Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers a...Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers an effective way to increase yield and nutrition. Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） systems are a useful genetic tool for hybrid crop breeding, and are ideal models for studying the genetic interaction and cooperative function of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants （Schnable and Wise, 1998; Hanson and Bentolila, 2004）.展开更多
The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor family is the second-largest family in plants,where it plays essential roles in development,and the responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stressors.However,littl...The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor family is the second-largest family in plants,where it plays essential roles in development,and the responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stressors.However,little information is available about this gene family in Prunus mume,which is widely cultivated in East Asia as an ornamental fruit tree.Here,100 PmbHLH genes were identified,and their evolution and functions were explored in P.mume for the first time.The PmbHLH genes were classified into 21 subfamilies.The chromosomal distribution,physicochemical properties,bHLH domain,conserved motif,and intron/exon compositions were also analyzed.Furthermore,the evolutionary pattern,divergence time of the PmbHLH family,and genetic relationships among P.mume,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Prunus persica and Fragaria vesca of Rosaceae were explored.The functional prediction analysis of these PmbHLHs indicated that their functions varied,and included participating in the formation of organs and tissues,responding to stress,and the biosynthesis and metabolism of hormones and other secondary metabolites.Interestingly,expression analyses of PmbHLHs also revealed diverse expression patterns.Most of the PmbHLH genes were highly expressed in roots and stems,and a few were highly expressed in leaves,buds,and fruits,indicating tissue expression specificity.Eight PmbHLH genes,which were upregulated during low-temperature stress,may have critical roles in the response to cold stress.Ten PmbHLHs were differentially expressed between weeping and upright branches in a P.mume F_(1) population.These results shed light on the structure and evolution of the PmbHLH gene family,and lay a foundation for further functional studies of the bHLH genes.展开更多
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a vital step for the reproductive success of plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,LEAFY(LFY)plays crucial roles in inflorescence primordium and floral organ developme...The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a vital step for the reproductive success of plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,LEAFY(LFY)plays crucial roles in inflorescence primordium and floral organ development,but little is known about the roles of its homologs in crop plants such as soybean(Glycine max).Here,we investigated the expression patterns and functions of the two LFY genes(LFY1 and LFY2)in soybean.Both genes were predominantly expressed in unopened flowers and the shoot apical meristem,with LFY2 having the higher transcript abundance.In an in situ hybridization assay,LFY genes produced strong signals in the floral meristem.We next generated lfy1 and lfy2 knockout lines.The lfy2 mutants showed obvious changes in floral organ morphology,but the lfy1 mutants showed no obvious changes in floral organ morphology or pod development.The lfy1 lfy2 double mutants displayed more serious defects in floral organ development than lfy2,resulting in complete sterility.Gene expression analysis revealed differences in expression of the A-class APETALA(AP)genes AP1a and AP1b in the double mutant lines.These results suggest that LFY2 plays an important role in floral organ formation in soybean by regulating the expression of homeotic genes.Our findings increase the understanding of floral development,which could be useful for flower designs during hybrid soybean breeding.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30971844)the Fundamental Research Funds of Northwest A & F University(No. QN2011003)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation to Wang Junwei(No.20070410835)the Tang Zhong-Ying Breeding Funding Project of Northwest A & F University
文摘Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers an effective way to increase yield and nutrition. Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） systems are a useful genetic tool for hybrid crop breeding, and are ideal models for studying the genetic interaction and cooperative function of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants （Schnable and Wise, 1998; Hanson and Bentolila, 2004）.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFD1001500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31700619)+1 种基金Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2019CFB504)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2662020YLPY006)
文摘The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor family is the second-largest family in plants,where it plays essential roles in development,and the responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stressors.However,little information is available about this gene family in Prunus mume,which is widely cultivated in East Asia as an ornamental fruit tree.Here,100 PmbHLH genes were identified,and their evolution and functions were explored in P.mume for the first time.The PmbHLH genes were classified into 21 subfamilies.The chromosomal distribution,physicochemical properties,bHLH domain,conserved motif,and intron/exon compositions were also analyzed.Furthermore,the evolutionary pattern,divergence time of the PmbHLH family,and genetic relationships among P.mume,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Prunus persica and Fragaria vesca of Rosaceae were explored.The functional prediction analysis of these PmbHLHs indicated that their functions varied,and included participating in the formation of organs and tissues,responding to stress,and the biosynthesis and metabolism of hormones and other secondary metabolites.Interestingly,expression analyses of PmbHLHs also revealed diverse expression patterns.Most of the PmbHLH genes were highly expressed in roots and stems,and a few were highly expressed in leaves,buds,and fruits,indicating tissue expression specificity.Eight PmbHLH genes,which were upregulated during low-temperature stress,may have critical roles in the response to cold stress.Ten PmbHLHs were differentially expressed between weeping and upright branches in a P.mume F_(1) population.These results shed light on the structure and evolution of the PmbHLH gene family,and lay a foundation for further functional studies of the bHLH genes.
基金supported by the Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(2022SDZG05 to F.Kong,and B.Liu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090064 to F.Kong,32330074 to B.Liu,and 32301874 to L.Wang)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011314 to L.Wang)the Science and Technology Innovation Special Project of Modern Seed Industry(22326316D to F.Kong).
文摘The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a vital step for the reproductive success of plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,LEAFY(LFY)plays crucial roles in inflorescence primordium and floral organ development,but little is known about the roles of its homologs in crop plants such as soybean(Glycine max).Here,we investigated the expression patterns and functions of the two LFY genes(LFY1 and LFY2)in soybean.Both genes were predominantly expressed in unopened flowers and the shoot apical meristem,with LFY2 having the higher transcript abundance.In an in situ hybridization assay,LFY genes produced strong signals in the floral meristem.We next generated lfy1 and lfy2 knockout lines.The lfy2 mutants showed obvious changes in floral organ morphology,but the lfy1 mutants showed no obvious changes in floral organ morphology or pod development.The lfy1 lfy2 double mutants displayed more serious defects in floral organ development than lfy2,resulting in complete sterility.Gene expression analysis revealed differences in expression of the A-class APETALA(AP)genes AP1a and AP1b in the double mutant lines.These results suggest that LFY2 plays an important role in floral organ formation in soybean by regulating the expression of homeotic genes.Our findings increase the understanding of floral development,which could be useful for flower designs during hybrid soybean breeding.
