The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizin...The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizing the physical indexes,chemical compositions and rheological parameters.The experimental results show that the SBS pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin improve the dispersion performance of SBS in asphalt as well as the strength of SBS polymer network structures,and the synergistic effects decrease the volatilization degree of asphalt lightweight components and the degradation rate of SBS during the aging process.The anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt(SBSMA)was significantly enhanced by SBS pre-swelling/extraction process compounded with the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin,and the anti-aging effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of C9 petroleum resin content.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experimen...[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of total flavonoids as the index.A verification test was carried out.The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh.[Results]The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P.chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55%ethanol by reflux twice.Under this condition,the contents of total flavonoids were 3.63%,8.90%,11.28%,and 4.36%from stems,leaves,flowers and whole grass of P.chinense Pursh,respectively.[Conclusions]The process is reasonable,feasible and stable,and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh.The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh were quite different,and the value was higher in the leaves and flowers,so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P.chinense Pursh.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Wuteng Qufeng Zhitong Powder.[Methods]The orthogonal design was used to optimize the water extraction process with the amount of water,extraction time and extraction t...[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Wuteng Qufeng Zhitong Powder.[Methods]The orthogonal design was used to optimize the water extraction process with the amount of water,extraction time and extraction times as the factors,and the content of protocatechuic acid and dry extract rate as the indicators.The content of protocatechuic acid of Embelia parviflora Wall in Wuteng Qufeng Zhitong Powder was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process is:soaking for 0.5 h,adding water to decoct twice,adding 12 times of water for the first time,adding 10 times of water for the second time,decocting for 1 h each time.The average content of protocatechuic acid was 14.41 mg/g,and the average dry yield was 23.47%.[Conclusions]The preparation of Wuteng Qufeng Zhitong Powder by water extraction method has the characteristics of high efficiency and suitable for large-scale production.The quality control method is reliable,rapid and accurate,and can effectively control the quality of the lotion.展开更多
Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive us...Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.展开更多
With tomato paste as raw material, the optimal extraction process of phy- toene from tomato paste was explored by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single-factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal ex...With tomato paste as raw material, the optimal extraction process of phy- toene from tomato paste was explored by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single-factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction process for phytoene from tomato paste was as follows： extractant, acetone; solid to liquid ratio, 10：1; extraction time, 40 min; extraction temperature, 45 ℃. The developed extrac- tion process was stable, reasonable and feasible. Under the optimal extraction pro- cess, the extraction rate of phytoene reached 0.044 4%.展开更多
Almost 29.57–38.46 million tons of zinc-bearing dust were produced in Chinese iron and steel enterprises annually.The recovery of Zn and other metals in zinc-bearing dust from ironmaking and steelmaking could improve...Almost 29.57–38.46 million tons of zinc-bearing dust were produced in Chinese iron and steel enterprises annually.The recovery of Zn and other metals in zinc-bearing dust from ironmaking and steelmaking could improve economic efficiency.However,zinc-bearing dust was classified as hazardous waste,and the volatile metals(like Zn,Na,Pb,etc.)in zinc-bearing dust limited the direct reusing in a blast furnace.Therefore,the formation process,fundamental characteristics,and current extraction process of Zn from zinc-bearing dust,associated with thermodynamics and kinetics of the pyrometallurgical process,hydrometallurgical process,and pyro-hydrometallurgical process,were analyzed.It is indicated that industrialized pyrometallurgical processes are undergoing high energy consumption and pollution such as rotary kiln and rotary hearth furnace process.The vacuum carbothermal reduction process can realize low carbon emission and no waste produced in the process.The hydrometallurgical leaching processes in strong acid,strong alkali,and ammonium solutions result in serious liquid pollution and equipment corrosion.The pyrometallurgical process involves complex kinetics and lacks kinetic research on semi-industrialization and industrialization.Water-soluble components in zinc-bearing dust can be removed by water leaching.The kinetics of the strong acid leaching is mainly controlled by the leaching kinetics of Fe_(2)O_(3) and ZnFe_(2)O_(4),while the alkali leaching and weak acid leaching are controlled by the kinetics of ZnO leaching.Zn in the zincbearing dust can be extracted by a low-temperature sodium roasting–weak acid leaching process that reduces equipment corrosion and environmental pollution.展开更多
