Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage se...Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.展开更多
Liquid crystal Pacharatnam-Berry phase optical elements(PBOEs)have found promising applications in augmented reality and virtual reality because of their slim formfactor,lightweight,and high optical efficiency.However...Liquid crystal Pacharatnam-Berry phase optical elements(PBOEs)have found promising applications in augmented reality and virtual reality because of their slim formfactor,lightweight,and high optical efficiency.However,chromatic aberration remains a serious longstanding problem for diffractive optics,hindering their broader adoption.To overcome the chromatic aberrations for red,green and blue(RGB)light sources,in this paper,we propose a counterintuitive multi-twist structure to achieve narrowband PBOEs without crosstalk,which plays a vital role to eliminate the chromatic aberration.The performance of our designed and fabricated narrowband Pacharatnam-Berry lenses(PBLs)aligns well with our simulation results.Furthermore,in a feasibility demonstration experiment using a laser projector,our proposed PBL system indeed exhibits a diminished chromatic aberration as compared to a broadband PBL.Additionally,polarization raytracing is implemented to demonstrate the versatility of the multi-twist structure for designing any RGB wavelengths with high contrast ratios.This analysis explores the feasibility of using RGB laser lines and quantum dot light-emitting diodes.Overall,our approach enables high optical efficiency,low fabrication complexity,and high degree of design freedom to accommodate any liquid crystal material and RGB light sources,holding immense potential for widespread applications of achromatic PBOEs.展开更多
As a new type of production factor in healthcare,healthcare data elements have been rapidly integrated into various health production processes,such as clinical assistance,health management,biological testing,and oper...As a new type of production factor in healthcare,healthcare data elements have been rapidly integrated into various health production processes,such as clinical assistance,health management,biological testing,and operation and supervision[1,2].Healthcare data elements include biolog.ical and clinical data that are related to disease,environ-mental health data that are associated with life,and operational and healthcare management data that are related to healthcare activities(Figure 1).Activities such as the construction of a data value assessment system,the devel-opment of a data circulation and sharing platform,and the authorization of data compliance and operation products support the strong growth momentum of the market for health care data elements in China[3].展开更多
In this paper,potent index of an element and pseudo clean rings are considered.Some properties and examples of pseudo clean rings are given.We also show that Zm is pseudo clean for every 2≤m∈Z and pseudo clean rings...In this paper,potent index of an element and pseudo clean rings are considered.Some properties and examples of pseudo clean rings are given.We also show that Zm is pseudo clean for every 2≤m∈Z and pseudo clean rings are clean.Furthermore,we prove pseudo clean rings are directly finite and have stable range one.展开更多
The cobalt-free Mn-based Li-rich layered oxide material has the advantages of low cost,high energy density,and good performance at low temperatures,and is the promising choice for energy storage batteries.However,the ...The cobalt-free Mn-based Li-rich layered oxide material has the advantages of low cost,high energy density,and good performance at low temperatures,and is the promising choice for energy storage batteries.However,the long-cycling stability of batteries needs to be improved.Herein,the Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials with small amounts of Li2 MnO3 crystal domains and gradient doping of Al and Ti elements from the surface to the bulk have been developed to improve the structure and interface stability.Then the batteries with a high energy density of 600 Wh kg^(-1),excellent capacity retention of 99.7%with low voltage decay of 0.03 mV cycle^(-1) after 800 cycles,and good rates performances can be achieved.Therefore,the structure and cycling stability of low voltage Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials can be significantly improved by the bulk structure design and interface regulation,and this work has paved the way for developing low-cost and high-energy Mn-based energy storage batteries with long lifetime.展开更多
Cu–Ni and Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic films were constructed on the surface of B10 copper–nickel alloy welded joints using a two-step process of electrodeposition and stearic acid modification.The chemical compositi...Cu–Ni and Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic films were constructed on the surface of B10 copper–nickel alloy welded joints using a two-step process of electrodeposition and stearic acid modification.The chemical composition of the film surface was determined using surface characterization techniques.The corrosion resistance of the films was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization,and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy at multiple scales.The thermal stability,mechanical stability,and self-cleaning properties of the films were also characterized.It was determined that the Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic film exhibited the best performance,with a static water contact angle of 159.3°,a roll-off angle of 2.3°,a charge transfer resistance 3300 times higher than the substrate,a self-corrosion current density nearly three orders of magnitude lower,and a surface Kelvin potential increase of 420 mV.The film demonstrated good thermal stability,excellent mechanical stability,and outstanding self-cleaning properties.Combining with previous studies,it was found that Co elements in the film contribute to the formation of a uniform and dense film,Ni elements enhance the adhesion and corrosion resistance between the films,and the combination of Co and Ni elements promotes uniform surface potential and further improves the corrosion resistance and interfilm adhesion of the films.展开更多
