Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers a...Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers an effective way to increase yield and nutrition. Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） systems are a useful genetic tool for hybrid crop breeding, and are ideal models for studying the genetic interaction and cooperative function of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants （Schnable and Wise, 1998; Hanson and Bentolila, 2004）.展开更多
The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant ...The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,are crucial formaintaining genome stability,yet their prognostic significance in eBCremains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-BRCA genes on clinical outcomes in eBC patients.Significant correlations were observed between the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels of the genes Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM was associated with longer metastasis-free survival(MFS).Conversely,lower mRNA expression of BLM correlated with favorable outcomes,particularly in triple-negative tumors.Additionally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression were linked to significantly longer MFS compared to low expression levels.This study highlights the prognostic significance of ATM,BLM,and WRN in predicting survival outcomes in eBC patients.Background:The prognostic significance of various biological and non-BRCA genetic in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)remains unclear and warrants further investigation.This study therefore aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of these genes on clinical outcomes in breast cancer.Methods:Patients included in this study were subdivided into two groups based on low and high messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels.Statistical analysis,including Kaplan-Meier curves,univariable,andmultivariable Cox regression analyses,was performed to assess metastasis-free survival(MFS)of mRNA expression of non-BRCA genes.Subgroup analyses were also conducted among four different molecular subtypes of eBC.Results:Our analysis revealed significant correlations between mRNA-expression levels of Ataxiatelangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM correlated with longer MFS in the entire cohort(p=0.022,Log Rank),and in luminal-B-like tumors(p=0.036).Lower mRNA expression of BLM was associated with favorable outcomes(p=0.011,Log Rank),particularly in triple-negative eBC(p=0.030,Log Rank).Finally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression correlated with significantly longerMFS compared to lowmRNA expression levels(p=0.009,Log Rank).Conclusions:This study underscores the prognostic significance of moderate penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,such as ATM,BLM,and WRN,for survival outcomes in eBC.展开更多
The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor family is the second-largest family in plants,where it plays essential roles in development,and the responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stressors.However,littl...The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor family is the second-largest family in plants,where it plays essential roles in development,and the responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stressors.However,little information is available about this gene family in Prunus mume,which is widely cultivated in East Asia as an ornamental fruit tree.Here,100 PmbHLH genes were identified,and their evolution and functions were explored in P.mume for the first time.The PmbHLH genes were classified into 21 subfamilies.The chromosomal distribution,physicochemical properties,bHLH domain,conserved motif,and intron/exon compositions were also analyzed.Furthermore,the evolutionary pattern,divergence time of the PmbHLH family,and genetic relationships among P.mume,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Prunus persica and Fragaria vesca of Rosaceae were explored.The functional prediction analysis of these PmbHLHs indicated that their functions varied,and included participating in the formation of organs and tissues,responding to stress,and the biosynthesis and metabolism of hormones and other secondary metabolites.Interestingly,expression analyses of PmbHLHs also revealed diverse expression patterns.Most of the PmbHLH genes were highly expressed in roots and stems,and a few were highly expressed in leaves,buds,and fruits,indicating tissue expression specificity.Eight PmbHLH genes,which were upregulated during low-temperature stress,may have critical roles in the response to cold stress.Ten PmbHLHs were differentially expressed between weeping and upright branches in a P.mume F_(1) population.These results shed light on the structure and evolution of the PmbHLH gene family,and lay a foundation for further functional studies of the bHLH genes.展开更多
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a vital step for the reproductive success of plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,LEAFY(LFY)plays crucial roles in inflorescence primordium and floral organ developme...The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a vital step for the reproductive success of plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,LEAFY(LFY)plays crucial roles in inflorescence primordium and floral organ development,but little is known about the roles of its homologs in crop plants such as soybean(Glycine max).Here,we investigated the expression patterns and functions of the two LFY genes(LFY1 and LFY2)in soybean.Both genes were predominantly expressed in unopened flowers and the shoot apical meristem,with LFY2 having the higher transcript abundance.In an in situ hybridization assay,LFY genes produced strong signals in the floral meristem.We next generated lfy1 and lfy2 knockout lines.The lfy2 mutants showed obvious changes in floral organ morphology,but the lfy1 mutants showed no obvious changes in floral organ morphology or pod development.The lfy1 lfy2 double mutants displayed more serious defects in floral organ development than lfy2,resulting in complete sterility.Gene expression analysis revealed differences in expression of the A-class APETALA(AP)genes AP1a and AP1b in the double mutant lines.These results suggest that LFY2 plays an important role in floral organ formation in soybean by regulating the expression of homeotic genes.Our findings increase the understanding of floral development,which could be useful for flower designs during hybrid soybean breeding.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30971844)the Fundamental Research Funds of Northwest A & F University(No. QN2011003)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation to Wang Junwei(No.20070410835)the Tang Zhong-Ying Breeding Funding Project of Northwest A & F University
文摘Common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops, and intra-specific wheat hybrids have obvious heterosis in yield and protein quality. Therefore, utilization of hybrid wheat varieties offers an effective way to increase yield and nutrition. Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） systems are a useful genetic tool for hybrid crop breeding, and are ideal models for studying the genetic interaction and cooperative function of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants （Schnable and Wise, 1998; Hanson and Bentolila, 2004）.