[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke total flavonoids( CPTF),and provide reference for its development and utilization. [Methods] Bas...[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke total flavonoids( CPTF),and provide reference for its development and utilization. [Methods] Based on single-factor test,ethanol concentration,extraction temperature and extraction time were taken as independent variables,and total flavonoids yield was taken as dependent variable. The test was conducted according to central composite design principle. Multivariate linear regression and binomial equation fitting of the result were conducted,and extraction process of CPTF was optimized by using response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal extraction process of CPTF was as below: ethanol concentration 54. 76%,extraction temperature 83. 92℃,extraction time 102. 64 min,solid-liquid ratio 1:20,extraction for twice. [Conclusions] The extraction process of CPTF by central composite design-response surface methodology was simple and feasible,with reliable prediction result,which was suitable for industrial production.展开更多
The extraction fraction E and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kka of TBP extracting butyric acid pro- cess in confined impinging jet reactors （CIJR） with two jets were investigated. The main variables t...The extraction fraction E and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kka of TBP extracting butyric acid pro- cess in confined impinging jet reactors （CIJR） with two jets were investigated. The main variables tested were the concentration of tri-butyl-phosphate （TBP） and butyric acid, the impinging velocity V, the impinging velocityratio of two phases Vorg/Vaq, the nozzle inner diameter di and the distance L between the jet axes and the top wall of the impinging chamber. The results showed that E and kLa increase with an increase of the impinging velocity V, the concentration ofTBP Corg, and the impinging velocity ratio Vor/Vaq. However, E and kta decrease with an increase of the inner diameter d1 from 1 to 2 mm, the concentration of butyric acid Caq from 0.5% （v/v） to 2% （v/v）. The factor L ranging from 3 to 11 mm has a negligible effect on E and kLa. A correlation on these variables and kLa was proposed based on the experimental data. These results indicated good mass transfer oerformance of CIJR in the extraction operation.展开更多
This paper reviewed various systems such as neutral phosphorus and acid phosphorus, carboxylic acid and amine extractant for solvent extraction chemistry of yttrium, including thermodynamics, kinetics and yttrium extr...This paper reviewed various systems such as neutral phosphorus and acid phosphorus, carboxylic acid and amine extractant for solvent extraction chemistry of yttrium, including thermodynamics, kinetics and yttrium extracting separation process containing the development course and new separation process.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with oil dissolution method. [ Method ] Small amounts of acetone or ethanol were separately added into soyb...[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with oil dissolution method. [ Method ] Small amounts of acetone or ethanol were separately added into soybean oil for astaxanthin extraction. The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with different methods was compared. [ Result] The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with acetone, acetone ＋ soybean oil, ethanol ＋ soybean oil, soybean oil was 20.46, 21.65, 20.85 mg/g and 13.05 mg/g, respectively. According to the results, acetone ＋ soybean oil led to the highest extraction rate, which was approximately twice that of soybean oil and higher than that of acetone. [ Conclusion ] This study laid the foundation for large-scale production of astaxanthin.展开更多
[Objective] To compare the extraction results of several different methods. [Method] The dietary fiber was extracted from sweet potato respectively by the sieve method, the enzymatic process and enzyme-alkali method. ...[Objective] To compare the extraction results of several different methods. [Method] The dietary fiber was extracted from sweet potato respectively by the sieve method, the enzymatic process and enzyme-alkali method. The extraction results of the three methods were optimized and compared. [Result] The extraction rate of dietary fiber by enzymatic method was the highest, which could reach 38% of total potato residue. The properties of dietary fiber extracted by the three methods were compared, the results indicated that the dietary fiber extracted by enzymatic method had good water-holding capacity, soil absorption and expansion. [Conclusion] The enzymatic method is the best for extracting dietary fiber from sweet potato.展开更多
With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal w...With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal water extraction process for Zihua Qinghuo Capsule. The determined extraction process was adding 8 times of water in five herbs including Viola philippica and decocting for 2 times, 1.5 h each time. Pilot scale test demonstrated that the selected process is stable and feasible, and could provide reliable reference for practical production.展开更多