This work focused on determining the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, carbon and nitrogen) and trace metal elements (TMEs) content (As, Sb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn) of soils in the Brazzaville city. Soil samples w...This work focused on determining the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, carbon and nitrogen) and trace metal elements (TMEs) content (As, Sb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn) of soils in the Brazzaville city. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 20 cm using a hand auger on both banks of five tributaries of the Congo River (Djoué, Mfilou, Mfoa, Tsiémé, Djiri) that flow through the city of Brazzaville. 90 sampling points were defined, with 3 points 250 m apart on the banks and located, for each river, at three sites: upstream, midstream and downstream. Finally, 15 composite samples representative of the study area were taken. The average pH values of the water varied between 6.5 and 7.5. These pH values show that the soils studied are neutral. Total carbon content varied between 0.7% (Djiri) and 1.6% (Djoué). Total nitrogen content ranged from 0.08% (Djiri) to 0.12% (Djoué). TMEs contents varied from 0.5 to 1.8 mg/kg for Sb, from 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg for As, from 0.1 to 0.18 mg/kg for Cd, from 4.2 to 11.3 mg/kg for Cr, from 0.07 to 0.27 mg/kg for Hg, from 0.7 to 2.4 mg/kg for Ni, from 0 to 158 mg/kg for Pb and from 16 to 105 mg/kg for Zn. The lowest TMEs levels were observed in the soils of the Djiri river, while the highest levels were observed in the soils of the Djoué and Tsiémé rivers. The ANOVA and Bonferroni test did not show significant differences in the means of the parameters measured (p > 0.05). The TMEs levels were below the accepted standards (NF U44-041), with the exception of Pb, which had high levels downstream of the Djoué. According to the pollution index values calculated using soil TME content, the soils on the banks of the Djoué river are considered polluted, while those on the banks of the Tsiémé river are moderately polluted, those on the banks of the Mfoa and Mfilou rivers are slightly polluted, and the soils on the banks of Djiri river are unpolluted.展开更多
The presence of inorganic constituents in coal is controlled by different geological factors,which,in turn,affect the technological,environmental,and health impacts of the coal.The main aim of this study is to objecti...The presence of inorganic constituents in coal is controlled by different geological factors,which,in turn,affect the technological,environmental,and health impacts of the coal.The main aim of this study is to objectively assess the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of a thickest low-rank coal seam in the Lower Indus Basin southeastern Pakistan,and further investigate different controlling factors.The analytical results of major oxides,trace elements,and rare earth elements revealed that the weathering conditions were progressively variable and moderate.The sediment source,mainly of felsic and intermediate composition,was dominated by granitic rocks.The geochemical assessment reveals different depositional factors like marine environment influenced,while transitional and freshwater sediments influenced the center of the coal peat mire.Strontium,Zinc,and several hazardous trace elements,including Cu,Ni,Cr,and Co,have higher concentrations in these coals compared to world low-rank,U.S.,and Chinese coals.The relatively higher concentration of Sr in the thick coal seam in the Lower Indus Basin,compared to other coals seams in Pakistan and the enrichment of Sr was primarily controlled by the denudation of crystalline rocks and marine influx in the coal-basin.The REY distribution pattern showed that enrichment of medium and heavy rare earth elements is higher than light rare earth elements in the coal seam.The Gd distribution pattern in the coal seam demonstrated that strong positive anomalies had a good affinity with paleo-acidic water concentration in the study area.The higher concentration of Sr and other elements enables a better assessment understanding of the coal geochemical history.展开更多
Under the starry night,a fashion extravaganza was staged in Lhasa.The Fashion Night is a local fashion show in Xizang combining tradition and innovation as well as modernity and international flavor.By providing them ...Under the starry night,a fashion extravaganza was staged in Lhasa.The Fashion Night is a local fashion show in Xizang combining tradition and innovation as well as modernity and international flavor.By providing them with opportunities to present their art works to more audiences,it built a platform for young Tibetan designers for their careers to take root and blossom on the plateau.It is also aimed to bring more people to pay attention to the fashion culture of Xizang,and infuse new vitality into the development of local fashion industry.展开更多
The data production elements are driving profound transformations in the real economy across production objects,methods,and tools,generating significant economic effects such as industrial structure upgrading.This pap...The data production elements are driving profound transformations in the real economy across production objects,methods,and tools,generating significant economic effects such as industrial structure upgrading.This paper aims to reveal the impact mechanism of the data elements on the“three transformations”(high-end,intelligent,and green)in the manufacturing sector,theoretically elucidating the intrinsic mechanisms by which the data elements influence these transformations.The study finds that the data elements significantly enhance the high-end,intelligent,and green levels of China's manufacturing industry.In terms of the pathways of impact,the data elements primarily influence the development of high-tech industries and overall green technological innovation,thereby affecting the high-end,intelligent,and green transformation of the industry.展开更多
In this paper,core samples from the Well LS33 in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB)in the South China Sea were selected and analyzed by group(authigenic carbonate and terrigenous detritus)to obtain th...In this paper,core samples from the Well LS33 in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB)in the South China Sea were selected and analyzed by group(authigenic carbonate and terrigenous detritus)to obtain the contents of rare earth elements(REE)to explore the degree of preservation of paleo-seawater information by carbonate components and elucidate the provenance relationship between the QDNB and the Yinggehai Basin and the provenance changes in the deep-water area of the QDNB since the Oligocene.The main achievements of this paper are as follows:(1)In the process of extracting the autogenic carbonate,the iron-manganese oxide envelope on the surface of the sediment particles(which can adsorb REE or its complexes in seawater)will partially dissolve into the autogenic carbonate components,thus covering the REE geochem-ical information of paleo-seawater carried by the auto-genic carbonate.Therefore,caution should be exercised when using the geochemical characteristics of REE in the carbonate component of impure carbonate rocks to reflect the sedimentary paleoenvironment.(2)The analysis of the REE geochemical characteristics of multiple cores in the Ying-gehai-QDNB shows that there is a close provenance rela-tionship between the two Basins.The sediments in the central depression area of the Yinggehai Basin and the deep-water area in the western part of the QDNB generally contain more feldspar(Eu-rich)minerals.Since the Eocene,paleo-rivers have carried ultramafic-mafic materials originating from the western South China Sea into the sea.Affected by the transport distance and sea level changes,the content of feldspar(Eu-rich)minerals in the sediments of the QDNB from west to east gradually decreased.展开更多
