Employees’innovative performance determines an organization’s innovation,which critically impacts its structural optimization and sustainability.Applying expectancy theory,we examined how and when the Pygmalion effe...Employees’innovative performance determines an organization’s innovation,which critically impacts its structural optimization and sustainability.Applying expectancy theory,we examined how and when the Pygmalion effect occurs in the relationship between leaders’expectations of innovation and employee innovative behavior.Our sample comprised 201 frontline employees(female=31.84%;mean age=41.48 years,SD=7.97 years)in a Chinese coal enterprise,who completed surveys on innovation expectations of leaders,expected positive performance outcomes,innovative self-efficacy and innovative behavior.The results revealed that employees’expected positive performance outcomes mediated the positive relationship between leaders’innovation expectations and their innovative behavior.Employees’innovative self-efficacy positively moderated the relationship between their expected positive performance outcomes and innovative behavior,with this relationship being stronger for employees with high innovative self-efficacy.Moreover,we validated the moderated mediation model.Findings suggest that leaders can stimulate employee innovative behavior through expressing expectations and they also need to consider the boundary conditions.展开更多
The complete convergence for weighted sums of sequences of independent,identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectation space is studied.By moment inequality and truncation methods,we establish the...The complete convergence for weighted sums of sequences of independent,identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectation space is studied.By moment inequality and truncation methods,we establish the equivalent conditions of complete convergence for weighted sums of sequences of independent,identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectation space.The results complement the corresponding results in probability space to those for sequences of independent,identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectation space.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the health expectations(HEs)in patients with diabetes and the factors affecting it using an integrative systematic review.Methods:A comprehensive literature search wa...Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the health expectations(HEs)in patients with diabetes and the factors affecting it using an integrative systematic review.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed,Scopus,Science Direct,Google Scholar,ProQuest,CINAHL,SID,Iran Doc,and Magiran without time limitation using related keywords.The systematic literature search was performed using a guide provided by York University.Results:From a total of 1883 articles,17 of them finally met the eligibility criteria.According to the findings of this study,HE of diabetic patients was included in four categories:“dynamism,”“consequentialism,”“comprehensive care,”and“access to facilities.”Also,these expectations can be influenced by various factors,including“developments in societies,”“changing the conditions of health care systems,”and“individual factors.”Conclusions:Health professionals should pay attention to the expectations of diabetic patients who are involved in complex disease conditions and consider meeting them as a key factor in providing patient-centered care,improving health outcomes,and patient satisfaction.展开更多
Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between...Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between objectively measured PA volume and intensity profiles with modeled life expectancy in women and men within the UK Biobank cohort study and interpret findings in relation to brisk walking.Methods Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile.Mortality data were obtained from national registries.Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.Results 40,953(57.1%)women(median age=61.9 years)and 30,820(42.9%)men(63.1 years)were included.Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years,there were 1719(2.4%)deaths(733 in women;986 in men).At 60 years,life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles,reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity,corresponding to 3.4 additional years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-4.4)in women and 4.6 additional years(95%CI:3.6-5.6)in men compared to those at the 10th centiles.An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9(95%CI:0.5-1.3)and 1.4 years(95%CI:0.9-1.9)longer life expectancy,respectively,in inactive women;and 1.4 years(95%CI:1.0-1.8)and 2.5(95%CI:1.9-3.1)in inactive men.Conclusion Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy,with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life.Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the learning expectations of undergraduate nursing students regarding the flipped Health Assessment course.Methods:This descriptive,qualitative study was conducted at a medica...Objective:This study aimed to investigate the learning expectations of undergraduate nursing students regarding the flipped Health Assessment course.Methods:This descriptive,qualitative study was conducted at a medical university in Fuzhou,Fujian Province,China.An interview outline was designed based on the core dimensions of Expectation Confirmation Theory(expectation sources,expectation content,and expectation importance).Thirty second-year undergraduate nursing students who had completed first-year basic medical courses and were about to take the flipped Health Assessment course were interviewed between June and July 