A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three...A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three important factors, enzyme dosage, treatment time and treatment temperature are adapted to optimize the extraction process. The experimental results show that the extract yield of flos lonicerae and chlorogenic acid can be obviously increased by the cellulase treatment, 61.5 mg chlorogenic acid is obtained from 1.00 g flos lonicerae at most. The optimal temperature of enzymatic treatment is 40 50 ℃. Compared with the use of single cellulase, the combined treatment of cellulase and pectinase increase the extract yield obviously but fail to improve that of chlorogenic acid.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish a qualitative identification and content determination method for psoralen and bergapten in the roots and leaves of Ficus pandurata,and the multi-indicator scoring method to optimize the ethan...[Objectives]To establish a qualitative identification and content determination method for psoralen and bergapten in the roots and leaves of Ficus pandurata,and the multi-indicator scoring method to optimize the ethanol extraction process for the effective parts of F.pandurata.[Methods]Qualitative identification was carried out by thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and content determination was made by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC);the content of psoralen and bergapten and extract yield were used as indicators,to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction times on the ethanol extraction process of F.pandurata;multi-indicator scoring method was adopted,orthogonal test method was designed to optimize the extraction process,and verification test was performed.[Results]TLC chart of F.pandurata shows clear spots and good separation;the detected concentrations of psoralen and bergapten in the roots are in the range of 1.02-32.64μg/mL and shows a good linear relationship with the peak area(r=0.9997);these components have not been detected in the leaves,and the precision,RSD of stability and repeatability test is less than 2%;the average recovery rate was 99.8%-100.2%,and the RSD value is 1.12%-1.13%(n=6);the optimized extraction process is to use 50%ethanol as the extraction solvent,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10,reflux extraction of 3 times,and 1.5 h each time;the results of the three batches of verification tests show that the content of the two indicator components obtained is high,and the average value of the total amount is 0.34 mg/g(RSD=0.30%,n=3).[Conclusions]The established quality control method for F.pandurata is simple,easy,accurate and reproducible;the preferred extraction process is stable and feasible,suitable for the extraction and purification of coumarin effective parts in F.pandurata roots,so it is expected to provide references for further development of F.pandurata.展开更多
[Objectives] To establish a method for determining the content of Laggera alata( D. Don) Sch. Bip. Ex Oliv. using caffeic acid the target component,and to compare the content of caffeic acid in the medicinal materials...[Objectives] To establish a method for determining the content of Laggera alata( D. Don) Sch. Bip. Ex Oliv. using caffeic acid the target component,and to compare the content of caffeic acid in the medicinal materials of L. alata in different production areas of Guangxi.[Methods]The content was determined by Inertsil~ODS-3 chromatographic column C_(18)( 4. 60 mm × 250 mm,5 μm,mobile phase: acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid( 22∶ 78),detection wavelength: 320 nm,flow rate: 1. 0 m L/min,column temperature: 30℃,and injection volume: 10 μL. [Results] The caffeic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of injection volume of 0. 025 92-0. 259 2 μg( R =0. 999 5). The average recovery rate was 98. 33%( RSD = 1. 85%). L. alata in different production areas of Guangxi contained the caffeic acid,and there was a great difference in the caffeic acid. L. alata in Baise had the highest content of caffeic acid,while that in Guilin had the lowest content of caffeic acid. [Conclusions]This method can accurately determine the content of caffeic acid and is expected provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of herbal medicine L. alata.展开更多
This study is aimed to validate the extraction process of Isatis Radix. Using near infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography to determine the uridine, adenosine, guanosine contents in Isatis Rad...This study is aimed to validate the extraction process of Isatis Radix. Using near infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography to determine the uridine, adenosine, guanosine contents in Isatis Radix Solution, as well as NIR to monitor the extraction process. The results indicate that the existing extraction is optimized to extract thoroughly.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the extraction process and the content determination of flavonoids in ginkgo( Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves.[Methods]Ethanol extraction and methanol extraction of total flavono...[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the extraction process and the content determination of flavonoids in ginkgo( Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves.[Methods]Ethanol extraction and methanol extraction of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves were studied,and the optimal extraction conditions for flavonoids were determined by orthogonal test; and with quercetin as reference substance,total flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves was determined by UV spectrophotometry.[Results]The optimal extraction process was 4 h of Soxhlet extraction with methanol; and the total flavonoid contents had a good linear relation in the range of 0. 006 5-0. 039 mg/ml( R^2= 0. 999 9),the average content was stabilized at 1. 