The microstructure,soft magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Fe_(83)B_(9)C_(6)X_(2)(X=C,Si,Ge,Sn;i.e.,IVA elements)amorphous alloys were systematically investigated.As the atomic mass of the IVA elements(M_...The microstructure,soft magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Fe_(83)B_(9)C_(6)X_(2)(X=C,Si,Ge,Sn;i.e.,IVA elements)amorphous alloys were systematically investigated.As the atomic mass of the IVA elements(M_(IVA))increased,the saturation magnetization(B_(s))and gyromagnetic ratio(γ)followed a non-monotonic trend.They first increased and then decreased,showing an inverse correlation with the change in their inter-atomic characteristic distance(δ_(c)).The highest B_(s)(1.76 T)and y were observed with a minor addition of Ge.Simultaneously,the corrosion potential(E_(corr)),wetting angle(θ_(w)),permeability(μ),and relaxation rate(ω_(r))initially decreased and then increased.Si addition led to the lowest corrosion resistance,the smallest permeability,and the highest coercivity(H_(c)).This is due to precipitated crystallites and induced structural heterogeneity.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis revealed that Ge doping enhanced structural homogeneity and cluster alignment,contributing to its superior soft magnetic performance.These findings are conducive to developing new low-cost Fe-based amorphous alloys with excellent soft magnetic properties.展开更多
Rare earth elements(REEs)play a crucial role in many technologies from daily appliances in cell phones to more advanced wind turbines and electric cars.Permanent magnets account for a quarter of total global REEs prod...Rare earth elements(REEs)play a crucial role in many technologies from daily appliances in cell phones to more advanced wind turbines and electric cars.Permanent magnets account for a quarter of total global REEs production and have high recycling value.In this study,smelting process was used to selectively oxidize REEs in the permanent magnets by adding Fe_(2)O_(3).This separates REEs into a slag phase from an iron-rich metallic phase.B_(2)O_(3) was also added to the system as a flux to lower the slag melting temperature.This minimizes REEs loss to the metallic phase and allows a more efficient phase separation.The effect of flux and oxidizing agent addition was investigated on both regular and cerium-rich NdFeB(NdCeFeB)magnets.At 1350℃and for 1 h,the slag phase was successfully separated from the metallic phase with the addition of 0.8 stoichiometric amount of Fe_(2)O_(3) and 40 wt%of B_(2)O_(3).Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX)analysis reveals that REEs in the magnet do not migrate to the metal phase while the REE-rich slag phase contains almost no iron.After the selective removal of iron into the metallic phase,REEs are recovered from the slag phase through an acid leaching process allowing>99%of REEs recovery.Boron in the magnet can also be recovered as useful boric acid by evaporation and crystallisation technique.The proposed process in this study is reagent and energy-efficient with almost complete valorisation of both NdCeFeB and NdFeB magnets.展开更多
Rare earth elements(REEs),with their unique magnetic,optical,and electrical properties,have become indispensable strategic resources.Widely applied in critical fields such as aviation,telecommunications,electronics,en...Rare earth elements(REEs),with their unique magnetic,optical,and electrical properties,have become indispensable strategic resources.Widely applied in critical fields such as aviation,telecommunications,electronics,energy,transportation,and medicine,REEs play a vital role in advancing technology and driving social and economic development.However,the REE industry faces numerous challenges,including unbalanced resource distribution,supply and demand imbalances,international competition,technological limitations,and associated environmental pollution.This paper,incorporating both the historical evolution and current state of the REE industry,provides a comprehensive examination of the chemistry,applications,resources,technologies,challenges,and prospects of REEs.Specifically,it analyzes China's REE industry,which holds the largest global reserves and production capacity.As a key feature,this paper introduces the Tai Chi model for sustainable development in the REE industry,offering an in-depth analysis of two primary approaches—mining and recycling;the four critical participants—governments,enterprises,researchers,and consumers;and the eight essential influencing factors—resources,energy,environment,policy,applications,technology,supply and demand,and economy.The Tai Chi model not only clarifies the responsibilities and significance of each individual but also highlights their interconnectedness,providing a compelling framework for envisioning the sustainable development of the REE industry.Moreover,the paper identifies the major challenges currently facing the industry and offers insights into the future development of REEs.As such,this work contributes to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted REE landscape and underscores the importance of sustainable practices to ensure REEs'lasting positive impact on the global industry.展开更多
Quartz trace elements are extensively employed in studying magmatic evolution,fluid evolution,and metal enrichment.The Bianjiadayuan Ag-Pb-Zn-Sn deposit is a typical magmatichydrothermal system in northeastern China,h...Quartz trace elements are extensively employed in studying magmatic evolution,fluid evolution,and metal enrichment.The Bianjiadayuan Ag-Pb-Zn-Sn deposit is a typical magmatichydrothermal system in northeastern China,however,studies on its complex magmatic-hydrothermal evolution are limited.This study investigates the quartz from the Bianjiadayuan deposit to gain insight into the physicochemical evolution of mineralization using cathodoluminescence(CL)textures and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of quartz.Five types quartz(Q1 to Q5)were identified.From Q1 in quartz porphyry to Q5 in Ag-Pb-Zn veins,the CL intensity and Ti content gradually decreases,and Ge,Ge/Ti,and Al/Ti ratios increase,indicating a temperature decline from magmatic to hydrothermal stages.The Sb content shows an opposite trend to Ti content,correlating positively with Ge content in quartz,suggesting that Sb content could also be temperature-dependent.These trace elements in quartz indicate cooling is critical for Ag mineralization.Furthermore,quartz phenocryst(Q1)from the quartz porphyry shows low Al/Ti(mostly<4)and Ge/Ti ratios(<0.04),suggesting a low degree of magmatic evolution.The Sb content in Q5 from Ag-Pb-Zn-quartz veins(>1 ppm,mostly tens of ppm)is notably higher compared to quartz in other lithologies including Sn-bearing quartz veins(<1 ppm),suggesting that Sb contents can serve as an effective indicator of Ag mineralization.展开更多
