Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop mor...Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.展开更多
Plants play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,plant health is easily affected by environmental stresses.Hence,the rapid and precise monitoring of plant health is crucial for glo...Plants play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,plant health is easily affected by environmental stresses.Hence,the rapid and precise monitoring of plant health is crucial for global food security and ecological balance.Currently,traditional detection strategies for monitoring plant health mainly rely on expensive equipment and complex operational procedures,which limit their widespread application.Fortunately,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)techniques have been recently highlighted in plants.NIR fluorescence imaging holds the advantages of being non-invasive,high-resolution and real-time,which is suitable for rapid screening in large-scale scenarios.While SERS enables highly sensitive and specific detection of trace chemical substances within plant tissues.Therefore,the complementarity of NIR fluorescence and SERS modalities can provide more comprehensive and accurate information for plant disease diagnosis and growth status monitoring.This article summarizes these two modalities in plant applications,and discusses the advantages of multimodal NIR fluorescence/SERS for a better understanding of a plant’s response to stress,thereby improving the accuracy and sensitivity of detection.展开更多
Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this bro...Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this broader role of BRs,previously published reviews mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth of model plants like Arabidopsis and some food crops,such as rice,maize,and wheat.While horticultural plants hold significant economic importance in modern agriculture,less attention has been paid to understanding the role of BRs in regulating the physiological functions of these plants.Given the lack of relevant reviews,this article aims to discuss the major roles of BRs in horticultural plants,particularly fruit and leaf development,whole plant architecture,and adaptive stress response.We also highlight key challenges and provide some future research directions for genetically improving horticultural plants by altering the BR signaling pathway.展开更多
Machine picking in cotton is an emerging practice in India,to solve the problems of labour shortages and production costs increasing.Cotton production has been declining in recent years;however,the high density planti...Machine picking in cotton is an emerging practice in India,to solve the problems of labour shortages and production costs increasing.Cotton production has been declining in recent years;however,the high density planting system(HDPS)offers a viable method to enhance productivity by increasing plant populations per unit area,optimizing resource utilization,and facilitating machine picking.Cotton is an indeterminate plant that produce excessive vegeta-tive growth in favorable soil fertility and moisture conditions,which posing challenges for efficient machine picking.To address this issue,the application of plant growth retardants(PGRs)is essential for controlling canopy architecture.PGRs reduce internode elongation,promote regulated branching,and increase plant compactness,making cotton plants better suited for machine picking.PGRs application also optimizes photosynthates distribution between veg-etative and reproductive growth,resulting in higher yields and improved fibre quality.The integration of HDPS and PGRs applications results in an optimal plant architecture for improving machine picking efficiency.However,the success of this integration is determined by some factors,including cotton variety,environmental conditions,and geographical variations.These approaches not only address yield stagnation and labour shortages but also help to establish more effective and sustainable cotton farming practices,resulting in higher cotton productivity.展开更多
Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior cultivars.This review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in...Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior cultivars.This review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in molecular plant production.Genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping methods for predictive plant breeding are briefly discussed.In this study,we explore contemporary molecular breeding techniques for producing desirable crop varieties.These techniques include cisgenesis,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR/Cas9)gene editing,haploid induction,and de novo domestication.We examine the speed breeding approach-a strategy for cultivating plants under controlled conditions.We further highlight the significance of modern breeding technologies in efficiently utilizing agricultural resources for crop production in urban areas.The deciphering of crop genomes has led to the development of extensive DNA markers,quantitative trait loci(QTLs),and pangenomes associated with various desirable crop traits.This shift to the genotypic selection of crops considerably expedites the plant breeding process.Based on the plant population used,the connection between genotypic and phenotypic data provides several genetic elements,including genes,markers,and alleles that can be used in genomic breeding and gene editing.The integration of speed breeding with genomic-assisted breeding and cutting-edge genome editing tools has made it feasible to rapidly manipulate and generate multiple crop cycles and accelerate the plant breeding process.Breakthroughs in molecular techniques have led to substantial improvements in modern breeding methods.展开更多
The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:tho...The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.展开更多
Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmen...Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.展开更多
Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration eff...Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.展开更多
To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The...To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The inspection robot utilizes multiple sensors to monitor key parameters of the fans,such as vibration,noise,and bearing temperature,and upload the data to the monitoring center.The robot’s inspection path employs the improved A^(*)algorithm,incorporating obstacle penalty terms,path reconstruction,and smoothing optimization techniques,thereby achieving optimal path planning for the inspection robot in complex environments.Simulation results demonstrate that the improved A^(*)algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional A^(*)algorithm in terms of total path distance,smoothness,and detour rate,effectively improving the execution efficiency of inspection tasks.展开更多
Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in pl...Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants,the MYB family significantly regulates plant secondary metabolism,including the biosynthetic pathways for phenylpropanoids,which are crucial for stress resistance.This review presents a comprehensive overview of MYB transcription factor classification and their regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolism and stress responses.We discuss the roles of MYB transcription factors in biotic stress resistance,such as defense against pathogens and pests,and in abiotic stress tolerance,including responses to drought and salinity.Special attention is given to the interactions of R2R3 MYB with other transcription factors and co-repressors,focusing on how these synergistic or antagonistic relationships modulate physiological processes.The multifunctional role of R2R3 MYBs in stress responses positions them as promising targets for enhancing crop resilience through genetic breeding.Furthermore,this review highlights potential applications of MYB transcription factors in developing stress-resistant crops and their utility in plant resistant breeding programs.展开更多
Trichoderma strains possessing biological control functions have been used in agriculture against phytopathogens.Currently,only very few species of the genus were applied to or involved in plant disease control.Discov...Trichoderma strains possessing biological control functions have been used in agriculture against phytopathogens.Currently,only very few species of the genus were applied to or involved in plant disease control.Discovery of additional useful resources is desperately needed.In this study,biocontrol effect of Trichoderma vermifimicola strain TC467 was evaluated by dual confrontation culture,cellophane and two-compartment culture,pot experiments,and resistance to chemical fungicides.The results demonstrated that TC467 produced substances essential to phytopathogen control(including siderophore,xylanase and chitinase)and plant growth promoters(producing indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin).The strain displayed a high inhibition rate against Botrytis cinerea reaching 85.26%;and its non-volatile and volatile secondary metabolites showed the inhibition rates to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and B.cinerea as high as 84.67%and 47.62%,respectively.In pot experiments,comparing with untreated plants TC467 significantly enhanced the height and fresh weight of lettuce(Lactuca sativa var.ramosa)by 46.69%and 15.33%,respectively.Its fermentation broth effectively minimized the lettuce disease caused by B.cinerea with inhibition rate of 87.76%.In addition,the strain showed higher tolerance to hymexazol water-dispersible granule than that to other tested fungicides;at the concentration of 0.42 mg/L the growth rate of TC467 can even approach 98.19%.T.vermifimicola strain TC467 has the potential for practical application in biocontrol especially plant diseases caused by B.cinerea,which extends our knowledge of nature beneficial resources.展开更多
This applied research seeks to explore feasible plant design for manufacturing insulation materials for construction projects using waste sheep fleece to address environmental issues related to wasted sheep wool and e...This applied research seeks to explore feasible plant design for manufacturing insulation materials for construction projects using waste sheep fleece to address environmental issues related to wasted sheep wool and enhance the gross national product. The process starts by collecting low-cost sheep fleece from farms and processed via a production line, including scouring, plucking, carding, thermal bonding, and packing. The design process involves determining an optimal location, infrastructure, staffing, machinery, environmental impact, and utilities. A final economic analysis is undertaken to estimate the product’s cost, selling price, and break-even point based on the anticipated capital and operational costs. The plant is intended to process 6778 tons of sheep wool annually. The study suggests that Mafraq Industrial City is a perfect location for the plant, and purchasing land and structures is the optimal option. The projected capital cost is 1,416,679 USD, while the anticipated operational costs amount to 3,206,275 USD. Insulation material production is estimated to be 114,756 m3 annually. The material may be manufactured into 1 m wide, 0.05 m thick sheets for 2.02 USD per square meter. Thus, for a 10-year plant, a 2.47 USD/m2 selling price breaks even in one year.展开更多