135%,and the average recovery of the method was 102. 0%. [Conclusions]This study selected the optimal extraction process for total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves. The test method is simple with high accuracy and precision,and is suitable for the extraction and determination of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,ex...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for total flavonoids in Primula sikkimensis Hook.[Methods]The effects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature,ultrasonic tim...[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for total flavonoids in Primula sikkimensis Hook.[Methods]The effects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature,ultrasonic time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids were investigated by single factor method,and the extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design.[Results]The optimal extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was ethanol volume fraction 45%,extraction time 29 min,extraction temperature 80℃,solid-to-liquid 1∶40(g/mL)and ultrasonic time 10 min.Under such conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was 3.09%.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process is simple and feasible,and is expected to provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis.展开更多
基金Fnded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3807202)the Key Research and Development Plan in Hubei Province of China(Nos.2022BCA082 and 2024BAB108)the Annual Research Project of China Railway Construction Corporation(No.2023-B03)。
文摘The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizing the physical indexes,chemical compositions and rheological parameters.The experimental results show that the SBS pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin improve the dispersion performance of SBS in asphalt as well as the strength of SBS polymer network structures,and the synergistic effects decrease the volatilization degree of asphalt lightweight components and the degradation rate of SBS during the aging process.The anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt(SBSMA)was significantly enhanced by SBS pre-swelling/extraction process compounded with the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin,and the anti-aging effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of C9 petroleum resin content.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province(2022YFS0436)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1738)+4 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Luzhou City(2021-JYJ-109,2023SYF120)Special Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020CP0029)Southwest Medical University-Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Base Project(2019-LH003)Open Subject of Luzhou Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Application Technology(HYJY-2106-B)Southwest Medical University Undergraduate Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202310632074).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of total flavonoids as the index.A verification test was carried out.The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh.[Results]The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P.chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55%ethanol by reflux twice.Under this condition,the contents of total flavonoids were 3.63%,8.90%,11.28%,and 4.36%from stems,leaves,flowers and whole grass of P.chinense Pursh,respectively.[Conclusions]The process is reasonable,feasible and stable,and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh.The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh were quite different,and the value was higher in the leaves and flowers,so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P.chinense Pursh.
基金Supported by Key R&D Project of Guangxi Science and Technology Department(Guike AB21196057)Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Self-funded Scientific Research Project(GXZYA20220155)+2 种基金National Old TCM Worker Inheritance Workroom Construction ProjectScientific Research Project of Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital(GZ2021004)High-level Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(zyyzdxk-2023165).
文摘[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Wuteng Qufeng Zhitong Powder.[Methods]The orthogonal design was used to optimize the water extraction process with the amount of water,extraction time and extraction times as the factors,and the content of protocatechuic acid and dry extract rate as the indicators.The content of protocatechuic acid of Embelia parviflora Wall in Wuteng Qufeng Zhitong Powder was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process is:soaking for 0.5 h,adding water to decoct twice,adding 12 times of water for the first time,adding 10 times of water for the second time,decocting for 1 h each time.The average content of protocatechuic acid was 14.41 mg/g,and the average dry yield was 23.47%.[Conclusions]The preparation of Wuteng Qufeng Zhitong Powder by water extraction method has the characteristics of high efficiency and suitable for large-scale production.The quality control method is reliable,rapid and accurate,and can effectively control the quality of the lotion.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Department(242102310530,242102310119,252102310498)the Zhumadian Science and Technology Innovation Youth Special Project(QNZX202413)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(LHGJ20241009,LHGJ20241006)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B180015,25B230006)。
文摘Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.
