The agricultural and land policies in China are always focused on protecting its food supply and security because of the country＇s large population and improved diets. The crop production guide ＇Take Grain as the Ke...The agricultural and land policies in China are always focused on protecting its food supply and security because of the country＇s large population and improved diets. The crop production guide ＇Take Grain as the Key Link prompted peasants to plant grain on most of the agricultural land, leading to the majority of fertilizer being used in grain crops for many years in China. This situation has changed dramatically in recent years. Based on data pertaining to provincial crops sown area and fertilizer use per unit area in 1998 and 2008, the temporal and spatial variations of China＇s fertilizer consumption by crops were analyzed at the provincial level, and the results are presented here. （1） Fertilizer consumption in China grew strongly in the last decade, while the growth was mainly attributable to the increase of fertilizer consumption by horticultural crops. The fertilizer consumption of grain crops dropped from 71.0% in 1998 to 57.8% in 2008. Thus, it is concluded that the emphasis of fertilizer consumption is shifting toward horticultural crops. （2） There were marked differences in the growth rates of fertilizer consumption from the regional point of view. The national average growth rate of fertilizer consumption was 31.9% during 1998-2008. The western and northeastern parts of the country came close to the national average, while the eastern part was lower, with an average of 13.0%, and central China was much higher （50.8%）. The increase of fertilizer consumption in central and west China was higher than the other zones, which already accounted for 77.9% of the national total. Thus, it is concluded that the consumption emphasis of chemical fertilizer shifts toward the central and western regions. （3） The decline of fertilizer consumption by grain crops was largely due to the decrease in sown area compared with the increase by vegetable crops attributable to the enlarging sown area; the increase by orchard crops was affected by both expanding the sown area and fertilizer use per unit area.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed at investigating the effects of consumption of potassium fertilizer on production and biological characteristics of rape and utilizing efficiency of potassium fertilizer.[Method] Taking 0 ...[Objective] This study aimed at investigating the effects of consumption of potassium fertilizer on production and biological characteristics of rape and utilizing efficiency of potassium fertilizer.[Method] Taking 0 kg/hm2 as control,nine consumptions of potassium fertilizer were designed for the experiment using single factor randomized block design with three replications and field experiment in nine rape-producing areas with different ecological types in Yunnan Province.[Result] Appropriately applying potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province could improve the rapeseed production,the rape production could achieve 3 983-4 151 kg when applied 150-180 kg/hm2 of K2O,which had increased by 4.7-9.1% compared with the control and attained the peak in K165 treatment.When applied 1 kg of K2O,the rapeseed production could enhance 559 kg,the net profit could reach 1 229 yuan/hm2 and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer could attain 31.32 kg/kg K2O and 3.7 kg/kg K2O,respectively.Applying potassium fertilizer could promote the growth of rape and increase rapeseed production.[Conclusion] The recommended optimal consumptions of potassium fertilizer with high production and high efficiency for rape in Yunnan Province were ranged between 150 and 180 kg K2O/hm2.However,comprehensively considering production and efficiency factors,the consumption of potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province was around 73.9 kg/hm2,which should be appropriately increased to around 100.0 kg/hm2 in Longchuan,Yulong,Linxiang and other producing areas with similar conditions.展开更多
Despite countries having signed agreements and developed policy to reduce CO_(2)emissions,there is disproportionate compliance with the agreements,with developed countries continuing to be the largest emitters.The obj...Despite countries having signed agreements and developed policy to reduce CO_(2)emissions,there is disproportionate compliance with the agreements,with developed countries continuing to be the largest emitters.The objective of this study was to compare the impact of South Africa’s population growth,economic growth,and fertilizer consumption on CO_(2)emissions,with those of the US,China,and other BRICS countries.The study used panel data sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators ranging from 1960 to 2023.Results of the fixed effects panel regression show that the coefficient of change for China’s population size(β=9.156,p<0.01)is the highest among the six countries.It is followed by the USA(β=9.156,p<0.05)and South Africa(β=1.474,p<0.01).The effects of GDP for China(β=1.128,p<0.01)on CO_(2)emissions are the largest,followed by South Africa(β=1.098,p<0.01)and the USA in third place(β=0.614,p<0.05).These results show that South Africa is highly reliant on coal-based energy resources.As a policy recommendation,South Africa needs to diversify its energy mix and invest more in renewable energy resources.展开更多
