Addition of Al-5Ti-1B alloy to molten aluminum alloys can refine α-Al grains effectively and thereby improve their strength and toughness. TiAl;and TiB;in Al-5Ti-1B alloy are the main secondary-phase particles for re...Addition of Al-5Ti-1B alloy to molten aluminum alloys can refine α-Al grains effectively and thereby improve their strength and toughness. TiAl;and TiB;in Al-5Ti-1B alloy are the main secondary-phase particles for refinement, while the understanding on the effect of their sizes on α-Al grain refinement continues to be fragmented. Therefore, Al-5Ti-1B alloys with various sizes and morphologies of the secondary-phase particles were prepared by equal channel angular pressing（ECAP）. Evolution of the secondary-phase particles during ECAP process and their impact on α-Al grain refinement were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope（SEM）. Results show that during the ECAP process, micro-cracks firstly appeared inside TiAl;particles and then gradually expanded, which resulted in continuous refinement of TiAl;particles. In addition, micro-distribution uniformity of TiB;particles was improved due to the impingement of TiAl;particles to TiB;clusters during deformation. Excessively large sizes of TiAl;particles would reduce the number of effective heterogeneous nucleus and thus resulted in poor grain refinement effectiveness. Moreover, excessively small TiAl;particles would reduce inhibitory factors for grain growth Q and weaken grain refinement effectiveness. Therefore, an optimal size range of 18-22 μm for TiAl;particles was suggested.展开更多
针对电池制造工艺和使用环境不同所引起的单体间电量不均衡问题,结合双向开关电源理论提出了一种集中式能量转移型单体-整组双向电池均衡方案,根据电池组内单体剩余电量(state of charge,SOC)在电池组内部进行电量双向转移,采用反馈电...针对电池制造工艺和使用环境不同所引起的单体间电量不均衡问题,结合双向开关电源理论提出了一种集中式能量转移型单体-整组双向电池均衡方案,根据电池组内单体剩余电量(state of charge,SOC)在电池组内部进行电量双向转移,采用反馈电路保证均衡电流恒定。通过实验获得电池单体开路电压的滞回特性曲线,并结合充电和放电状态下SOC与开路电压对应关系估计各电池单体SOC,以SOC一致作为均衡目标。实验结果表明,所设计的均衡器均衡电流达到3A,可以满足电池系统均衡需求。展开更多
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51674077 and 51474063)
文摘Addition of Al-5Ti-1B alloy to molten aluminum alloys can refine α-Al grains effectively and thereby improve their strength and toughness. TiAl;and TiB;in Al-5Ti-1B alloy are the main secondary-phase particles for refinement, while the understanding on the effect of their sizes on α-Al grain refinement continues to be fragmented. Therefore, Al-5Ti-1B alloys with various sizes and morphologies of the secondary-phase particles were prepared by equal channel angular pressing（ECAP）. Evolution of the secondary-phase particles during ECAP process and their impact on α-Al grain refinement were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope（SEM）. Results show that during the ECAP process, micro-cracks firstly appeared inside TiAl;particles and then gradually expanded, which resulted in continuous refinement of TiAl;particles. In addition, micro-distribution uniformity of TiB;particles was improved due to the impingement of TiAl;particles to TiB;clusters during deformation. Excessively large sizes of TiAl;particles would reduce the number of effective heterogeneous nucleus and thus resulted in poor grain refinement effectiveness. Moreover, excessively small TiAl;particles would reduce inhibitory factors for grain growth Q and weaken grain refinement effectiveness. Therefore, an optimal size range of 18-22 μm for TiAl;particles was suggested.
文摘针对电池制造工艺和使用环境不同所引起的单体间电量不均衡问题,结合双向开关电源理论提出了一种集中式能量转移型单体-整组双向电池均衡方案,根据电池组内单体剩余电量(state of charge,SOC)在电池组内部进行电量双向转移,采用反馈电路保证均衡电流恒定。通过实验获得电池单体开路电压的滞回特性曲线,并结合充电和放电状态下SOC与开路电压对应关系估计各电池单体SOC,以SOC一致作为均衡目标。实验结果表明,所设计的均衡器均衡电流达到3A,可以满足电池系统均衡需求。