文摘With tomato paste as raw material, the optimal extraction process of phy- toene from tomato paste was explored by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single-factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction process for phytoene from tomato paste was as follows： extractant, acetone; solid to liquid ratio, 10：1; extraction time, 40 min; extraction temperature, 45 ℃. The developed extrac- tion process was stable, reasonable and feasible. Under the optimal extraction pro- cess, the extraction rate of phytoene reached 0.044 4%.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52064010)Outstanding Young Scientists and Technologists Program of Guizhou Province,China(Grant No.[2021]5644)+1 种基金the Key Nurturing Projects of Guizhou University(Grant No.[2019]07)the Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education([2022]041).
文摘Almost 29.57–38.46 million tons of zinc-bearing dust were produced in Chinese iron and steel enterprises annually.The recovery of Zn and other metals in zinc-bearing dust from ironmaking and steelmaking could improve economic efficiency.However,zinc-bearing dust was classified as hazardous waste,and the volatile metals(like Zn,Na,Pb,etc.)in zinc-bearing dust limited the direct reusing in a blast furnace.Therefore,the formation process,fundamental characteristics,and current extraction process of Zn from zinc-bearing dust,associated with thermodynamics and kinetics of the pyrometallurgical process,hydrometallurgical process,and pyro-hydrometallurgical process,were analyzed.It is indicated that industrialized pyrometallurgical processes are undergoing high energy consumption and pollution such as rotary kiln and rotary hearth furnace process.The vacuum carbothermal reduction process can realize low carbon emission and no waste produced in the process.The hydrometallurgical leaching processes in strong acid,strong alkali,and ammonium solutions result in serious liquid pollution and equipment corrosion.The pyrometallurgical process involves complex kinetics and lacks kinetic research on semi-industrialization and industrialization.Water-soluble components in zinc-bearing dust can be removed by water leaching.The kinetics of the strong acid leaching is mainly controlled by the leaching kinetics of Fe_(2)O_(3) and ZnFe_(2)O_(4),while the alkali leaching and weak acid leaching are controlled by the kinetics of ZnO leaching.Zn in the zincbearing dust can be extracted by a low-temperature sodium roasting–weak acid leaching process that reduces equipment corrosion and environmental pollution.
基金Supported by Special Item for Guangxi Bagui Scholars(Guicaijiaohan [2017]143)
文摘[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke total flavonoids( CPTF),and provide reference for its development and utilization. [Methods] Based on single-factor test,ethanol concentration,extraction temperature and extraction time were taken as independent variables,and total flavonoids yield was taken as dependent variable. The test was conducted according to central composite design principle. Multivariate linear regression and binomial equation fitting of the result were conducted,and extraction process of CPTF was optimized by using response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal extraction process of CPTF was as below: ethanol concentration 54. 76%,extraction temperature 83. 92℃,extraction time 102. 64 min,solid-liquid ratio 1:20,extraction for twice. [Conclusions] The extraction process of CPTF by central composite design-response surface methodology was simple and feasible,with reliable prediction result,which was suitable for industrial production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21206002,21376016)the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-Ch E-13A03)
文摘The extraction fraction E and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kka of TBP extracting butyric acid pro- cess in confined impinging jet reactors （CIJR） with two jets were investigated. The main variables tested were the concentration of tri-butyl-phosphate （TBP） and butyric acid, the impinging velocity V, the impinging velocityratio of two phases Vorg/Vaq, the nozzle inner diameter di and the distance L between the jet axes and the top wall of the impinging chamber. The results showed that E and kLa increase with an increase of the impinging velocity V, the concentration ofTBP Corg, and the impinging velocity ratio Vor/Vaq. However, E and kta decrease with an increase of the inner diameter d1 from 1 to 2 mm, the concentration of butyric acid Caq from 0.5% （v/v） to 2% （v/v）. The factor L ranging from 3 to 11 mm has a negligible effect on E and kLa. A correlation on these variables and kLa was proposed based on the experimental data. These results indicated good mass transfer oerformance of CIJR in the extraction operation.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(2006CB403302)
文摘This paper reviewed various systems such as neutral phosphorus and acid phosphorus, carboxylic acid and amine extractant for solvent extraction chemistry of yttrium, including thermodynamics, kinetics and yttrium extracting separation process containing the development course and new separation process.