This article explores the characteristics of data resources from the perspective of production factors,analyzes the demand for trustworthy circulation technology,designs a fusion architecture and related solutions,inc...This article explores the characteristics of data resources from the perspective of production factors,analyzes the demand for trustworthy circulation technology,designs a fusion architecture and related solutions,including multi-party data intersection calculation,distributed machine learning,etc.It also compares performance differences,conducts formal verification,points out the value and limitations of architecture innovation,and looks forward to future opportunities.展开更多
This paper explores the development of interpretable data elements from raw data using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks(KAN).With the exponential growth of data in contemporary society,there is an urgent need for effective ...This paper explores the development of interpretable data elements from raw data using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks(KAN).With the exponential growth of data in contemporary society,there is an urgent need for effective data processing methods to unlock the full potential of this resource.The study focuses on the application of KAN in the transportation sector to transform raw traffic data into meaningful data elements.The core of the research is the KANT-GCN model,which synergizes Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks(T-GCN).This innovative model demonstrates superior performance in predicting traffic speeds,outperforming existing methods in terms of accuracy,reliability,and interpretability.The model was evaluated using real-world datasets from Shenzhen,Los Angeles,and the San Francisco Bay Area,showing significant improvements in different metrics.The paper highlights the potential of KAN-T-GCN to revolutionize data-driven decision-making in traffic management and other sectors,underscoring its ability to handle dynamic updates and maintain data integrity.展开更多
This article addresses the question of how the global and U.S.market sector allocations for rare earth elements compare.Accordingly,this article reports rare earth oxide(REO)market sector allocations,resolved by eleme...This article addresses the question of how the global and U.S.market sector allocations for rare earth elements compare.Accordingly,this article reports rare earth oxide(REO)market sector allocations,resolved by elemental profile for 2020 and reciprocally REO consumption resolved by end market use.Differences are calculated relative to 2008 and presented as percentages and as absolute tonnage.These differences encompass both changes in relative sector demand and growth rate.Historical trends,global and U.S.for REO usage by sector are calculated for the period of 2018-2022.End market sector demands,as percentages are presented,referenced to United States Geological Survey(USGS)values from 2008.Attention is given to permanent magnets and associated elements given the growing renewable generation and vehicle electrification.The criticality of Nd and Dy are considered given that they are the foundation of NdFeB permanent magnets,prominent in electric vehicle traction motors and direct drive wind turbine generators.Economic activity associated with REE market sectors is presented.Notably usage does not reflect economic value.A prime example are catalysts versus magnets.Last,vast reserves of light and heavy REEs exist in coal and coal-byproducts with potential high impact upon critical REEs and associated economics.展开更多
In the production and life of ancient Chinese folk artists,through the abstract and geometric arrangement of things,they formed many meaningful patterns.These patterns are widely used in a variety of decorations,refle...In the production and life of ancient Chinese folk artists,through the abstract and geometric arrangement of things,they formed many meaningful patterns.These patterns are widely used in a variety of decorations,reflecting the most simple artistic ideas in the life of the working people,and are also an important embodiment of folk art aesthetics.Many elements of folk patterns have been preserved to this day,and they have an important role in inspiring and guiding today’s art design.This paper mainly analyzes the folk pattern elements and their artistic value,and elaborates on the application of folk pattern elements in architectural design and the specific design methods,to provide certain references for the combination of modern architectural design and traditional folk patterns.展开更多
Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability.However,the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorl...Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability.However,the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorly explored.This study generated a diploid genome assembly for the golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus),a species distinguished by the vibrant plumage of males.Each haploid genome assembly included complete chromosomalmodels,incorporatingall microchromosomes.Analysis revealed extensive tandem amplification of immune-related genes across the smallest microchromosomes(dot chromosomes),with an average copy number of 54.Structural variation between the haploid genomes was primarily shaped by large insertions and deletions(indels),with minimal contributions from inversions or duplications.Approximately 28%of these large indels were associated with recent insertions of transposable elements,despite their typically low activity in bird genomes.Evidence for significant effects of transposable elements on gene expression was minimal.Evolutionary strata on the sex chromosomes were identified,along with a drastic rearrangement of the W chromosome.These analyses of the high-quality diploid genome of the golden pheasant provide valuable insights into the evolutionary patterns of structural variation in avian genomes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.61932008Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, No.21ZR1403200 (both to JC)。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.