In light of the increasing recognition of the necessity to evaluate and mitigate the environmental impact of human activities, the aim of this study is to assess the greenhouse gases emitted in 2022 by the Kossodo the...In light of the increasing recognition of the necessity to evaluate and mitigate the environmental impact of human activities, the aim of this study is to assess the greenhouse gases emitted in 2022 by the Kossodo thermal power plant as a consequence of its electricity production. The specific objective was to identify the emission sources and quantify the gases generated, with the purpose of proposing effective solutions for reducing the plant’s ecological footprint. In order to achieve the objectives set out in the study, the Bilan Carbone® method was employed. Following an analysis of the plant’s activities, seven emission items were identified as requiring further investigation. The data was gathered from the plant’s activity reports, along with measurements and questionnaires distributed to employees. The data collected was subjected to processing in order to produce the sought activity data. The Bilan Carbone® V7.1 spreadsheet was employed to convert the activity data into equivalent quantities of CO2. The full assessment indicates that the majority of the power plant’s emissions come from the combustion of HFO and DDO, accounting for 96.11% of the Kossodo power plant’s total GHG emissions in 2022. The plant produced 280,585,676 kilowatt-hours (kWh), resulting in emissions of 218,492.785 ± 10,924.639 tCO2e, which yielded an emission factor of 0.78 kgCO2e/kWh for the year 2022. In order to reduce this rate, recommendations for improved energy efficiency have been issued to management and all staff.展开更多
Observing plants across time and diverse scenes is critical in uncovering plant growth patterns.Classic methods often struggle to observe or measure plants against complex backgrounds and at different growth stages.Th...Observing plants across time and diverse scenes is critical in uncovering plant growth patterns.Classic methods often struggle to observe or measure plants against complex backgrounds and at different growth stages.This highlights the need for a universal approach capable of providing realistic plant visualizations across time and scene.Here,we introduce PlantGaussian,an approach for generating realistic three-dimensional(3D)visualization for plants across time and scenes.It marks one of the first applications of 3D Gaussian splatting techniques in plant science,achieving high-quality visualization across species and growth stages.By integrating the Segment Anything Model(SAM)and tracking algorithms,PlantGaussian overcomes the limitations of classic Gaussian reconstruction techniques in complex planting environments.A new mesh partitioning technique is employed to convert Gaussian rendering results into measurable plant meshes,offering a methodology for accurate 3D plant morphology phenotyping.To support this approach,PlantGaussian dataset is developed,which includes images of four crop species captured under multiple conditions and growth stages.Using only plant image sequences as input,it computes high-fidelity plant visualization models and 3D meshes for 3D plant morphological phenotyping.Visualization results indicate that most plant models achieve a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)exceeding 25,outperforming all models including the original 3D Gaussian Splatting and enhanced NeRF.The mesh results indicate an average relative error of 4%between the calculated values and the true measurements.As a generic 3D digital plant model,PlantGaussian will support expansion of plant phenotype databases,ecological research,and remote expert consultations.展开更多
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0403305)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101845)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0105000)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04).
文摘Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22374055,22022404,22074050,82172055)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.22022CFA033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.CCNU24JCPT001,CCNU24JCPT020)。
文摘Plants play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,plant health is easily affected by environmental stresses.Hence,the rapid and precise monitoring of plant health is crucial for global food security and ecological balance.Currently,traditional detection strategies for monitoring plant health mainly rely on expensive equipment and complex operational procedures,which limit their widespread application.Fortunately,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)techniques have been recently highlighted in plants.NIR fluorescence imaging holds the advantages of being non-invasive,high-resolution and real-time,which is suitable for rapid screening in large-scale scenarios.While SERS enables highly sensitive and specific detection of trace chemical substances within plant tissues.Therefore,the complementarity of NIR fluorescence and SERS modalities can provide more comprehensive and accurate information for plant disease diagnosis and growth status monitoring.This article summarizes these two modalities in plant applications,and discusses the advantages of multimodal NIR fluorescence/SERS for a better understanding of a plant’s response to stress,thereby improving the accuracy and sensitivity of detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32030005,32470325,32400288)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant 2023A1515110339)internal funding from Guangzhou University.
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this broader role of BRs,previously published reviews mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth of model plants like Arabidopsis and some food crops,such as rice,maize,and wheat.While horticultural plants hold significant economic importance in modern agriculture,less attention has been paid to understanding the role of BRs in regulating the physiological functions of these plants.Given the lack of relevant reviews,this article aims to discuss the major roles of BRs in horticultural plants,particularly fruit and leaf development,whole plant architecture,and adaptive stress response.We also highlight key challenges and provide some future research directions for genetically improving horticultural plants by altering the BR signaling pathway.
