In 1913,the Geological School,affiliated with the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce,was established in order to train specialists to carry out geological surveys in China.Between 1913 and 1916,a number of t...In 1913,the Geological School,affiliated with the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce,was established in order to train specialists to carry out geological surveys in China.Between 1913 and 1916,a number of talented individuals from diverse educational backgrounds followed courses at the Geological School and on graduation these qualified professionals enabled China to conduct independent geological surveys.Based on primary sources,this paper analyzes the establishment process of the Geological School and traces the routes along which geological surveys were conducted in the Late Qing Era(1840–1911)in China.Furthermore,given the nation’s urgent need for geological specialists,an examination of the development of geology in China during this three-year period reveals that the establishment of the Geological School was the only viable solution at that time.展开更多
How the construction unit, on the premise of ensuring openness, fairness and justice, can select a construction enterprise with real strength to undertake the construction task and ensure higher engineering quality th...How the construction unit, on the premise of ensuring openness, fairness and justice, can select a construction enterprise with real strength to undertake the construction task and ensure higher engineering quality through reasonable bidding document setting.展开更多
The establishment of the Buddhist Association of China(BAC)is a major event in the history of contemporary Buddhism in China.Although the Party had clear guidelines for religious work in the early years since the foun...The establishment of the Buddhist Association of China(BAC)is a major event in the history of contemporary Buddhism in China.Although the Party had clear guidelines for religious work in the early years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC),many problems emerged in practice because some officials at the grass-root level did not properly implement the policy due to their lack of ability and understanding of the policy.The Buddhist community also needed an organization to speak on its behalf,so the establishment of the BAC responded to the demands of the times.Led by related departments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the BAC was established.The Symposium on the Issues in Buddhist Community in Han Region was an important part of the founding process of the BAC,and it resolved many major issues.The use of democratic instruments such as dialogue and consultation in the founding process proved to be an important and valuable historical lesson in dealing with religious issues.展开更多
基金support of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.21CZS051)for this study.
文摘In 1913,the Geological School,affiliated with the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce,was established in order to train specialists to carry out geological surveys in China.Between 1913 and 1916,a number of talented individuals from diverse educational backgrounds followed courses at the Geological School and on graduation these qualified professionals enabled China to conduct independent geological surveys.Based on primary sources,this paper analyzes the establishment process of the Geological School and traces the routes along which geological surveys were conducted in the Late Qing Era(1840–1911)in China.Furthermore,given the nation’s urgent need for geological specialists,an examination of the development of geology in China during this three-year period reveals that the establishment of the Geological School was the only viable solution at that time.
文摘How the construction unit, on the premise of ensuring openness, fairness and justice, can select a construction enterprise with real strength to undertake the construction task and ensure higher engineering quality through reasonable bidding document setting.
文摘The establishment of the Buddhist Association of China(BAC)is a major event in the history of contemporary Buddhism in China.Although the Party had clear guidelines for religious work in the early years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC),many problems emerged in practice because some officials at the grass-root level did not properly implement the policy due to their lack of ability and understanding of the policy.The Buddhist community also needed an organization to speak on its behalf,so the establishment of the BAC responded to the demands of the times.Led by related departments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the BAC was established.The Symposium on the Issues in Buddhist Community in Han Region was an important part of the founding process of the BAC,and it resolved many major issues.The use of democratic instruments such as dialogue and consultation in the founding process proved to be an important and valuable historical lesson in dealing with religious issues.