2022.Interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results:Five major themes and thirteen subthemes were identified.Theme 1 was expectation sourcesperceived learning difficulties from past experiences,which included four subthemes:insufficient autonomous learning ability,confusion regarding learning methods,insufficient engagement in learning,and low professional identity.Theme 2 included knowledge and information expectations,which comprised three subthemes:knowledge to improve professional competence,knowledge to enhance academic competitiveness,and knowledge to boost self-efficacy.Theme 3 comprised logical expectations and included two subthemes:flexible teaching methods and efficient instructional tools.Theme 4,pleasure expectations,included two subthemes:vivid teaching styles and diversified teaching evaluations.Theme 5 comprised professional value expectations and included two subthemes:teachers'responsible professional attitudes and gentle emotional support.Conclusion:Students'learning expectations originate from perceived learning difficulties,such as insufficient learning autonomy and engagement,confusion about learning methods,and a lack of professional identity.They showed various learning expectations for the flipped Health Assessment course,including knowledge and information,logic,pleasure,and professional value expectations.展开更多
In the new released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Zaccardi et al.1 provide compelling evidence that engaging in higher volumes and intensities of physical activity(PA)increases life expectancy in ...In the new released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Zaccardi et al.1 provide compelling evidence that engaging in higher volumes and intensities of physical activity(PA)increases life expectancy in older men and women enrolled in the UK Biobank study.The study included 30,820 men and 40,953 women with median ages of 63.1 years and 61.9 years,respectively.Study participants wore accelerometers to track their time and intensity of PA for 7 days at baseline.展开更多
How do individuals adjust their savings and consumption behaviors in response to the combined effects of increased life expectancy and declining pension replacement rates?This study constructs a life-cycle model,using...How do individuals adjust their savings and consumption behaviors in response to the combined effects of increased life expectancy and declining pension replacement rates?This study constructs a life-cycle model,using changes in conditional survival probabilities as a proxy for shifts in individual life expectancy,to examine consumption behavior under the dual backdrop of prolonged longevity and a gradual decline in pension replacement rates.The results suggest that changes in life expectancy and pension replacement rates together explain 8.9%to 10.2%of the observed decline in consumption in recent years,with both variables playing equally significant explanatory roles.Furthermore,we find that,to fully offset the negative impact of increased life expectancy on consumption,the pension replacement rate must reach at least 82%.These findings offer theoretical and policy implications for improving the quality of life in later years among enterprise employees in the context of population aging.展开更多
Assume that{a_(i),−∞<i<∞}is an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers.We establish the complete q-order moment convergence for the partial sums of moving average processes{X_(n)=Σ_(i=−∞)^(∞)a_(i)Y_(i+...Assume that{a_(i),−∞<i<∞}is an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers.We establish the complete q-order moment convergence for the partial sums of moving average processes{X_(n)=Σ_(i=−∞)^(∞)a_(i)Y_(i+n),n≥1}under some proper conditions,where{Yi,-∞<i<∞}is a doubly infinite sequence of negatively dependent random variables under sub-linear expectations.These results extend and complement the relevant results in probability space.展开更多
This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China ...This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,1491 children(girls ratio=53.78%;average grade=6.023 years,school grade standard deviation=1.825 years).Results following multiple regression model(OLS)show that the higher the parental cognitive ability,the higher the children’s logical reasoning ability.Secondly,parental academic expectation serves as a mediator between their cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability for higher logical reasoning by children.Third,a possible family environment acts as a mediator in the relationship between parents’cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability to be higher.We conclude from thesefindings that parents with high cognitive abilities can enhance their children’s logical reasoning skills not only by setting higher academic expectations,but also by cultivating a supportive family environment.Thesefindings imply a need for intervention to improve family quality of life to enhance children’s thinking abilities to optimize their academic learning.展开更多
Life expectancy of the elderly is a significant problem in China, and it changes not only the health care, but also the pension. This study used tracking data from the Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Survey...Life expectancy of the elderly is a significant problem in China, and it changes not only the health care, but also the pension. This study used tracking data from the Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Survey to calculate the age-specific Active Life Expectancy (ALE) of the Chinese elderly population aged 60 years and over. For analysis, this population was divided into different sub-populations according to gender, census register and region. The main conclusions of our study are as follows: 1) The quality of life for elderly males may be greater than that for elderly females;2) There were significant differences in Active Life Expectancy (ALE) and Inactive Life Expectancy (ILE) between urban and rural elderly;3) The differences in ALE between the eastern, central and western regions of China were not significant;and 4) The increased remaining life expectancy of the elderly was mainly attributed to the extended ALE in the lower age group and the expanded ILE in the higher age group. This study expands the knowledge of Chinese elderly’s life expectancy in different health status.展开更多