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40971062 National Basic Research Program of China, No.2010CB950902+1 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41101085 No.41171079
文摘The agricultural and land policies in China are always focused on protecting its food supply and security because of the country＇s large population and improved diets. The crop production guide ＇Take Grain as the Key Link prompted peasants to plant grain on most of the agricultural land, leading to the majority of fertilizer being used in grain crops for many years in China. This situation has changed dramatically in recent years. Based on data pertaining to provincial crops sown area and fertilizer use per unit area in 1998 and 2008, the temporal and spatial variations of China＇s fertilizer consumption by crops were analyzed at the provincial level, and the results are presented here. （1） Fertilizer consumption in China grew strongly in the last decade, while the growth was mainly attributable to the increase of fertilizer consumption by horticultural crops. The fertilizer consumption of grain crops dropped from 71.0% in 1998 to 57.8% in 2008. Thus, it is concluded that the emphasis of fertilizer consumption is shifting toward horticultural crops. （2） There were marked differences in the growth rates of fertilizer consumption from the regional point of view. The national average growth rate of fertilizer consumption was 31.9% during 1998-2008. The western and northeastern parts of the country came close to the national average, while the eastern part was lower, with an average of 13.0%, and central China was much higher （50.8%）. The increase of fertilizer consumption in central and west China was higher than the other zones, which already accounted for 77.9% of the national total. Thus, it is concluded that the consumption emphasis of chemical fertilizer shifts toward the central and western regions. （3） The decline of fertilizer consumption by grain crops was largely due to the decrease in sown area compared with the increase by vegetable crops attributable to the enlarging sown area; the increase by orchard crops was affected by both expanding the sown area and fertilizer use per unit area.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program(2009BADA8B01)Kunming Comprehensive Experimental Station,National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Rape(NYCYTX-00564)Yunnan Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction of Rape~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed at investigating the effects of consumption of potassium fertilizer on production and biological characteristics of rape and utilizing efficiency of potassium fertilizer.[Method] Taking 0 kg/hm2 as control,nine consumptions of potassium fertilizer were designed for the experiment using single factor randomized block design with three replications and field experiment in nine rape-producing areas with different ecological types in Yunnan Province.[Result] Appropriately applying potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province could improve the rapeseed production,the rape production could achieve 3 983-4 151 kg when applied 150-180 kg/hm2 of K2O,which had increased by 4.7-9.1% compared with the control and attained the peak in K165 treatment.When applied 1 kg of K2O,the rapeseed production could enhance 559 kg,the net profit could reach 1 229 yuan/hm2 and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer could attain 31.32 kg/kg K2O and 3.7 kg/kg K2O,respectively.Applying potassium fertilizer could promote the growth of rape and increase rapeseed production.[Conclusion] The recommended optimal consumptions of potassium fertilizer with high production and high efficiency for rape in Yunnan Province were ranged between 150 and 180 kg K2O/hm2.However,comprehensively considering production and efficiency factors,the consumption of potassium fertilizer in Yunnan Province was around 73.9 kg/hm2,which should be appropriately increased to around 100.0 kg/hm2 in Longchuan,Yulong,Linxiang and other producing areas with similar conditions.
文摘Despite countries having signed agreements and developed policy to reduce CO_(2)emissions,there is disproportionate compliance with the agreements,with developed countries continuing to be the largest emitters.The objective of this study was to compare the impact of South Africa’s population growth,economic growth,and fertilizer consumption on CO_(2)emissions,with those of the US,China,and other BRICS countries.The study used panel data sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators ranging from 1960 to 2023.Results of the fixed effects panel regression show that the coefficient of change for China’s population size(β=9.156,p<0.01)is the highest among the six countries.It is followed by the USA(β=9.156,p<0.05)and South Africa(β=1.474,p<0.01).The effects of GDP for China(β=1.128,p<0.01)on CO_(2)emissions are the largest,followed by South Africa(β=1.098,p<0.01)and the USA in third place(β=0.614,p<0.05).These results show that South Africa is highly reliant on coal-based energy resources.As a policy recommendation,South Africa needs to diversify its energy mix and invest more in renewable energy resources.
