Artificially strengthened filter bed is an innovative wastewater treatment technology based on the coupling of eco-contact oxidation filters and artificial wetlands purification mechanism.By small scale laboratory equ...Artificially strengthened filter bed is an innovative wastewater treatment technology based on the coupling of eco-contact oxidation filters and artificial wetlands purification mechanism.By small scale laboratory equipment,the effects of cascade aeration,filter type,filter clogging and other ecological factors on the operation effect of artificial filter bed were studied.As indicated by the results,the pretreatment of cascade aeration had obvious effect and could satisfy the oxygen requirements of artificially strengthened ecological filter bed.Through the analysis on the purification results of volcanic and gravel filter,the effluent quality of volcanic filter was better than that of gravel filter.With the advantages of low operations costs and good effluent quality,the artificially strengthened ecological filter bed has great value to be popularized in North China.展开更多
A new dual-layer granular bed filter for hot gas cleanup was invented and studied experimentally. Fine sand,0.5-1 mm grain size and about 1350 kg/m3 bulk density,was used as the lower layer of the filter. Expanded per...A new dual-layer granular bed filter for hot gas cleanup was invented and studied experimentally. Fine sand,0.5-1 mm grain size and about 1350 kg/m3 bulk density,was used as the lower layer of the filter. Expanded perlite par-ticles,2-5 mm grain size and about 70 kg/m3 bulk density,was used for the upper layer of the filter in this study. It was confirmed that the sizes and densities of these two media matched well; the binary media remained in complete segre-gation during regeneration by fluidization. Test results show that the filtration of the expanded perlite particle layer was characterized as "deep bed filtration." Filtration of the fine sand layer was "surface cake filtration." The expanded per-lite particle layer contributed about 90% to the bed dust capacity,but only about 20% to the total bed pressure drop,which increased the bed dust capacity ten fold compared to a single-layer bed of the same sand and the same total bed pressure drop. The dust cake on the surface of the fine sand layer raised the collection efficiencies to over 99.99%.展开更多
A new gas clean-up process called 'integrated sintered metal screen moving granular bed' (ISMSMGB) for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressured fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) was develo...A new gas clean-up process called 'integrated sintered metal screen moving granular bed' (ISMSMGB) for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressured fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) was developed on the basis of a sintered metal candle filter and a cross-flow moving granular bed filter. This is a combination of the surface and deep bed filtering processes. A set of facilities was established and a series of cold model tests were carried out. The dust removal efficiency and the pressure drop of the filter were measured and analyzed. The results show that this process features the advantages of the moving bed for high capacity as well as high inlet dust load and the surface filter for high efficiency. Meanwhile, the granules moving downward cleans the cake on the screen surface, so that the system is operated at steady state.展开更多
The optimum media height of carbon oxidation and nitrification in a down-flow biological aerated filter was determined, and the distribution of the heterotrophic and nitrifying populations through studying the changes...The optimum media height of carbon oxidation and nitrification in a down-flow biological aerated filter was determined, and the distribution of the heterotrophic and nitrifying populations through studying the changes of organic carbon contents and ammonia concentration at different media height was got. The results showed that as a down flow BAF with granular media, the active layer of nitrifiers was deeper than heterotrophs in BAF. And the optimum media height for the removal of SS, COD Cr and NH + 4-N was 40 cm,60 cm and 80 cm respectively. The removal efficiency of SS, COD Cr and NH + 4-N was 79.1%, 63.9% and 96.4% respectively under the influent COD Cr and NH + 4-N of 122.1 mgCOD Cr /L and 14.84 mgNH + 4-N/L, the influent flux of 15.8 L/h, air to liquid ratio of 3∶1.展开更多
A magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSB) is a highly efficient filter that takes the advantage of both fluidized beds and fixed beds. This paper presents the research to collect aerosol in airflow with a MSB. The...A magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSB) is a highly efficient filter that takes the advantage of both fluidized beds and fixed beds. This paper presents the research to collect aerosol in airflow with a MSB. The filtering model of MSB is established with its parameters including magnetic Geld intensity, gas superficial velocity, average grain-size, and bed height on the collection efficiency of MSB. The model is verified by experiments.展开更多
Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters （BTFs）, BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times （EBCTs） and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with stru...Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters （BTFs）, BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times （EBCTs） and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/（m3.hr）, toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/（m3.hr） at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3-7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.展开更多