In this study, we aim to understand the characteristics of online group-buying consumers and to investigate salient factors which influence the continuance intention of online group-buying platforms （OGBP） to bridge...In this study, we aim to understand the characteristics of online group-buying consumers and to investigate salient factors which influence the continuance intention of online group-buying platforms （OGBP） to bridge this knowledge gap. An expectation-confirmation model of information systems （IS） continuance is adapted to construct a research model in online group-buying contexts. A total of 289 complete and valid responses were collected. Our findings contribute to academics and practitioners in two ways： Firstly, our respondents show that they are young （93% of the respondents＇ ages range between 19 and 28 years old）, female （88% of the respondents）, and thrifty （82% of the respondents＇ transaction amounts are below US$16）. Secondly, based on our results, price performance expectations have a direct impact on confirmation. In addition, in contrast to the IS continuance model （Bhattacherjee, 2001）, the effect of perceived usefulness on satisfaction is not supported. Thus, in online group-buying settings, confirmation is the key antecedent of satisfaction. Satisfaction and perceived usefulness are significantly associated with OGBP continuance intention. Consequently, in addition to offering a wide assortment of merchandise and a convenient online shopping experience to enhance customers＇ perceived usefulness of OGBP, OGBP managers should aim low-price marketing strategies at this female, young, thrifty and price-sensitive segment to transcend consumers＇ price expectations and attract consumers＇ continued intention to visit OGBP.展开更多
Objective We aimed to analyze the impact of cardiovascular disease （CVD） deaths on life expectancy （LE） in Chinese population and estimate the percentage reduction in CVD mortality needed to increase LE by 1 year ...Objective We aimed to analyze the impact of cardiovascular disease （CVD） deaths on life expectancy （LE） in Chinese population and estimate the percentage reduction in CVD mortality needed to increase LE by 1 year from the current level, a national target of health improvement. Methods We used life tables, cause-elimination life tables, and age decomposition of LE with corrected mortality data from the National Disease Surveillance System in 2010. Results LE at birth of Chinese people was 73.24 years in 2010. Women had a longer LE than men, and urban population had a longer LE than rural population. CVD deaths resulted in a 4.79-year LE loss and premature deaths in people aged 25 to 64 years were responsible for a substantial part of LE loss from CVD. Death from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases accounted for 69.2% of LE loss from CVD deaths and death from cerebrovascular diseases was the largest contributor. In rural men, 51.1% LE loss from CVD deaths was caused by cerebrovascular diseases. If there were no changes in mortality rates for all other diseases, a 27.4% reduction in CVD mortality would increase LE by i year in Chinese population. Conclusion There is a considerable impact of CVD deaths on LE. A 1-year LE increase in the future requires at least a 27.4% reduction in CVD mortality from the current level. Targeting the rural population and tackling cerebrovascular diseases are important for reaching the national goal of health improvement.展开更多
Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment a...Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity.Methods：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland.All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7.The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–2014.Results：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and cost.In contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time.Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls.In addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived.Conclusion：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.展开更多
Objective: Improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy(LOLE) resulting from a cance...Objective: Improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy(LOLE) resulting from a cancer diagnosis and examine disparities in LOLE based on area-level socioeconomic status(SES).Methods: Data were collected for all people between 50 and 89 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer, registered in the NSW Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019, and underwent mortality follow-up evaluations until December 2020. Flexible parametric survival models were fitted to estimate the LOLE by gender and area-level SES for 12 common cancers.Results: Of 422,680 people with cancer, 24% and 18% lived in the most and least disadvantaged areas, respectively. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly greater average LOLE than patients from the least disadvantaged areas for cancers with high survival rates, including prostate [2.9 years(95% CI: 2.5±3.2 years) vs. 1.6 years(95% CI: 1.3±1.9 years)] and breast cancer [1.6 years(95% CI: 1.4±1.8 years) vs. 1.2 years(95% CI: 1.0±1.4 years)]. The highest average LOLE occurred in males residing in the most disadvantaged areas with pancreatic [16.5 years(95% CI: 16.1±16.8 years) vs. 16.2 years(95% CI: 15.7±16.7 years)] and liver cancer [15.5 years(95% CI: 15.0±16.0 years) vs. 14.7 years(95% CI: 14.0±15.5 years)]. Females residing in the least disadvantaged areas with thyroid cancer [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.4±1.4 years) vs. 0.6 years(95% CI: 0.2±1.0 years)] or melanoma [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.8±1.1 years) vs. 0.7 years(95% CI: 0.5±0.8 years)] had the lowest average LOLE.Conclusions: Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had the highest LOLE with SES-based differences greatest for patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage or cancers with higher survival rates, suggesting the need to prioritise early detection and reduce treatment-related barriers and survivorship challenges to improve life expectancy.展开更多
Purpose:To explore the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents during their transition to parenthood.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used through the Chinese version of the Childbirth Exp...Purpose:To explore the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents during their transition to parenthood.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used through the Chinese version of the Childbirth Expectations Questionnaire.A total of 240 expectant parents were recruited when they were admitted to the obstetric units waiting for delivery at a large Maternal and Child Health care Center in Beijing,and 210 couples completed the questionnaires,yielding a response rate of 87.5%.Results:The expectant parents had a high level of childbirth expectations towards caregiving environment,spousal support,control and participation and medical support.Conversely,their expectations toward labor pain and their own ability to cope with the pain were relatively low.Expectant fathers’childbirth expectations and preference of partner’s accompany were two significant predictors of expectant mothers’childbirth expectations,explaining 18.9%and 3.3%of the total variance,respectively.While expectant mothers’childbirth expectations was the only significant predictor of expectant fathers’childbirth expectations.Conclusion:This study adds to understanding of the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents.It is suggested that maternity healthcare providers pay close attention to the childbirth expectations of expectant parents,and improve the nursing care service to promote positive childbirth experiences and satisfaction of expectant parents.展开更多
The "expectations gap" signifies the differences between what the public expects from an audit and what the auditing profession prefers the audit objectives to be.Although the gap exists,it seems that the pr...The "expectations gap" signifies the differences between what the public expects from an audit and what the auditing profession prefers the audit objectives to be.Although the gap exists,it seems that the professions trust that it could be eliminated.In this paper,further evidence was provided to deny the above point by exploring the inevitability nature and the structure of the audit expectation gap.In addition,the author concludes that expectations gap cannot be eliminated;instead,the only thing can be done is to narrow down the gap.展开更多
基金funded by“National Natural Science Foundation of China”grant number[71872119]“Shanxi Provincial Government Major Decision-making Consulting Project”grant number[ZB20240114]The APC was funded by“Shanxi Provincial Government Major Decision-making Consulting Project”grant number[ZB20240114].
文摘Employees’innovative performance determines an organization’s innovation,which critically impacts its structural optimization and sustainability.Applying expectancy theory,we examined how and when the Pygmalion effect occurs in the relationship between leaders’expectations of innovation and employee innovative behavior.Our sample comprised 201 frontline employees(female=31.84%;mean age=41.48 years,SD=7.97 years)in a Chinese coal enterprise,who completed surveys on innovation expectations of leaders,expected positive performance outcomes,innovative self-efficacy and innovative behavior.The results revealed that employees’expected positive performance outcomes mediated the positive relationship between leaders’innovation expectations and their innovative behavior.Employees’innovative self-efficacy positively moderated the relationship between their expected positive performance outcomes and innovative behavior,with this relationship being stronger for employees with high innovative self-efficacy.Moreover,we validated the moderated mediation model.Findings suggest that leaders can stimulate employee innovative behavior through expressing expectations and they also need to consider the boundary conditions.
基金supported by Doctoral Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Jingdezhen Ceramic University(Grant No.102/01003002031)Re-accompanying Funding Project of Academic Achievements of Jingdezhen Ceramic University(Grant Nos.215/20506277,215/20506341)。
文摘The complete convergence for weighted sums of sequences of independent,identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectation space is studied.By moment inequality and truncation methods,we establish the equivalent conditions of complete convergence for weighted sums of sequences of independent,identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectation space.The results complement the corresponding results in probability space to those for sequences of independent,identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectation space.
基金supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran(no.9711199007).