文摘The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,are crucial formaintaining genome stability,yet their prognostic significance in eBCremains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-BRCA genes on clinical outcomes in eBC patients.Significant correlations were observed between the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels of the genes Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM was associated with longer metastasis-free survival(MFS).Conversely,lower mRNA expression of BLM correlated with favorable outcomes,particularly in triple-negative tumors.Additionally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression were linked to significantly longer MFS compared to low expression levels.This study highlights the prognostic significance of ATM,BLM,and WRN in predicting survival outcomes in eBC patients.Background:The prognostic significance of various biological and non-BRCA genetic in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)remains unclear and warrants further investigation.This study therefore aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of these genes on clinical outcomes in breast cancer.Methods:Patients included in this study were subdivided into two groups based on low and high messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels.Statistical analysis,including Kaplan-Meier curves,univariable,andmultivariable Cox regression analyses,was performed to assess metastasis-free survival(MFS)of mRNA expression of non-BRCA genes.Subgroup analyses were also conducted among four different molecular subtypes of eBC.Results:Our analysis revealed significant correlations between mRNA-expression levels of Ataxiatelangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM correlated with longer MFS in the entire cohort(p=0.022,Log Rank),and in luminal-B-like tumors(p=0.036).Lower mRNA expression of BLM was associated with favorable outcomes(p=0.011,Log Rank),particularly in triple-negative eBC(p=0.030,Log Rank).Finally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression correlated with significantly longerMFS compared to lowmRNA expression levels(p=0.009,Log Rank).Conclusions:This study underscores the prognostic significance of moderate penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,such as ATM,BLM,and WRN,for survival outcomes in eBC.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFD1001500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31700619)+1 种基金Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2019CFB504)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2662020YLPY006)
文摘The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor family is the second-largest family in plants,where it plays essential roles in development,and the responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stressors.However,little information is available about this gene family in Prunus mume,which is widely cultivated in East Asia as an ornamental fruit tree.Here,100 PmbHLH genes were identified,and their evolution and functions were explored in P.mume for the first time.The PmbHLH genes were classified into 21 subfamilies.The chromosomal distribution,physicochemical properties,bHLH domain,conserved motif,and intron/exon compositions were also analyzed.Furthermore,the evolutionary pattern,divergence time of the PmbHLH family,and genetic relationships among P.mume,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Prunus persica and Fragaria vesca of Rosaceae were explored.The functional prediction analysis of these PmbHLHs indicated that their functions varied,and included participating in the formation of organs and tissues,responding to stress,and the biosynthesis and metabolism of hormones and other secondary metabolites.Interestingly,expression analyses of PmbHLHs also revealed diverse expression patterns.Most of the PmbHLH genes were highly expressed in roots and stems,and a few were highly expressed in leaves,buds,and fruits,indicating tissue expression specificity.Eight PmbHLH genes,which were upregulated during low-temperature stress,may have critical roles in the response to cold stress.Ten PmbHLHs were differentially expressed between weeping and upright branches in a P.mume F_(1) population.These results shed light on the structure and evolution of the PmbHLH gene family,and lay a foundation for further functional studies of the bHLH genes.
基金supported by the Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(2022SDZG05 to F.Kong,and B.Liu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090064 to F.Kong,32330074 to B.Liu,and 32301874 to L.Wang)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011314 to L.Wang)the Science and Technology Innovation Special Project of Modern Seed Industry(22326316D to F.Kong).
文摘The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a vital step for the reproductive success of plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,LEAFY(LFY)plays crucial roles in inflorescence primordium and floral organ development,but little is known about the roles of its homologs in crop plants such as soybean(Glycine max).Here,we investigated the expression patterns and functions of the two LFY genes(LFY1 and LFY2)in soybean.Both genes were predominantly expressed in unopened flowers and the shoot apical meristem,with LFY2 having the higher transcript abundance.In an in situ hybridization assay,LFY genes produced strong signals in the floral meristem.We next generated lfy1 and lfy2 knockout lines.The lfy2 mutants showed obvious changes in floral organ morphology,but the lfy1 mutants showed no obvious changes in floral organ morphology or pod development.The lfy1 lfy2 double mutants displayed more serious defects in floral organ development than lfy2,resulting in complete sterility.Gene expression analysis revealed differences in expression of the A-class APETALA(AP)genes AP1a and AP1b in the double mutant lines.These results suggest that LFY2 plays an important role in floral organ formation in soybean by regulating the expression of homeotic genes.Our findings increase the understanding of floral development,which could be useful for flower designs during hybrid soybean breeding.