A novel integrated water treatment facility, inner-recycling continuous sand filter, is discussed. The theory of micro-flocculation is applied in the sand-washing circulation system with continuous filtration and back...A novel integrated water treatment facility, inner-recycling continuous sand filter, is discussed. The theory of micro-flocculation is applied in the sand-washing circulation system with continuous filtration and backwashing. The design and operation parameters, which affect the performance of the filter, are discussed. The key design parameters are provided as follows: diameter of filter material is 0.7 to 1.0 mm, depth of filter bed is 0.6 m, filtration velocity is less than 12 m/h, ratio of gas to water is 9:11 and sand recycling rate is 2 to 4 mm/min.展开更多
Seismic processing characterizing thickness and borders of thin inter-beds has gradually evolved fi＇om post-stack migration to pre-stack migration, and the latter considers both vertical and lateral resolutions. As t...Seismic processing characterizing thickness and borders of thin inter-beds has gradually evolved fi＇om post-stack migration to pre-stack migration, and the latter considers both vertical and lateral resolutions. As the key processing methods for improving vertical and lateral resolution, conventional deconvolution and pre-stack time migration （PSTM） are not simply dominated by the estimation and compression of the wavelet because of its instability. Therefbre, considering the variations of wavelet frequency belbre, during and alter PSTM can obtain good common reflection point （CRP） gathers and imaging profiles of thin inter-beds. Based on the frequency characteristics of the wavelet before, during and after PSTM, a joint high-resolution processing method for thin inter-beds is proposed in this paper, including inverse Q filtering for high-frequency compensation before PSTM, optimum weighting Kirchhoff PSTM for preserving high-frequencies during PSTM, and wavelet harmonizer deconvolution tier consistent processing and frequency-band broadening after PSTM. An application to real data characterized by mudstone beds in the Oriente Basin proved that the joint high-resolution processing method is effective for determining the thickness and borders of thin inter-beds and is favorable for subsequent reservoir prediction and seismic inversions.展开更多
The effectiveness of deep-bed filtration with respect to suspension formed during the preceding processes is evaluated by the test of filterability. The properties and concentration of the suspension being filtered ar...The effectiveness of deep-bed filtration with respect to suspension formed during the preceding processes is evaluated by the test of filterability. The properties and concentration of the suspension being filtered are affected by the efficiency of the preceding aggregation and separation processes. The basic principles of the test of filterability are based on the mechanistic model of filtration. The equations in the mathematical model of the mechanistic conception of filtration are derived from the theory of filtration. The arrangement of the pilot filtration plant for the determination of filterability of flocculent suspension is presented in this paper. The test of filterability is carried out with a thin-layer filter element. The design of a filter element arrangement and its installation are also disclosed in this paper. The inter-dependence of the coefficient of filtration efficiency on the specific volume of intercepted suspensions, filter media grain sizes and different filtration velocities are graphically presented. In addition, the effect of the filter bed clogging resulting from the properties of different suspensions on the head loss generated, the length of filtration cycle and quality of filtrate produced are also shown in this paper.展开更多
基金Supported by Typical Ecological Recovery Technology on Water Pollution(2010BAC68B02)
文摘Artificially strengthened filter bed is an innovative wastewater treatment technology based on the coupling of eco-contact oxidation filters and artificial wetlands purification mechanism.By small scale laboratory equipment,the effects of cascade aeration,filter type,filter clogging and other ecological factors on the operation effect of artificial filter bed were studied.As indicated by the results,the pretreatment of cascade aeration had obvious effect and could satisfy the oxygen requirements of artificially strengthened ecological filter bed.Through the analysis on the purification results of volcanic and gravel filter,the effluent quality of volcanic filter was better than that of gravel filter.With the advantages of low operations costs and good effluent quality,the artificially strengthened ecological filter bed has great value to be popularized in North China.
基金Projects 2006C23075 supported by the Key Research Project of Zhejiang Province02J20101-19 by the Science Foundation of Ningbo City
文摘A new dual-layer granular bed filter for hot gas cleanup was invented and studied experimentally. Fine sand,0.5-1 mm grain size and about 1350 kg/m3 bulk density,was used as the lower layer of the filter. Expanded perlite par-ticles,2-5 mm grain size and about 70 kg/m3 bulk density,was used for the upper layer of the filter in this study. It was confirmed that the sizes and densities of these two media matched well; the binary media remained in complete segre-gation during regeneration by fluidization. Test results show that the filtration of the expanded perlite particle layer was characterized as "deep bed filtration." Filtration of the fine sand layer was "surface cake filtration." The expanded per-lite particle layer contributed about 90% to the bed dust capacity,but only about 20% to the total bed pressure drop,which increased the bed dust capacity ten fold compared to a single-layer bed of the same sand and the same total bed pressure drop. The dust cake on the surface of the fine sand layer raised the collection efficiencies to over 99.99%.