文摘Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the health expectations(HEs)in patients with diabetes and the factors affecting it using an integrative systematic review.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed,Scopus,Science Direct,Google Scholar,ProQuest,CINAHL,SID,Iran Doc,and Magiran without time limitation using related keywords.The systematic literature search was performed using a guide provided by York University.Results:From a total of 1883 articles,17 of them finally met the eligibility criteria.According to the findings of this study,HE of diabetic patients was included in four categories:“dynamism,”“consequentialism,”“comprehensive care,”and“access to facilities.”Also,these expectations can be influenced by various factors,including“developments in societies,”“changing the conditions of health care systems,”and“individual factors.”Conclusions:Health professionals should pay attention to the expectations of diabetic patients who are involved in complex disease conditions and consider meeting them as a key factor in providing patient-centered care,improving health outcomes,and patient satisfaction.
基金funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)the Applied Research Collaborations East Midlands (ARC-EM)supported by a UKRI project grant (MR/T031816/1)。
文摘Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between objectively measured PA volume and intensity profiles with modeled life expectancy in women and men within the UK Biobank cohort study and interpret findings in relation to brisk walking.Methods Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile.Mortality data were obtained from national registries.Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.Results 40,953(57.1%)women(median age=61.9 years)and 30,820(42.9%)men(63.1 years)were included.Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years,there were 1719(2.4%)deaths(733 in women;986 in men).At 60 years,life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles,reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity,corresponding to 3.4 additional years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-4.4)in women and 4.6 additional years(95%CI:3.6-5.6)in men compared to those at the 10th centiles.An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9(95%CI:0.5-1.3)and 1.4 years(95%CI:0.9-1.9)longer life expectancy,respectively,in inactive women;and 1.4 years(95%CI:1.0-1.8)and 2.5(95%CI:1.9-3.1)in inactive men.Conclusion Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy,with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life.Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.
基金This research received grant from 2022 Undergraduate Education and Teaching Research Project of Fujian Medical University(22028).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to investigate the learning expectations of undergraduate nursing students regarding the flipped Health Assessment course.Methods:This descriptive,qualitative study was conducted at a medical university in Fuzhou,Fujian Province,China.An interview outline was designed based on the core dimensions of Expectation Confirmation Theory(expectation sources,expectation content,and expectation importance).Thirty second-year undergraduate nursing students who had completed first-year basic medical courses and were about to take the flipped Health Assessment course were interviewed between June and July 2022.Interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results:Five major themes and thirteen subthemes were identified.Theme 1 was expectation sourcesperceived learning difficulties from past experiences,which included four subthemes:insufficient autonomous learning ability,confusion regarding learning methods,insufficient engagement in learning,and low professional identity.Theme 2 included knowledge and information expectations,which comprised three subthemes:knowledge to improve professional competence,knowledge to enhance academic competitiveness,and knowledge to boost self-efficacy.Theme 3 comprised logical expectations and included two subthemes:flexible teaching methods and efficient instructional tools.Theme 4,pleasure expectations,included two subthemes:vivid teaching styles and diversified teaching evaluations.Theme 5 comprised professional value expectations and included two subthemes:teachers'responsible professional attitudes and gentle emotional support.Conclusion:Students'learning expectations originate from perceived learning difficulties,such as insufficient learning autonomy and engagement,confusion about learning methods,and a lack of professional identity.They showed various learning expectations for the flipped Health Assessment course,including knowledge and information,logic,pleasure,and professional value expectations.
文摘In the new released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Zaccardi et al.1 provide compelling evidence that engaging in higher volumes and intensities of physical activity(PA)increases life expectancy in older men and women enrolled in the UK Biobank study.The study included 30,820 men and 40,953 women with median ages of 63.1 years and 61.9 years,respectively.Study participants wore accelerometers to track their time and intensity of PA for 7 days at baseline.
文摘How do individuals adjust their savings and consumption behaviors in response to the combined effects of increased life expectancy and declining pension replacement rates?This study constructs a life-cycle model,using changes in conditional survival probabilities as a proxy for shifts in individual life expectancy,to examine consumption behavior under the dual backdrop of prolonged longevity and a gradual decline in pension replacement rates.The results suggest that changes in life expectancy and pension replacement rates together explain 8.9%to 10.2%of the observed decline in consumption in recent years,with both variables playing equally significant explanatory roles.Furthermore,we find that,to fully offset the negative impact of increased life expectancy on consumption,the pension replacement rate must reach at least 82%.These findings offer theoretical and policy implications for improving the quality of life in later years among enterprise employees in the context of population aging.