基金Supported by Project of Yantai Huarong Biological Technology Co.,Ltd
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with oil dissolution method. [ Method ] Small amounts of acetone or ethanol were separately added into soybean oil for astaxanthin extraction. The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with different methods was compared. [ Result] The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with acetone, acetone ＋ soybean oil, ethanol ＋ soybean oil, soybean oil was 20.46, 21.65, 20.85 mg/g and 13.05 mg/g, respectively. According to the results, acetone ＋ soybean oil led to the highest extraction rate, which was approximately twice that of soybean oil and higher than that of acetone. [ Conclusion ] This study laid the foundation for large-scale production of astaxanthin.
文摘[Objective] To compare the extraction results of several different methods. [Method] The dietary fiber was extracted from sweet potato respectively by the sieve method, the enzymatic process and enzyme-alkali method. The extraction results of the three methods were optimized and compared. [Result] The extraction rate of dietary fiber by enzymatic method was the highest, which could reach 38% of total potato residue. The properties of dietary fiber extracted by the three methods were compared, the results indicated that the dietary fiber extracted by enzymatic method had good water-holding capacity, soil absorption and expansion. [Conclusion] The enzymatic method is the best for extracting dietary fiber from sweet potato.
基金Supported by Guiyang Science and Technology Planning Project(ZKHT[2017-4]21)
文摘With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal water extraction process for Zihua Qinghuo Capsule. The determined extraction process was adding 8 times of water in five herbs including Viola philippica and decocting for 2 times, 1.5 h each time. Pilot scale test demonstrated that the selected process is stable and feasible, and could provide reliable reference for practical production.
文摘A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three important factors, enzyme dosage, treatment time and treatment temperature are adapted to optimize the extraction process. The experimental results show that the extract yield of flos lonicerae and chlorogenic acid can be obviously increased by the cellulase treatment, 61.5 mg chlorogenic acid is obtained from 1.00 g flos lonicerae at most. The optimal temperature of enzymatic treatment is 40 50 ℃. Compared with the use of single cellulase, the combined treatment of cellulase and pectinase increase the extract yield obviously but fail to improve that of chlorogenic acid.
基金Major Medical and Health Project of Science and Technology Plan of Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province(2017B1006)Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(20182168).
