene, 14 new InDel markers were developed around the marker, and PGL2 was further mapped to a 2.37 Mb centromeric region. Analysis on chlorophyll contents of leaves showed that there was no obvious difference between the mutant and the wild type in total chlorophyll （Chl） content, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b in the mutant was only about 1, which was distinctly lower than that in the wild type, suggesting that the PGL2 gene was related to the conversion between Chl a and Chl b. Moreover, the method of primer design around the centromeric region was discussed, which would provide insight into fine mapping of the functional genes in plant centromeres.展开更多
A dwarf mutant of rice （Oryza sativa L.） by mutagenesis of ethylene methylsulfonate （EMS） treatment from Nipponbare was identified. The mutant exhibited phenotypes of dwarfism and withered leaf tip （dwll）. Based...A dwarf mutant of rice （Oryza sativa L.） by mutagenesis of ethylene methylsulfonate （EMS） treatment from Nipponbare was identified. The mutant exhibited phenotypes of dwarfism and withered leaf tip （dwll）. Based on the intemode length of dwll, this mutant belongs to the dm type of dwarfing. Analysis of elongation of the second sheath and m-amylase activity in endosperm showed that the phenotype caused by dwll was insensitive to gibberellin acid treatment. Using a large F2 population derived from a cross between the dwll and an indica rice variety, TN1, the DWL1 gene was mapped to the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 3. Fine-mapping delimited it into a 46 kb physical distance between two STS markers, HL921 and HL944, where 6 open reading frames were predicted. Cloning of DWL1 will contribute to dissecting molecular mechanism that regulates plant height in rice, which will be beneficial to molecular assisted selection of this important trait.展开更多
Seven residual heterozygous lines （RHLs） displaying different genotypic compositions in the genomic region covering probable locations of C （Chromogen for anthocyanin） gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 we...Seven residual heterozygous lines （RHLs） displaying different genotypic compositions in the genomic region covering probable locations of C （Chromogen for anthocyanin） gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 were selected from the progenies of the indica cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. Seeds were harvested from each of the seven plants, and the resultant F2：3 populations were used for fine mapping of C gene. It was shown in the populations that the apiculus coloration matched to basal leaf sheath coloration in each plant. By relating the coloration performances of the populations with the genotypic compositions of the RHLs, the C locus was located between rice SSR markers RM314 and RM253. By using a total of 1279 F2：3 individuals from two populations showing coloration segregation, the C locus was then located between RM111 and RM253, with genetic distances of 0.7 cM to RM111 and 0.4 cM to RM253. Twenty-two recombinants found in the two populations were assayed with seven more markers located between RM111 and RM253, including six SSR markers and one marker for the C gene candidate, OsCl. The C locus was delimited to a 59.3-kb region in which OsC1 was located.展开更多
Husk number(HN)and husk length(HL)influence the mechanical harvesting of maize grain.We investigated the genetic basis of HN and HL using a population of 204 recombinant inbred lines phenotypically evaluated in five e...Husk number(HN)and husk length(HL)influence the mechanical harvesting of maize grain.We investigated the genetic basis of HN and HL using a population of 204 recombinant inbred lines phenotypically evaluated in five environments.The two husk traits showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability.Nine stable quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified by single-environment mapping,comprising four QTL for HN and five for HL,and three QTL explained>10%of the phenotypic variation.Joint mapping revealed 22 additive QTL and 46 epistatic QTL.Both additive and epistatic(additive×additive)effects as well as a few large-effect QTL and some minor-effect QTL appeared to contribute to the genetic architecture of HN and HL.The QTL for HN located on chromosome 7,q HN7,which accounted for^20%of phenotypic variation,was detected in all five environments.q HN7 was fine-mapped to a 721.1 kb physical region based on the maize B73 Ref Gen_v3 genome assembly.Within this interval,four genes associated with plant growth and development were selected as candidate genes.The results will be useful for improvement of maize husk traits by molecular breeding and provide a basis for the cloning of q HN7.展开更多