基金Supported by the Academic Achievement Re-cultivation Projects of Jingdezhen Ceramic University(Grant Nos.215/20506341215/20506277)the Doctoral Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Jingdezhen Ceramic University(Grant No.102/01003002031)。
文摘Assume that{a_(i),−∞<i<∞}is an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers.We establish the complete q-order moment convergence for the partial sums of moving average processes{X_(n)=Σ_(i=−∞)^(∞)a_(i)Y_(i+n),n≥1}under some proper conditions,where{Yi,-∞<i<∞}is a doubly infinite sequence of negatively dependent random variables under sub-linear expectations.These results extend and complement the relevant results in probability space.
基金supported by scientific research fund of Jiangxi Provincial Social Sciences“14th Five-Year Plan”(No.23SH05).
文摘This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,1491 children(girls ratio=53.78%;average grade=6.023 years,school grade standard deviation=1.825 years).Results following multiple regression model(OLS)show that the higher the parental cognitive ability,the higher the children’s logical reasoning ability.Secondly,parental academic expectation serves as a mediator between their cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability for higher logical reasoning by children.Third,a possible family environment acts as a mediator in the relationship between parents’cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability to be higher.We conclude from thesefindings that parents with high cognitive abilities can enhance their children’s logical reasoning skills not only by setting higher academic expectations,but also by cultivating a supportive family environment.Thesefindings imply a need for intervention to improve family quality of life to enhance children’s thinking abilities to optimize their academic learning.
文摘Life expectancy of the elderly is a significant problem in China, and it changes not only the health care, but also the pension. This study used tracking data from the Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Survey to calculate the age-specific Active Life Expectancy (ALE) of the Chinese elderly population aged 60 years and over. For analysis, this population was divided into different sub-populations according to gender, census register and region. The main conclusions of our study are as follows: 1) The quality of life for elderly males may be greater than that for elderly females;2) There were significant differences in Active Life Expectancy (ALE) and Inactive Life Expectancy (ILE) between urban and rural elderly;3) The differences in ALE between the eastern, central and western regions of China were not significant;and 4) The increased remaining life expectancy of the elderly was mainly attributed to the extended ALE in the lower age group and the expanded ILE in the higher age group. This study expands the knowledge of Chinese elderly’s life expectancy in different health status.
文摘In this study, we aim to understand the characteristics of online group-buying consumers and to investigate salient factors which influence the continuance intention of online group-buying platforms （OGBP） to bridge this knowledge gap. An expectation-confirmation model of information systems （IS） continuance is adapted to construct a research model in online group-buying contexts. A total of 289 complete and valid responses were collected. Our findings contribute to academics and practitioners in two ways： Firstly, our respondents show that they are young （93% of the respondents＇ ages range between 19 and 28 years old）, female （88% of the respondents）, and thrifty （82% of the respondents＇ transaction amounts are below US$16）. Secondly, based on our results, price performance expectations have a direct impact on confirmation. In addition, in contrast to the IS continuance model （Bhattacherjee, 2001）, the effect of perceived usefulness on satisfaction is not supported. Thus, in online group-buying settings, confirmation is the key antecedent of satisfaction. Satisfaction and perceived usefulness are significantly associated with OGBP continuance intention. Consequently, in addition to offering a wide assortment of merchandise and a convenient online shopping experience to enhance customers＇ perceived usefulness of OGBP, OGBP managers should aim low-price marketing strategies at this female, young, thrifty and price-sensitive segment to transcend consumers＇ price expectations and attract consumers＇ continued intention to visit OGBP.