基金supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2806803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075127).
文摘Liquid crystal Pacharatnam-Berry phase optical elements(PBOEs)have found promising applications in augmented reality and virtual reality because of their slim formfactor,lightweight,and high optical efficiency.However,chromatic aberration remains a serious longstanding problem for diffractive optics,hindering their broader adoption.To overcome the chromatic aberrations for red,green and blue(RGB)light sources,in this paper,we propose a counterintuitive multi-twist structure to achieve narrowband PBOEs without crosstalk,which plays a vital role to eliminate the chromatic aberration.The performance of our designed and fabricated narrowband Pacharatnam-Berry lenses(PBLs)aligns well with our simulation results.Furthermore,in a feasibility demonstration experiment using a laser projector,our proposed PBL system indeed exhibits a diminished chromatic aberration as compared to a broadband PBL.Additionally,polarization raytracing is implemented to demonstrate the versatility of the multi-twist structure for designing any RGB wavelengths with high contrast ratios.This analysis explores the feasibility of using RGB laser lines and quantum dot light-emitting diodes.Overall,our approach enables high optical efficiency,low fabrication complexity,and high degree of design freedom to accommodate any liquid crystal material and RGB light sources,holding immense potential for widespread applications of achromatic PBOEs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 72474022,71974011,72174022,71972012,71874009)"BIT think tank"Promotion Plan of Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing Institute of Technology(Grants 2024CX14017,2023CX13029).
文摘As a new type of production factor in healthcare,healthcare data elements have been rapidly integrated into various health production processes,such as clinical assistance,health management,biological testing,and operation and supervision[1,2].Healthcare data elements include biolog.ical and clinical data that are related to disease,environ-mental health data that are associated with life,and operational and healthcare management data that are related to healthcare activities(Figure 1).Activities such as the construction of a data value assessment system,the devel-opment of a data circulation and sharing platform,and the authorization of data compliance and operation products support the strong growth momentum of the market for health care data elements in China[3].
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12301041)。
文摘In this paper,potent index of an element and pseudo clean rings are considered.Some properties and examples of pseudo clean rings are given.We also show that Zm is pseudo clean for every 2≤m∈Z and pseudo clean rings are clean.Furthermore,we prove pseudo clean rings are directly finite and have stable range one.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB2404400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20577,52372168,92263206 and 21975006)+1 种基金the“The Youth Beijing Scholars program”(No.PXM2021_014204_000023)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2222001 and KM202110005009).
文摘The cobalt-free Mn-based Li-rich layered oxide material has the advantages of low cost,high energy density,and good performance at low temperatures,and is the promising choice for energy storage batteries.However,the long-cycling stability of batteries needs to be improved.Herein,the Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials with small amounts of Li2 MnO3 crystal domains and gradient doping of Al and Ti elements from the surface to the bulk have been developed to improve the structure and interface stability.Then the batteries with a high energy density of 600 Wh kg^(-1),excellent capacity retention of 99.7%with low voltage decay of 0.03 mV cycle^(-1) after 800 cycles,and good rates performances can be achieved.Therefore,the structure and cycling stability of low voltage Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials can be significantly improved by the bulk structure design and interface regulation,and this work has paved the way for developing low-cost and high-energy Mn-based energy storage batteries with long lifetime.
基金fnancial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42176209)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021MD064).
文摘Cu–Ni and Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic films were constructed on the surface of B10 copper–nickel alloy welded joints using a two-step process of electrodeposition and stearic acid modification.The chemical composition of the film surface was determined using surface characterization techniques.The corrosion resistance of the films was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization,and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy at multiple scales.The thermal stability,mechanical stability,and self-cleaning properties of the films were also characterized.It was determined that the Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic film exhibited the best performance,with a static water contact angle of 159.3°,a roll-off angle of 2.3°,a charge transfer resistance 3300 times higher than the substrate,a self-corrosion current density nearly three orders of magnitude lower,and a surface Kelvin potential increase of 420 mV.The film demonstrated good thermal stability,excellent mechanical stability,and outstanding self-cleaning properties.Combining with previous studies,it was found that Co elements in the film contribute to the formation of a uniform and dense film,Ni elements enhance the adhesion and corrosion resistance between the films,and the combination of Co and Ni elements promotes uniform surface potential and further improves the corrosion resistance and interfilm adhesion of the films.