Glabrous rice exhibits glabrous leaves and hulls because neither of these structures have trichomes on their surfaces. Glabrous rice varieties have become an important germplasm resource in the rice industry because t...Glabrous rice exhibits glabrous leaves and hulls because neither of these structures have trichomes on their surfaces. Glabrous rice varieties have become an important germplasm resource in the rice industry because they have considerable packaging efficiency and can reduce skin itching and dust during harvesting, drying, and packing （Shim et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2012）.展开更多
Grain shape as a major determinant of rice yield and quality is widely believed to be controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL). We have identified a novel gene 'GS2' to largely regulate grain length and widt...Grain shape as a major determinant of rice yield and quality is widely believed to be controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL). We have identified a novel gene 'GS2' to largely regulate grain length and width in rice. The GS2 allele in the big-grain rice line ‘CDL’functioned in a dominant manner. In the present study, we employed a chromosome walking strategy in the residual heterozygous lines from recombinant inbred population between cultivar 'R1126' and CDL, and located the GS2 gene in an interval of ~33.2 kb flanked by marker GL2-35-1 and GL2-12 in the long arm of rice chromosome 2. According to genome annotations, three putative gene loci, LOC_Os02g47280, LOC_Os02g47290 and LOC_Os02g47300, exist in this candidate region. In addition, allelic analysis with previously reported genes demonstrated that GS2 was novel for regulating rice grain shape. These results will help promote the cloning and functional characterization of the GS2 gene and further develop linked markers to be used in marker-assisted breeding.展开更多
Soybean mosaic virus(SMV) affects seed quality and production of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) worldwide.SC18 is one of the dominant SMV strains in South China,and accession Zhonghuang 24 displayed resistance to SC18...Soybean mosaic virus(SMV) affects seed quality and production of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) worldwide.SC18 is one of the dominant SMV strains in South China,and accession Zhonghuang 24 displayed resistance to SC18.The F_(1),F_(2) and 168 F_(11) recombinant inbred lines(RILs) population derived from a hybridization between Zhonghuang 24(resistant,R) and Huaxia 3(susceptible,S) were used in this study.According to the segregation ratios of the F_(2) generation(3 R:1 S) and the recombinant inbred lines(RILs) population(1 R:1 S),one dominant locus may regulate the resistance to SC18 in Zhonghuang 24.By using composite interval mapping(CIM),Rsc18 was mapped to a 415.357-kb region on chromosome 13.Three candidate genes,including one NBS-LRR type gene and two serine/threonine protein type genes,were identified according to the genetic annotations,which may be related to the resistance to SC18.The q RT-PCR demonstrated that these genes were up-regulated in the R genotype compared to the control.In conclusion,the findings of this research enhanced the understanding about the R genes at the Rsc18 locus.Moreover,our results will provide insights for designing molecular markers to improve marker-assisted selection and developing new varieties with resistance to SC18.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301800,32301923 and 32072053)Wheat Industrial Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-01-01)Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2022LZG002-4,2023LZGC009-4-4).