文摘Machine picking in cotton is an emerging practice in India,to solve the problems of labour shortages and production costs increasing.Cotton production has been declining in recent years;however,the high density planting system(HDPS)offers a viable method to enhance productivity by increasing plant populations per unit area,optimizing resource utilization,and facilitating machine picking.Cotton is an indeterminate plant that produce excessive vegeta-tive growth in favorable soil fertility and moisture conditions,which posing challenges for efficient machine picking.To address this issue,the application of plant growth retardants(PGRs)is essential for controlling canopy architecture.PGRs reduce internode elongation,promote regulated branching,and increase plant compactness,making cotton plants better suited for machine picking.PGRs application also optimizes photosynthates distribution between veg-etative and reproductive growth,resulting in higher yields and improved fibre quality.The integration of HDPS and PGRs applications results in an optimal plant architecture for improving machine picking efficiency.However,the success of this integration is determined by some factors,including cotton variety,environmental conditions,and geographical variations.These approaches not only address yield stagnation and labour shortages but also help to establish more effective and sustainable cotton farming practices,resulting in higher cotton productivity.
基金funded by the United Arab Emirates UniversityResearch Officegrant number 12F041 to KM。
文摘Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior cultivars.This review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in molecular plant production.Genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping methods for predictive plant breeding are briefly discussed.In this study,we explore contemporary molecular breeding techniques for producing desirable crop varieties.These techniques include cisgenesis,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR/Cas9)gene editing,haploid induction,and de novo domestication.We examine the speed breeding approach-a strategy for cultivating plants under controlled conditions.We further highlight the significance of modern breeding technologies in efficiently utilizing agricultural resources for crop production in urban areas.The deciphering of crop genomes has led to the development of extensive DNA markers,quantitative trait loci(QTLs),and pangenomes associated with various desirable crop traits.This shift to the genotypic selection of crops considerably expedites the plant breeding process.Based on the plant population used,the connection between genotypic and phenotypic data provides several genetic elements,including genes,markers,and alleles that can be used in genomic breeding and gene editing.The integration of speed breeding with genomic-assisted breeding and cutting-edge genome editing tools has made it feasible to rapidly manipulate and generate multiple crop cycles and accelerate the plant breeding process.Breakthroughs in molecular techniques have led to substantial improvements in modern breeding methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072048 and U2004204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1001200)+2 种基金China Rice Research Institute Basal Research Fund(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202404)Academician Workstation of National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Agricultural Academic Science(CAAS),(Grant Nos.YBXM2422 and YBXM2423)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,China.
文摘The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225032,32001192,32271597)+1 种基金the Innovation Base Project of Gansu Province(2021YFF0703904)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(24JRRA515,22JR5RA525,23JRRA1157).
文摘Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92367107)。
文摘Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.
文摘To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The inspection robot utilizes multiple sensors to monitor key parameters of the fans,such as vibration,noise,and bearing temperature,and upload the data to the monitoring center.The robot’s inspection path employs the improved A^(*)algorithm,incorporating obstacle penalty terms,path reconstruction,and smoothing optimization techniques,thereby achieving optimal path planning for the inspection robot in complex environments.Simulation results demonstrate that the improved A^(*)algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional A^(*)algorithm in terms of total path distance,smoothness,and detour rate,effectively improving the execution efficiency of inspection tasks.
基金supported by the Faculty Startup Fund from Jining Medical University,the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2023QC309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102236)。
文摘Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants,the MYB family significantly regulates plant secondary metabolism,including the biosynthetic pathways for phenylpropanoids,which are crucial for stress resistance.This review presents a comprehensive overview of MYB transcription factor classification and their regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolism and stress responses.We discuss the roles of MYB transcription factors in biotic stress resistance,such as defense against pathogens and pests,and in abiotic stress tolerance,including responses to drought and salinity.Special attention is given to the interactions of R2R3 MYB with other transcription factors and co-repressors,focusing on how these synergistic or antagonistic relationships modulate physiological processes.The multifunctional role of R2R3 MYBs in stress responses positions them as promising targets for enhancing crop resilience through genetic breeding.Furthermore,this review highlights potential applications of MYB transcription factors in developing stress-resistant crops and their utility in plant resistant breeding programs.