文摘This work focused on determining the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, carbon and nitrogen) and trace metal elements (TMEs) content (As, Sb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn) of soils in the Brazzaville city. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 20 cm using a hand auger on both banks of five tributaries of the Congo River (Djoué, Mfilou, Mfoa, Tsiémé, Djiri) that flow through the city of Brazzaville. 90 sampling points were defined, with 3 points 250 m apart on the banks and located, for each river, at three sites: upstream, midstream and downstream. Finally, 15 composite samples representative of the study area were taken. The average pH values of the water varied between 6.5 and 7.5. These pH values show that the soils studied are neutral. Total carbon content varied between 0.7% (Djiri) and 1.6% (Djoué). Total nitrogen content ranged from 0.08% (Djiri) to 0.12% (Djoué). TMEs contents varied from 0.5 to 1.8 mg/kg for Sb, from 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg for As, from 0.1 to 0.18 mg/kg for Cd, from 4.2 to 11.3 mg/kg for Cr, from 0.07 to 0.27 mg/kg for Hg, from 0.7 to 2.4 mg/kg for Ni, from 0 to 158 mg/kg for Pb and from 16 to 105 mg/kg for Zn. The lowest TMEs levels were observed in the soils of the Djiri river, while the highest levels were observed in the soils of the Djoué and Tsiémé rivers. The ANOVA and Bonferroni test did not show significant differences in the means of the parameters measured (p > 0.05). The TMEs levels were below the accepted standards (NF U44-041), with the exception of Pb, which had high levels downstream of the Djoué. According to the pollution index values calculated using soil TME content, the soils on the banks of the Djoué river are considered polluted, while those on the banks of the Tsiémé river are moderately polluted, those on the banks of the Mfoa and Mfilou rivers are slightly polluted, and the soils on the banks of Djiri river are unpolluted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,funding numbers 41690131,41572327,51874280 and 5264015.
文摘The presence of inorganic constituents in coal is controlled by different geological factors,which,in turn,affect the technological,environmental,and health impacts of the coal.The main aim of this study is to objectively assess the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of a thickest low-rank coal seam in the Lower Indus Basin southeastern Pakistan,and further investigate different controlling factors.The analytical results of major oxides,trace elements,and rare earth elements revealed that the weathering conditions were progressively variable and moderate.The sediment source,mainly of felsic and intermediate composition,was dominated by granitic rocks.The geochemical assessment reveals different depositional factors like marine environment influenced,while transitional and freshwater sediments influenced the center of the coal peat mire.Strontium,Zinc,and several hazardous trace elements,including Cu,Ni,Cr,and Co,have higher concentrations in these coals compared to world low-rank,U.S.,and Chinese coals.The relatively higher concentration of Sr in the thick coal seam in the Lower Indus Basin,compared to other coals seams in Pakistan and the enrichment of Sr was primarily controlled by the denudation of crystalline rocks and marine influx in the coal-basin.The REY distribution pattern showed that enrichment of medium and heavy rare earth elements is higher than light rare earth elements in the coal seam.The Gd distribution pattern in the coal seam demonstrated that strong positive anomalies had a good affinity with paleo-acidic water concentration in the study area.The higher concentration of Sr and other elements enables a better assessment understanding of the coal geochemical history.
文摘Under the starry night,a fashion extravaganza was staged in Lhasa.The Fashion Night is a local fashion show in Xizang combining tradition and innovation as well as modernity and international flavor.By providing them with opportunities to present their art works to more audiences,it built a platform for young Tibetan designers for their careers to take root and blossom on the plateau.It is also aimed to bring more people to pay attention to the fashion culture of Xizang,and infuse new vitality into the development of local fashion industry.
文摘The data production elements are driving profound transformations in the real economy across production objects,methods,and tools,generating significant economic effects such as industrial structure upgrading.This paper aims to reveal the impact mechanism of the data elements on the“three transformations”(high-end,intelligent,and green)in the manufacturing sector,theoretically elucidating the intrinsic mechanisms by which the data elements influence these transformations.The study finds that the data elements significantly enhance the high-end,intelligent,and green levels of China's manufacturing industry.In terms of the pathways of impact,the data elements primarily influence the development of high-tech industries and overall green technological innovation,thereby affecting the high-end,intelligent,and green transformation of the industry.
基金supported by The National Science and Technology Major Project under contract(No.2011ZX05025-002-03)The Project of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)Limited under contract(No.CCL2013ZJFNO729)The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract(No.41530963)。
文摘In this paper,core samples from the Well LS33 in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB)in the South China Sea were selected and analyzed by group(authigenic carbonate and terrigenous detritus)to obtain the contents of rare earth elements(REE)to explore the degree of preservation of paleo-seawater information by carbonate components and elucidate the provenance relationship between the QDNB and the Yinggehai Basin and the provenance changes in the deep-water area of the QDNB since the Oligocene.The main achievements of this paper are as follows:(1)In the process of extracting the autogenic carbonate,the iron-manganese oxide envelope on the surface of the sediment particles(which can adsorb REE or its complexes in seawater)will partially dissolve into the autogenic carbonate components,thus covering the REE geochem-ical information of paleo-seawater carried by the auto-genic carbonate.Therefore,caution should be exercised when using the geochemical characteristics of REE in the carbonate component of impure carbonate rocks to reflect the sedimentary paleoenvironment.(2)The analysis of the REE geochemical characteristics of multiple cores in the Ying-gehai-QDNB shows that there is a close provenance rela-tionship between the two Basins.The sediments in the central depression area of the Yinggehai Basin and the deep-water area in the western part of the QDNB generally contain more feldspar(Eu-rich)minerals.Since the Eocene,paleo-rivers have carried ultramafic-mafic materials originating from the western South China Sea into the sea.Affected by the transport distance and sea level changes,the content of feldspar(Eu-rich)minerals in the sediments of the QDNB from west to east gradually decreased.