文摘[Objectives]To establish a qualitative identification and content determination method for psoralen and bergapten in the roots and leaves of Ficus pandurata,and the multi-indicator scoring method to optimize the ethanol extraction process for the effective parts of F.pandurata.[Methods]Qualitative identification was carried out by thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and content determination was made by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC);the content of psoralen and bergapten and extract yield were used as indicators,to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction times on the ethanol extraction process of F.pandurata;multi-indicator scoring method was adopted,orthogonal test method was designed to optimize the extraction process,and verification test was performed.[Results]TLC chart of F.pandurata shows clear spots and good separation;the detected concentrations of psoralen and bergapten in the roots are in the range of 1.02-32.64μg/mL and shows a good linear relationship with the peak area(r=0.9997);these components have not been detected in the leaves,and the precision,RSD of stability and repeatability test is less than 2%;the average recovery rate was 99.8%-100.2%,and the RSD value is 1.12%-1.13%(n=6);the optimized extraction process is to use 50%ethanol as the extraction solvent,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10,reflux extraction of 3 times,and 1.5 h each time;the results of the three batches of verification tests show that the content of the two indicator components obtained is high,and the average value of the total amount is 0.34 mg/g(RSD=0.30%,n=3).[Conclusions]The established quality control method for F.pandurata is simple,easy,accurate and reproducible;the preferred extraction process is stable and feasible,suitable for the extraction and purification of coumarin effective parts in F.pandurata roots,so it is expected to provide references for further development of F.pandurata.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(81660701&81260673)Project of Guangxi Graduate Education Innovation(YJS201625)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation Project of Guangxi(2016GXNSFAA380148&2014GXNSFAA118208)Program of Key Laboratory for Purification and Quality Analysis of TCM Extraction in Guangxi Universities(Gui Jiao Ke Yan[2014]No.6)Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality Analysis in the Third Level Laboratory for Research of TCM(Zhuang)of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guo Zhong Yi Yao Fa[200]No.21)
文摘[Objectives] To establish a method for determining the content of Laggera alata( D. Don) Sch. Bip. Ex Oliv. using caffeic acid the target component,and to compare the content of caffeic acid in the medicinal materials of L. alata in different production areas of Guangxi.[Methods]The content was determined by Inertsil~ODS-3 chromatographic column C_(18)( 4. 60 mm × 250 mm,5 μm,mobile phase: acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid( 22∶ 78),detection wavelength: 320 nm,flow rate: 1. 0 m L/min,column temperature: 30℃,and injection volume: 10 μL. [Results] The caffeic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of injection volume of 0. 025 92-0. 259 2 μg( R =0. 999 5). The average recovery rate was 98. 33%( RSD = 1. 85%). L. alata in different production areas of Guangxi contained the caffeic acid,and there was a great difference in the caffeic acid. L. alata in Baise had the highest content of caffeic acid,while that in Guilin had the lowest content of caffeic acid. [Conclusions]This method can accurately determine the content of caffeic acid and is expected provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of herbal medicine L. alata.
文摘This study is aimed to validate the extraction process of Isatis Radix. Using near infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography to determine the uridine, adenosine, guanosine contents in Isatis Radix Solution, as well as NIR to monitor the extraction process. The results indicate that the existing extraction is optimized to extract thoroughly.
基金Supported by Guilin Science and Technology Bureau Project(20100305)Guangxi"2011 Collaborative Innovation Center"-Zhuang Yao Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center Project(G2013[20])Special Fund for Traditional Medical Science and Technology of Department of Public Health of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GZMZ1212)
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the extraction process and the content determination of flavonoids in ginkgo( Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves.[Methods]Ethanol extraction and methanol extraction of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves were studied,and the optimal extraction conditions for flavonoids were determined by orthogonal test; and with quercetin as reference substance,total flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves was determined by UV spectrophotometry.[Results]The optimal extraction process was 4 h of Soxhlet extraction with methanol; and the total flavonoid contents had a good linear relation in the range of 0. 006 5-0. 039 mg/ml( R^2= 0. 999 9),the average content was stabilized at 1. 135%,and the average recovery of the method was 102. 0%. [Conclusions]This study selected the optimal extraction process for total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves. The test method is simple with high accuracy and precision,and is suitable for the extraction and determination of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves.
基金Supported by Self-financed Scientific Research Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GXZYZ20210290)The First Batch of High-level Talent Research Project of Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities in 2019(Y20196311)Basic Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities in 2020(2020KY13034).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.
基金Supported by Project of Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine(18ZRYB04).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for total flavonoids in Primula sikkimensis Hook.[Methods]The effects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature,ultrasonic time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids were investigated by single factor method,and the extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design.[Results]The optimal extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was ethanol volume fraction 45%,extraction time 29 min,extraction temperature 80℃,solid-to-liquid 1∶40(g/mL)and ultrasonic time 10 min.Under such conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was 3.09%.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process is simple and feasible,and is expected to provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis.