文摘Trichoderma strains possessing biological control functions have been used in agriculture against phytopathogens.Currently,only very few species of the genus were applied to or involved in plant disease control.Discovery of additional useful resources is desperately needed.In this study,biocontrol effect of Trichoderma vermifimicola strain TC467 was evaluated by dual confrontation culture,cellophane and two-compartment culture,pot experiments,and resistance to chemical fungicides.The results demonstrated that TC467 produced substances essential to phytopathogen control(including siderophore,xylanase and chitinase)and plant growth promoters(producing indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin).The strain displayed a high inhibition rate against Botrytis cinerea reaching 85.26%;and its non-volatile and volatile secondary metabolites showed the inhibition rates to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and B.cinerea as high as 84.67%and 47.62%,respectively.In pot experiments,comparing with untreated plants TC467 significantly enhanced the height and fresh weight of lettuce(Lactuca sativa var.ramosa)by 46.69%and 15.33%,respectively.Its fermentation broth effectively minimized the lettuce disease caused by B.cinerea with inhibition rate of 87.76%.In addition,the strain showed higher tolerance to hymexazol water-dispersible granule than that to other tested fungicides;at the concentration of 0.42 mg/L the growth rate of TC467 can even approach 98.19%.T.vermifimicola strain TC467 has the potential for practical application in biocontrol especially plant diseases caused by B.cinerea,which extends our knowledge of nature beneficial resources.
文摘This applied research seeks to explore feasible plant design for manufacturing insulation materials for construction projects using waste sheep fleece to address environmental issues related to wasted sheep wool and enhance the gross national product. The process starts by collecting low-cost sheep fleece from farms and processed via a production line, including scouring, plucking, carding, thermal bonding, and packing. The design process involves determining an optimal location, infrastructure, staffing, machinery, environmental impact, and utilities. A final economic analysis is undertaken to estimate the product’s cost, selling price, and break-even point based on the anticipated capital and operational costs. The plant is intended to process 6778 tons of sheep wool annually. The study suggests that Mafraq Industrial City is a perfect location for the plant, and purchasing land and structures is the optimal option. The projected capital cost is 1,416,679 USD, while the anticipated operational costs amount to 3,206,275 USD. Insulation material production is estimated to be 114,756 m3 annually. The material may be manufactured into 1 m wide, 0.05 m thick sheets for 2.02 USD per square meter. Thus, for a 10-year plant, a 2.47 USD/m2 selling price breaks even in one year.
文摘In light of the increasing recognition of the necessity to evaluate and mitigate the environmental impact of human activities, the aim of this study is to assess the greenhouse gases emitted in 2022 by the Kossodo thermal power plant as a consequence of its electricity production. The specific objective was to identify the emission sources and quantify the gases generated, with the purpose of proposing effective solutions for reducing the plant’s ecological footprint. In order to achieve the objectives set out in the study, the Bilan Carbone® method was employed. Following an analysis of the plant’s activities, seven emission items were identified as requiring further investigation. The data was gathered from the plant’s activity reports, along with measurements and questionnaires distributed to employees. The data collected was subjected to processing in order to produce the sought activity data. The Bilan Carbone® V7.1 spreadsheet was employed to convert the activity data into equivalent quantities of CO2. The full assessment indicates that the majority of the power plant’s emissions come from the combustion of HFO and DDO, accounting for 96.11% of the Kossodo power plant’s total GHG emissions in 2022. The plant produced 280,585,676 kilowatt-hours (kWh), resulting in emissions of 218,492.785 ± 10,924.639 tCO2e, which yielded an emission factor of 0.78 kgCO2e/kWh for the year 2022. In order to reduce this rate, recommendations for improved energy efficiency have been issued to management and all staff.
基金supported by the Central Government’s Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development(2024ZY-CGZY-19)。
文摘Observing plants across time and diverse scenes is critical in uncovering plant growth patterns.Classic methods often struggle to observe or measure plants against complex backgrounds and at different growth stages.This highlights the need for a universal approach capable of providing realistic plant visualizations across time and scene.Here,we introduce PlantGaussian,an approach for generating realistic three-dimensional(3D)visualization for plants across time and scenes.It marks one of the first applications of 3D Gaussian splatting techniques in plant science,achieving high-quality visualization across species and growth stages.By integrating the Segment Anything Model(SAM)and tracking algorithms,PlantGaussian overcomes the limitations of classic Gaussian reconstruction techniques in complex planting environments.A new mesh partitioning technique is employed to convert Gaussian rendering results into measurable plant meshes,offering a methodology for accurate 3D plant morphology phenotyping.To support this approach,PlantGaussian dataset is developed,which includes images of four crop species captured under multiple conditions and growth stages.Using only plant image sequences as input,it computes high-fidelity plant visualization models and 3D meshes for 3D plant morphological phenotyping.Visualization results indicate that most plant models achieve a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)exceeding 25,outperforming all models including the original 3D Gaussian Splatting and enhanced NeRF.The mesh results indicate an average relative error of 4%between the calculated values and the true measurements.As a generic 3D digital plant model,PlantGaussian will support expansion of plant phenotype databases,ecological research,and remote expert consultations.