基金financially supported by the key research and development program of China(No.2022YFB2404100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971093,52171158 and 52101196)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of Shandong Marine Aerospace Equipment Technological Innovation Center(Ludong University)(No.MAETIC2021-11)the key research and development program of Shandong Province(Nos.2021ZLGX01,2022CXGC020308 and 2023CXGC010308)
文摘The microstructure,soft magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Fe_(83)B_(9)C_(6)X_(2)(X=C,Si,Ge,Sn;i.e.,IVA elements)amorphous alloys were systematically investigated.As the atomic mass of the IVA elements(M_(IVA))increased,the saturation magnetization(B_(s))and gyromagnetic ratio(γ)followed a non-monotonic trend.They first increased and then decreased,showing an inverse correlation with the change in their inter-atomic characteristic distance(δ_(c)).The highest B_(s)(1.76 T)and y were observed with a minor addition of Ge.Simultaneously,the corrosion potential(E_(corr)),wetting angle(θ_(w)),permeability(μ),and relaxation rate(ω_(r))initially decreased and then increased.Si addition led to the lowest corrosion resistance,the smallest permeability,and the highest coercivity(H_(c)).This is due to precipitated crystallites and induced structural heterogeneity.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis revealed that Ge doping enhanced structural homogeneity and cluster alignment,contributing to its superior soft magnetic performance.These findings are conducive to developing new low-cost Fe-based amorphous alloys with excellent soft magnetic properties.
基金Project supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board of India(SRG/2020/002096)。
文摘Rare earth elements(REEs)play a crucial role in many technologies from daily appliances in cell phones to more advanced wind turbines and electric cars.Permanent magnets account for a quarter of total global REEs production and have high recycling value.In this study,smelting process was used to selectively oxidize REEs in the permanent magnets by adding Fe_(2)O_(3).This separates REEs into a slag phase from an iron-rich metallic phase.B_(2)O_(3) was also added to the system as a flux to lower the slag melting temperature.This minimizes REEs loss to the metallic phase and allows a more efficient phase separation.The effect of flux and oxidizing agent addition was investigated on both regular and cerium-rich NdFeB(NdCeFeB)magnets.At 1350℃and for 1 h,the slag phase was successfully separated from the metallic phase with the addition of 0.8 stoichiometric amount of Fe_(2)O_(3) and 40 wt%of B_(2)O_(3).Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX)analysis reveals that REEs in the magnet do not migrate to the metal phase while the REE-rich slag phase contains almost no iron.After the selective removal of iron into the metallic phase,REEs are recovered from the slag phase through an acid leaching process allowing>99%of REEs recovery.Boron in the magnet can also be recovered as useful boric acid by evaporation and crystallisation technique.The proposed process in this study is reagent and energy-efficient with almost complete valorisation of both NdCeFeB and NdFeB magnets.
文摘Rare earth elements(REEs),with their unique magnetic,optical,and electrical properties,have become indispensable strategic resources.Widely applied in critical fields such as aviation,telecommunications,electronics,energy,transportation,and medicine,REEs play a vital role in advancing technology and driving social and economic development.However,the REE industry faces numerous challenges,including unbalanced resource distribution,supply and demand imbalances,international competition,technological limitations,and associated environmental pollution.This paper,incorporating both the historical evolution and current state of the REE industry,provides a comprehensive examination of the chemistry,applications,resources,technologies,challenges,and prospects of REEs.Specifically,it analyzes China's REE industry,which holds the largest global reserves and production capacity.As a key feature,this paper introduces the Tai Chi model for sustainable development in the REE industry,offering an in-depth analysis of two primary approaches—mining and recycling;the four critical participants—governments,enterprises,researchers,and consumers;and the eight essential influencing factors—resources,energy,environment,policy,applications,technology,supply and demand,and economy.The Tai Chi model not only clarifies the responsibilities and significance of each individual but also highlights their interconnectedness,providing a compelling framework for envisioning the sustainable development of the REE industry.Moreover,the paper identifies the major challenges currently facing the industry and offers insights into the future development of REEs.As such,this work contributes to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted REE landscape and underscores the importance of sustainable practices to ensure REEs'lasting positive impact on the global industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42222205)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0602403)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(No.300102273301)。
文摘Quartz trace elements are extensively employed in studying magmatic evolution,fluid evolution,and metal enrichment.The Bianjiadayuan Ag-Pb-Zn-Sn deposit is a typical magmatichydrothermal system in northeastern China,however,studies on its complex magmatic-hydrothermal evolution are limited.This study investigates the quartz from the Bianjiadayuan deposit to gain insight into the physicochemical evolution of mineralization using cathodoluminescence(CL)textures and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of quartz.Five types quartz(Q1 to Q5)were identified.From Q1 in quartz porphyry to Q5 in Ag-Pb-Zn veins,the CL intensity and Ti content gradually decreases,and Ge,Ge/Ti,and Al/Ti ratios increase,indicating a temperature decline from magmatic to hydrothermal stages.The Sb content shows an opposite trend to Ti content,correlating positively with Ge content in quartz,suggesting that Sb content could also be temperature-dependent.These trace elements in quartz indicate cooling is critical for Ag mineralization.Furthermore,quartz phenocryst(Q1)from the quartz porphyry shows low Al/Ti(mostly<4)and Ge/Ti ratios(<0.04),suggesting a low degree of magmatic evolution.The Sb content in Q5 from Ag-Pb-Zn-quartz veins(>1 ppm,mostly tens of ppm)is notably higher compared to quartz in other lithologies including Sn-bearing quartz veins(<1 ppm),suggesting that Sb contents can serve as an effective indicator of Ag mineralization.