文摘Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage resistance to powdery mildew over consecutive years.Genetic analysis of H1-707 at the seedling stage revealed a dominant monogenic inheritance pattern,and the underlying gene was designated Pm71.By employing bulked segregant exome sequencing(BSE-Seq)and using 2000 F2:3 families,Pm71 was fine mapped to a 336-kb interval on chromosome arm 6AS by referencing to the durum cv.Svevo RefSeq 1.0.Collinearity analysis revealed high homology in the candidate interval between Svevo and six Triticum species.Among six high-confidence genes annotated within this interval,TRITD6Av1G005050 encoding a GDSL esterase/lipase was identified as a key candidate for Pm71.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143007)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2023B02006)+1 种基金the Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institutions,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(S2021ZD04 and S2022ZD04)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2021205013)。
文摘Large grain is a favorable trait for appearance quality and a large sink potential in wheat breeding.The stable QTL QGl.caas-5BS for grain length was previously identified in a recombinant inbred line population from the cross of Zhongmai 871(ZM871)and its sister line Zhongmai 895(ZM895).Here,a BC_(1)F_6 residual heterozygous line was selected from the cross of a ZM871/ZM895//ZM871 population,and six heterozygous recombinant plants were identified in the BC_(1)F_(7)population from self-pollination of the heterozygous line.QGl.caas-5BS was delimited into an interval of approximately 2.2 Mb flanked by markers Kasp_5B33 and Kasp_5B2(25.3-27.5 Mb)by phenotyping and genotyping the secondary mapping populations derived from these heterozygous recombinant plants.Five genes were predicted as candidates of QGl.caas-5BS based on sequence polymorphism and differential expression analyses.Further mutation analysis showed that TraesCS5B02G026800 is likely the causal gene of QGl.caas-5BS.The gene-specific marker Kasp_5B_Gl for TraesCS5B02G026800 was developed,and a significant genetic effect of QGl.caas-5BS on grain length was identified in a validation population of 166 cultivars using this marker.These findings lay a good foundation for map-based cloning of QGl.caas-5BS and provide a breeding-applicable marker for the improvement of grain length in wheat.
基金supported by Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(23)2003)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-28-21)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201680)the National Science and Technology Development Program of China(NK2022160104)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2001400).
文摘Since its introduction in 2014,the LiDAR odometry and mapping(LOAM)algorithm has become a cornerstone in the fields of autonomous driving and intelligent robotics.LOAM provides robust support for autonomous navigation in complex dynamic environments through precise localization and environmental mapping.This paper offers a comprehensive review of the innovations and optimizations made to the LOAM algorithm,covering advancements in multi-sensor fusion technology,frontend processing optimization,backend optimization,and loop closure detection.These improvements have significantly enhanced LOAM's performance in various scenarios,including urban,agricultural,and underground environments.However,challenges remain in areas such as data synchronization,real-time processing,computational complexity,and environmental adaptability.Looking ahead,future developments are expected to focus on creating more efficient multi-sensor fusion algorithms,expanding application domains,and building more robust systems,thereby driving continued progress in autonomous driving,intelligent robotics,and autonomous unmanned systems.
文摘By comparing the entropy and the conditional entropy in a marker, an entropy-based index has been presented for fine-scale linkage disequilibrium gene mapping using high-density marker maps for human disease genes. The index can quantify the level of linkage disequilibrium （LD） between the marker and the disease susceptibility locus （DSL） of genes. The advantage of using the index is attributed to the fact that it does not depend on marker allele frequencies across loci. Moreover, it is parallel to Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium （HWD） measure for DSL fine mapping. Through various simulations, the fine mapping perform- ances of the proposed entropy-based index was extensively investigated under various genetic parameters. The results show that the index presented is both robust and powerful for DSL mapping in genes.
文摘The ast ( anthocyanin spotted testa) mutant, which was induced by carbon ion radiation, was a single recessive gene mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with spotted pigment in seed coats, and involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. To clone the AST gene by map-based cloning strategy, a series of molecular markers were designed according to the SNPs (single nucleotide polymophisms) and insertion/deletion polymophisms in the Arabidopsis database. With these molecular markers, the fine-structure mapping of the AST gene was finished, the AST locus was located in BAC clone T13M11. It was suggested that the AST candidate gene was T13M11. 8 in the T13M11 This gene was 1432 bp long with 6 exons and 5 introns. The putative protein of T13M11. 8 gene was similar to dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which was an important enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
基金This work was supported by Scientific Research Fund of Huaihua University and the National Natural Foundation of China (No.10371133).
文摘By comparing the entropy and conditional entropy in a marker, an entropy-based index for fine-scale linkage-disequilibrium gene mapping is presented using high-density marker maps in extreme samples for quantitative trait. The entropy-based index is the function of LD between the marker and the traitlocus and does not depend on marker allele frequencies across the loci. It is parallel to Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium （HWD） measure for QTL fine mapping, but its power of fine mapping QTL is higher than that of HWD measure. Through simulations, the fine mapping performance of this entropy-based index is investigated extensively under various genetic parameters. The results show that the indices presented here are both robust and powerful.