基金Chinese Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects 973 (No. G1999022104).
文摘A new gas clean-up process called 'integrated sintered metal screen moving granular bed' (ISMSMGB) for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressured fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) was developed on the basis of a sintered metal candle filter and a cross-flow moving granular bed filter. This is a combination of the surface and deep bed filtering processes. A set of facilities was established and a series of cold model tests were carried out. The dust removal efficiency and the pressure drop of the filter were measured and analyzed. The results show that this process features the advantages of the moving bed for high capacity as well as high inlet dust load and the surface filter for high efficiency. Meanwhile, the granules moving downward cleans the cake on the screen surface, so that the system is operated at steady state.
文摘The optimum media height of carbon oxidation and nitrification in a down-flow biological aerated filter was determined, and the distribution of the heterotrophic and nitrifying populations through studying the changes of organic carbon contents and ammonia concentration at different media height was got. The results showed that as a down flow BAF with granular media, the active layer of nitrifiers was deeper than heterotrophs in BAF. And the optimum media height for the removal of SS, COD Cr and NH + 4-N was 40 cm,60 cm and 80 cm respectively. The removal efficiency of SS, COD Cr and NH + 4-N was 79.1%, 63.9% and 96.4% respectively under the influent COD Cr and NH + 4-N of 122.1 mgCOD Cr /L and 14.84 mgNH + 4-N/L, the influent flux of 15.8 L/h, air to liquid ratio of 3∶1.
文摘A magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSB) is a highly efficient filter that takes the advantage of both fluidized beds and fixed beds. This paper presents the research to collect aerosol in airflow with a MSB. The filtering model of MSB is established with its parameters including magnetic Geld intensity, gas superficial velocity, average grain-size, and bed height on the collection efficiency of MSB. The model is verified by experiments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50778066)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (No. 2006BAJ04A13)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20090161110010)
文摘Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters （BTFs）, BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times （EBCTs） and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/（m3.hr）, toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/（m3.hr） at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3-7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.
文摘A novel integrated water treatment facility, inner-recycling continuous sand filter, is discussed. The theory of micro-flocculation is applied in the sand-washing circulation system with continuous filtration and backwashing. The design and operation parameters, which affect the performance of the filter, are discussed. The key design parameters are provided as follows: diameter of filter material is 0.7 to 1.0 mm, depth of filter bed is 0.6 m, filtration velocity is less than 12 m/h, ratio of gas to water is 9:11 and sand recycling rate is 2 to 4 mm/min.
文摘Seismic processing characterizing thickness and borders of thin inter-beds has gradually evolved fi＇om post-stack migration to pre-stack migration, and the latter considers both vertical and lateral resolutions. As the key processing methods for improving vertical and lateral resolution, conventional deconvolution and pre-stack time migration （PSTM） are not simply dominated by the estimation and compression of the wavelet because of its instability. Therefbre, considering the variations of wavelet frequency belbre, during and alter PSTM can obtain good common reflection point （CRP） gathers and imaging profiles of thin inter-beds. Based on the frequency characteristics of the wavelet before, during and after PSTM, a joint high-resolution processing method for thin inter-beds is proposed in this paper, including inverse Q filtering for high-frequency compensation before PSTM, optimum weighting Kirchhoff PSTM for preserving high-frequencies during PSTM, and wavelet harmonizer deconvolution tier consistent processing and frequency-band broadening after PSTM. An application to real data characterized by mudstone beds in the Oriente Basin proved that the joint high-resolution processing method is effective for determining the thickness and borders of thin inter-beds and is favorable for subsequent reservoir prediction and seismic inversions.
文摘The effectiveness of deep-bed filtration with respect to suspension formed during the preceding processes is evaluated by the test of filterability. The properties and concentration of the suspension being filtered are affected by the efficiency of the preceding aggregation and separation processes. The basic principles of the test of filterability are based on the mechanistic model of filtration. The equations in the mathematical model of the mechanistic conception of filtration are derived from the theory of filtration. The arrangement of the pilot filtration plant for the determination of filterability of flocculent suspension is presented in this paper. The test of filterability is carried out with a thin-layer filter element. The design of a filter element arrangement and its installation are also disclosed in this paper. The inter-dependence of the coefficient of filtration efficiency on the specific volume of intercepted suspensions, filter media grain sizes and different filtration velocities are graphically presented. In addition, the effect of the filter bed clogging resulting from the properties of different suspensions on the head loss generated, the length of filtration cycle and quality of filtrate produced are also shown in this paper.