文摘This article explores the characteristics of data resources from the perspective of production factors,analyzes the demand for trustworthy circulation technology,designs a fusion architecture and related solutions,including multi-party data intersection calculation,distributed machine learning,etc.It also compares performance differences,conducts formal verification,points out the value and limitations of architecture innovation,and looks forward to future opportunities.
基金supported by the EU H2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement(Project-DEEP,Grant No.101109045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 61925105 and 62171257)the Tsinghua University-China Mobile Communications Group Co.,Ltd.Joint Institute,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-NP-20-03).
文摘This paper explores the development of interpretable data elements from raw data using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks(KAN).With the exponential growth of data in contemporary society,there is an urgent need for effective data processing methods to unlock the full potential of this resource.The study focuses on the application of KAN in the transportation sector to transform raw traffic data into meaningful data elements.The core of the research is the KANT-GCN model,which synergizes Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks(T-GCN).This innovative model demonstrates superior performance in predicting traffic speeds,outperforming existing methods in terms of accuracy,reliability,and interpretability.The model was evaluated using real-world datasets from Shenzhen,Los Angeles,and the San Francisco Bay Area,showing significant improvements in different metrics.The paper highlights the potential of KAN-T-GCN to revolutionize data-driven decision-making in traffic management and other sectors,underscoring its ability to handle dynamic updates and maintain data integrity.
基金Project supported by the United States Department of Energy,National Technology Laboratory through the NETL-Penn State University Coalition for Fossil Energy Research(UCFER 0007-PSU-DOE-6825,DE-FE0026285)。
文摘This article addresses the question of how the global and U.S.market sector allocations for rare earth elements compare.Accordingly,this article reports rare earth oxide(REO)market sector allocations,resolved by elemental profile for 2020 and reciprocally REO consumption resolved by end market use.Differences are calculated relative to 2008 and presented as percentages and as absolute tonnage.These differences encompass both changes in relative sector demand and growth rate.Historical trends,global and U.S.for REO usage by sector are calculated for the period of 2018-2022.End market sector demands,as percentages are presented,referenced to United States Geological Survey(USGS)values from 2008.Attention is given to permanent magnets and associated elements given the growing renewable generation and vehicle electrification.The criticality of Nd and Dy are considered given that they are the foundation of NdFeB permanent magnets,prominent in electric vehicle traction motors and direct drive wind turbine generators.Economic activity associated with REE market sectors is presented.Notably usage does not reflect economic value.A prime example are catalysts versus magnets.Last,vast reserves of light and heavy REEs exist in coal and coal-byproducts with potential high impact upon critical REEs and associated economics.
文摘In the production and life of ancient Chinese folk artists,through the abstract and geometric arrangement of things,they formed many meaningful patterns.These patterns are widely used in a variety of decorations,reflecting the most simple artistic ideas in the life of the working people,and are also an important embodiment of folk art aesthetics.Many elements of folk patterns have been preserved to this day,and they have an important role in inspiring and guiding today’s art design.This paper mainly analyzes the folk pattern elements and their artistic value,and elaborates on the application of folk pattern elements in architectural design and the specific design methods,to provide certain references for the combination of modern architectural design and traditional folk patterns.
基金supported by the Foundation of Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong (LDSWZY202103)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (22JR5RM210)to B.P.L.Gansu Ziwuling Ecosystem Observation and Research Station (20JR10RA658)。
文摘Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability.However,the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorly explored.This study generated a diploid genome assembly for the golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus),a species distinguished by the vibrant plumage of males.Each haploid genome assembly included complete chromosomalmodels,incorporatingall microchromosomes.Analysis revealed extensive tandem amplification of immune-related genes across the smallest microchromosomes(dot chromosomes),with an average copy number of 54.Structural variation between the haploid genomes was primarily shaped by large insertions and deletions(indels),with minimal contributions from inversions or duplications.Approximately 28%of these large indels were associated with recent insertions of transposable elements,despite their typically low activity in bird genomes.Evidence for significant effects of transposable elements on gene expression was minimal.Evolutionary strata on the sex chromosomes were identified,along with a drastic rearrangement of the W chromosome.These analyses of the high-quality diploid genome of the golden pheasant provide valuable insights into the evolutionary patterns of structural variation in avian genomes.