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Science and Technology Support Plan(2011BAD16B03)Postgraduate Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province(CXZZ12_0906)+2 种基金the Project of Agricultural Independent Innovation Fund in Jiangsu Province[CX(12)1003]Natural Science Fund in Jiangsu Province(BK20130725)the Project of Science and Technology Support Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2012309)~~
文摘To clone the DL-6 gene, positive and negative cross combinations were developed between dl-6 and 9311; based on the genetic analysis, it was found that drooping leaf was controlled by one recessive nuclear gene DL-6, DL-6 was pri- marily mapped on the short arm of chromosome 3 with SSR markers, finally the DL-6 gene was fine mapped in the 85 kb section between markers 13-5 and 13-8 using newly developed InDel marker; the open reading frames （ORFs） in the sec- tion were analyzed and found that YABBY gene coded by ORF9 might be a droop- ing leaf-related gene. YABBY genes in mutant dl-6 and in wild type were se- quenced, and the sequencing results were compared with Nipponbare sequence, and showed that 1 bp mutation was found in first exon of YABBY gene in the mu- tant dl-6, which caused the coded cysteine of the wild type become the arginine of the mutant; at the same time, 8 bp deletion was also found at 3＇ end of ORF9 gene. These two mutations which one was the functional mutation of dl-6 has been still uncertain and needed further research.
基金Supported by Fund of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF),Germany(CHN 00316)Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2012JY0126)~~
文摘By using Windows QTL Cartographer v2.5 software, QTLs for five weight traits of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep were detected based on nine microsatellite markers on chromosome 3. According to the results, ① in reference family 191, the QTL affecting weaning weight was detected at 110.01 cM with an additive effect of 6.860, explaining 29.3% of the phenotypic variance; ② in reference family 190, the QTL affecting weaning daily gain was detected at 227.41 cM with an additive effect of 0.013, explaining 1.7% of the phenotypic variance; ③there was no QTL affect- ing birth weight, 1.5-year weight and 2.5-year weight of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep.
基金supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2006AA100101)the National Science and Technology Support Program (No. 2006BAD01A01-5)+1 种基金Special Program for Rice Scientific Research of Ministry of Agriculture (No. nyhyzx 07-001-006)Super Rice Breeding and Demonstration Program of Ministry of Agriculture, and Jiangsu Selfinnovation Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology (No. CX[08]603).
文摘Green-revertible albino is a novel type of chlorophyll deficiency in rice （Oryza sativa L.）, which is helpful for further research in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development to illuminate their molecular mechanism. In the previous study, we had reported a single recessive gene, gra（t）, controlling this trait on the long arm of chromosome 2. In this paper, we mapped the gra（t） gene using 1,936 recessive individuals with albino phenotype in the F2 population derived from the cross between themo-photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile （T/PGMS） line Pei＇ai 64S and the spontaneous mutant Qiufeng M. Eventually, it was located to a confined region of 42.4 kb flanked by two microsatellite markers RM2-97 and RM13553. Based on the annotation results of RiceGAAS system, 11 open reading frames （ORFs） were predicted in this region. Among them, ORF6 was the most possible gene related to chloroplast development, which encoded the chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor Tu in rice. Therefore, we designated it as the candidate gene of gra（t）. Sequence analysis indicated that only one base substitution C to T occurred in the coding region, which caused a missense mutation （Thr to Ile） in gra（t） mutant. These results are very valuable for further study on gra（t） gene.