基金supported by the People’s Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technologythe Ministry of Health through the 12th National Five-Year Plan projects(contract 2011BAI09B01)the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
文摘Objective We aimed to analyze the impact of cardiovascular disease （CVD） deaths on life expectancy （LE） in Chinese population and estimate the percentage reduction in CVD mortality needed to increase LE by 1 year from the current level, a national target of health improvement. Methods We used life tables, cause-elimination life tables, and age decomposition of LE with corrected mortality data from the National Disease Surveillance System in 2010. Results LE at birth of Chinese people was 73.24 years in 2010. Women had a longer LE than men, and urban population had a longer LE than rural population. CVD deaths resulted in a 4.79-year LE loss and premature deaths in people aged 25 to 64 years were responsible for a substantial part of LE loss from CVD. Death from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases accounted for 69.2% of LE loss from CVD deaths and death from cerebrovascular diseases was the largest contributor. In rural men, 51.1% LE loss from CVD deaths was caused by cerebrovascular diseases. If there were no changes in mortality rates for all other diseases, a 27.4% reduction in CVD mortality would increase LE by i year in Chinese population. Conclusion There is a considerable impact of CVD deaths on LE. A 1-year LE increase in the future requires at least a 27.4% reduction in CVD mortality from the current level. Targeting the rural population and tackling cerebrovascular diseases are important for reaching the national goal of health improvement.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture,Finland(OKM/14/626/2013)
文摘Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity.Methods：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland.All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7.The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–2014.Results：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and cost.In contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time.Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls.In addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived.Conclusion：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.
基金supported by National Health and Research Council of Australia Leadership Investigator Grants (NHMRCAPP1194679)+1 种基金the ACPCC has received equipment and a funding contribution from Roche Molecular Diagnostics USAco-PI on a major implementation programme Elimination of Cervical Cancer in the Western Pacific,which has received support from the Minderoo Foundation。
文摘Objective: Improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy(LOLE) resulting from a cancer diagnosis and examine disparities in LOLE based on area-level socioeconomic status(SES).Methods: Data were collected for all people between 50 and 89 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer, registered in the NSW Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019, and underwent mortality follow-up evaluations until December 2020. Flexible parametric survival models were fitted to estimate the LOLE by gender and area-level SES for 12 common cancers.Results: Of 422,680 people with cancer, 24% and 18% lived in the most and least disadvantaged areas, respectively. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly greater average LOLE than patients from the least disadvantaged areas for cancers with high survival rates, including prostate [2.9 years(95% CI: 2.5±3.2 years) vs. 1.6 years(95% CI: 1.3±1.9 years)] and breast cancer [1.6 years(95% CI: 1.4±1.8 years) vs. 1.2 years(95% CI: 1.0±1.4 years)]. The highest average LOLE occurred in males residing in the most disadvantaged areas with pancreatic [16.5 years(95% CI: 16.1±16.8 years) vs. 16.2 years(95% CI: 15.7±16.7 years)] and liver cancer [15.5 years(95% CI: 15.0±16.0 years) vs. 14.7 years(95% CI: 14.0±15.5 years)]. Females residing in the least disadvantaged areas with thyroid cancer [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.4±1.4 years) vs. 0.6 years(95% CI: 0.2±1.0 years)] or melanoma [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.8±1.1 years) vs. 0.7 years(95% CI: 0.5±0.8 years)] had the lowest average LOLE.Conclusions: Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had the highest LOLE with SES-based differences greatest for patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage or cancers with higher survival rates, suggesting the need to prioritise early detection and reduce treatment-related barriers and survivorship challenges to improve life expectancy.
文摘Purpose:To explore the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents during their transition to parenthood.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used through the Chinese version of the Childbirth Expectations Questionnaire.A total of 240 expectant parents were recruited when they were admitted to the obstetric units waiting for delivery at a large Maternal and Child Health care Center in Beijing,and 210 couples completed the questionnaires,yielding a response rate of 87.5%.Results:The expectant parents had a high level of childbirth expectations towards caregiving environment,spousal support,control and participation and medical support.Conversely,their expectations toward labor pain and their own ability to cope with the pain were relatively low.Expectant fathers’childbirth expectations and preference of partner’s accompany were two significant predictors of expectant mothers’childbirth expectations,explaining 18.9%and 3.3%of the total variance,respectively.While expectant mothers’childbirth expectations was the only significant predictor of expectant fathers’childbirth expectations.Conclusion:This study adds to understanding of the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents.It is suggested that maternity healthcare providers pay close attention to the childbirth expectations of expectant parents,and improve the nursing care service to promote positive childbirth experiences and satisfaction of expectant parents.
文摘The "expectations gap" signifies the differences between what the public expects from an audit and what the auditing profession prefers the audit objectives to be.Although the gap exists,it seems that the professions trust that it could be eliminated.In this paper,further evidence was provided to deny the above point by exploring the inevitability nature and the structure of the audit expectation gap.In addition,the author concludes that expectations gap cannot be eliminated;instead,the only thing can be done is to narrow down the gap.