基金supported by the grants from Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Program,No.2003AA222131,2003AA207020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30170570)Special Program for gene-transfering(No.JY03-B-07,JY03-A-07-02)
文摘Rice with low glutelin content is suitable as functional food for patients affected with diabetes and kidney failure. The fine mapping of the gene(s) responsible for low glutelin content will provide information regarding the distribution of glutelin related genes in rice genome and will generate markers for the selection of low glutelin rice varieties. Following an SDS-PAGE screen of rice germplasm from Taihu Valley of China, Japonica selection W3660 is identified to be a novel mutant characterized with low glutelin content. For fine mapping the mutant gene for low glutelin content, F2 and F3 populations were derived from a cross between W3660 and Jingrennuo. SDS-PAGE analysis of the total endosperm protein showed that the low glutelin content trait was controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene. Genetic mapping, using SSRs, located this gene to chromosome 2, in the region between SSR2-001/SSR2-004 and RM1358. The dis- tances of the two markers to the target gene were 1.1 cM and 3.8 cM respectively. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, the transcripts of GluB4/GluB5 genes located within the region do not change. However, GluB5 gene located proximal to SSR2-001/SSR2-004 was specifically reduced. SSR profiles of seven Japonica varieties were compared with that of W3660 for loci in the relevant genetic region. The markers SSR2-004 and RM1358 were used for marker- assisted selection. The selection efficiencies of SSR2-004 and RM1358 were 96.8% and 92.7% respectively. This provides a standard starting point for the breeding of low glutelin content rice varieties in China.
文摘A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant （pgl2） was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice （Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare）. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear-encoded gene. To map the PGL2gene, an F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant with Longtefu （Oryza sativa L. subsp, indica）. The PGL2 locus was roughly linked to SSR marker RM331 on chromosome 8. To finely map the gene, 14 new InDel markers were developed around the marker, and PGL2 was further mapped to a 2.37 Mb centromeric region. Analysis on chlorophyll contents of leaves showed that there was no obvious difference between the mutant and the wild type in total chlorophyll （Chl） content, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b in the mutant was only about 1, which was distinctly lower than that in the wild type, suggesting that the PGL2 gene was related to the conversion between Chl a and Chl b. Moreover, the method of primer design around the centromeric region was discussed, which would provide insight into fine mapping of the functional genes in plant centromeres.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB120807)the High-Tech Research and Development Program in China(No.2006AA10A102 and No.2006AA10Z1B5)
文摘A dwarf mutant of rice （Oryza sativa L.） by mutagenesis of ethylene methylsulfonate （EMS） treatment from Nipponbare was identified. The mutant exhibited phenotypes of dwarfism and withered leaf tip （dwll）. Based on the intemode length of dwll, this mutant belongs to the dm type of dwarfing. Analysis of elongation of the second sheath and m-amylase activity in endosperm showed that the phenotype caused by dwll was insensitive to gibberellin acid treatment. Using a large F2 population derived from a cross between the dwll and an indica rice variety, TN1, the DWL1 gene was mapped to the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 3. Fine-mapping delimited it into a 46 kb physical distance between two STS markers, HL921 and HL944, where 6 open reading frames were predicted. Cloning of DWL1 will contribute to dissecting molecular mechanism that regulates plant height in rice, which will be beneficial to molecular assisted selection of this important trait.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese 863 Program(Grant No.2006AA10Z1E8)the Super Rice Program of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No.200606)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.Y304446).
文摘Seven residual heterozygous lines （RHLs） displaying different genotypic compositions in the genomic region covering probable locations of C （Chromogen for anthocyanin） gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 were selected from the progenies of the indica cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. Seeds were harvested from each of the seven plants, and the resultant F2：3 populations were used for fine mapping of C gene. It was shown in the populations that the apiculus coloration matched to basal leaf sheath coloration in each plant. By relating the coloration performances of the populations with the genotypic compositions of the RHLs, the C locus was located between rice SSR markers RM314 and RM253. By using a total of 1279 F2：3 individuals from two populations showing coloration segregation, the C locus was then located between RM111 and RM253, with genetic distances of 0.7 cM to RM111 and 0.4 cM to RM253. Twenty-two recombinants found in the two populations were assayed with seven more markers located between RM111 and RM253, including six SSR markers and one marker for the C gene candidate, OsCl. The C locus was delimited to a 59.3-kb region in which OsC1 was located.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20171252)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(19)3049)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Jiangsu Province,(BE2018325)the Six Major Talent Project of Jiangsu Province(2016-NY-143 and 2017-NY-138)the Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System。
文摘Husk number(HN)and husk length(HL)influence the mechanical harvesting of maize grain.We investigated the genetic basis of HN and HL using a population of 204 recombinant inbred lines phenotypically evaluated in five environments.The two husk traits showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability.Nine stable quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified by single-environment mapping,comprising four QTL for HN and five for HL,and three QTL explained>10%of the phenotypic variation.Joint mapping revealed 22 additive QTL and 46 epistatic QTL.Both additive and epistatic(additive×additive)effects as well as a few large-effect QTL and some minor-effect QTL appeared to contribute to the genetic architecture of HN and HL.The QTL for HN located on chromosome 7,q HN7,which accounted for^20%of phenotypic variation,was detected in all five environments.q HN7 was fine-mapped to a 721.1 kb physical region based on the maize B73 Ref Gen_v3 genome assembly.Within this interval,four genes associated with plant growth and development were selected as candidate genes.The results will be useful for improvement of maize husk traits by molecular breeding and provide a basis for the cloning of q HN7.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31025017 and30971763)the National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA101101)
文摘Glabrous rice exhibits glabrous leaves and hulls because neither of these structures have trichomes on their surfaces. Glabrous rice varieties have become an important germplasm resource in the rice industry because they have considerable packaging efficiency and can reduce skin itching and dust during harvesting, drying, and packing （Shim et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2012）.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA10A101)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (10JJ2025)
文摘Grain shape as a major determinant of rice yield and quality is widely believed to be controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL). We have identified a novel gene 'GS2' to largely regulate grain length and width in rice. The GS2 allele in the big-grain rice line ‘CDL’functioned in a dominant manner. In the present study, we employed a chromosome walking strategy in the residual heterozygous lines from recombinant inbred population between cultivar 'R1126' and CDL, and located the GS2 gene in an interval of ~33.2 kb flanked by marker GL2-35-1 and GL2-12 in the long arm of rice chromosome 2. According to genome annotations, three putative gene loci, LOC_Os02g47280, LOC_Os02g47290 and LOC_Os02g47300, exist in this candidate region. In addition, allelic analysis with previously reported genes demonstrated that GS2 was novel for regulating rice grain shape. These results will help promote the cloning and functional characterization of the GS2 gene and further develop linked markers to be used in marker-assisted breeding.
基金supported by the projects of the Key-Areas Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (2020B020220008)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-04-PSO9)+2 种基金the Major Project of New Varieties Cultivation of Genetically Modified Varieties, China (2016ZX08004002-007)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017FYD0101500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971966)。
文摘Soybean mosaic virus(SMV) affects seed quality and production of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) worldwide.SC18 is one of the dominant SMV strains in South China,and accession Zhonghuang 24 displayed resistance to SC18.The F_(1),F_(2) and 168 F_(11) recombinant inbred lines(RILs) population derived from a hybridization between Zhonghuang 24(resistant,R) and Huaxia 3(susceptible,S) were used in this study.According to the segregation ratios of the F_(2) generation(3 R:1 S) and the recombinant inbred lines(RILs) population(1 R:1 S),one dominant locus may regulate the resistance to SC18 in Zhonghuang 24.By using composite interval mapping(CIM),Rsc18 was mapped to a 415.357-kb region on chromosome 13.Three candidate genes,including one NBS-LRR type gene and two serine/threonine protein type genes,were identified according to the genetic annotations,which may be related to the resistance to SC18.The q RT-PCR demonstrated that these genes were up-regulated in the R genotype compared to the control.In conclusion,the findings of this research enhanced the understanding about the R genes at the Rsc18 locus.Moreover,our results will provide insights for designing molecular markers to improve marker-assisted selection and developing new varieties with resistance to SC18.
