Tumor immunotherapy has been recognized by Science as the most promising therapeutic approach for tumor eradication,with engineered bacteria emerging as a particularly promising modality.As a novel drug delivery platf...Tumor immunotherapy has been recognized by Science as the most promising therapeutic approach for tumor eradication,with engineered bacteria emerging as a particularly promising modality.As a novel drug delivery platform,the engineered bacterial therapeutics demonstrate exceptional targeting precision and favorable safety profiles.Through attenuation and programmable control strategies,these systems enable highly specific drug delivery,showing significant therapeutic potential in oncology and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances ar...Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances are far from practical needs due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts.Engineering the lattice of metal-based nanomaterials via phase control has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties.Herein,we realize boron(B)-insertion-induced phase regulation of rhodium(Rh)nanocrystals to obtain amorphous Rh_(4)B nanoparticles(NPs)and hexagonal close-packed(hcp)RhB NPs through a facile wet-chemical method.A high Faradaic efficiency(92.1±1.2%)and NH_(3) yield rate(629.5±11.0μmol h^(−1) cm^(−2))are achieved over hcp RhB NPs,far superior to those of most reported NORR nanocatalysts.In situ spectro-electrochemical analysis and density functional theory simulations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performances of hcp RhB NPs are attributed to the upshift of d-band center,enhanced NO adsorption/activation profile,and greatly reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step.A demonstrative Zn-NO battery is assembled using hcp RhB NPs as the cathode and delivers a peak power density of 4.33 mW cm−2,realizing simultaneous NO removal,NH3 synthesis,and electricity output.展开更多
Software engineering has been embraced by almost all industries to promote work efficiency,improve user experience or cut cost.In line with this,the education on software engineering should be made more adaptable to m...Software engineering has been embraced by almost all industries to promote work efficiency,improve user experience or cut cost.In line with this,the education on software engineering should be made more adaptable to meet the needs of industries.Industry-university-research(IUR)collaboration project,which was initially designed to reinforce the association between universities and enterprises,brought added value to this end.In this paper,an IUR collaboration project on tele-rehabilitation is presented as an example for education practice,where emphasis is laid on the ways of analyzing users’needs,converting users’needs to infrastructure design,decomposing a project into tasks,etc.The project had been used as both student assignments and case studies in software engineering courses,where students were motivated to deal with real medical problems from an engineering perspective.It was shown that by introducing the IUR collaboration project,it helped the students to build up engineering-oriented mindset besides improving their R&D ability on software engineering.展开更多
Engineering benefits humanity,and technology creates the future.On October 13,2025,the Global Top Ten Engineering Achievements 2025,selected by the Chinese Academy of Engineering’s flagship journal Engineering,were o...Engineering benefits humanity,and technology creates the future.On October 13,2025,the Global Top Ten Engineering Achievements 2025,selected by the Chinese Academy of Engineering’s flagship journal Engineering,were officially released at the World Federation of Engineering Organizations 2025 General Assembly,jointly organized by the World Federation of Engineering Organizations,China Association for Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Engineering,and Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.展开更多
A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synth...A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.展开更多
Lacto-N-neotetraose(LNn T)is a crucial neutral core human milk oligosaccharide(HMO).In this study,we established a LNn T-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory through comprehensive metabolic engineering.Spec...Lacto-N-neotetraose(LNn T)is a crucial neutral core human milk oligosaccharide(HMO).In this study,we established a LNn T-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory through comprehensive metabolic engineering.Specifically,the de novo biosynthetic pathway of LNn T was assembled by heterologously expressing the lactose permease(lac12)from Kluyveromyces lactis and the glycosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis in S.cerevisiae.Subsequently,carbon source regulation based on the glucose-sensitive GAL regulatory system was employed to optimize the expression time of heterologous genes,achieving a production of 15.61 mg/L of LNn T in shake-flask fermentation.In addition,the key rate-limiting steps involved in LNn T synthesis pathway were identified and the corresponding genes were overexpressed to enhance LNn T production,resulting in an 8-fold increase in LNn T titer compared to that of parental strain.To our knowledge,this is the first report on LNn T biosynthesis in S.cerevisiae,opening up the possibility of green production of LNn T using food-safe microorganisms.展开更多
Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO_(2)-supp...Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov)for efficient photocatalytic water-donating transfer hydrogenation of anethole towards 4-n-propylanisole in a high yield of 99.9%,which is significantly higher compared to the pristine TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2),74%).The enhanced performance is ascribed to the presence of oxygen vacancies,which facilitate light absorption and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov is versatile in hydrogenating various alkene substrates including those with hydroxyl,ether,fluoride,and chloride functional groups in full conversion,thus offering a green method for transfer hydrogenation of alkenes.This study provides new insights and advances in current hydrogenation technology with water as the proton source.展开更多
Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the del...Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.展开更多
Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for...Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.展开更多
With the advent of the AI era,how can students effectively utilize generative AI large models to assist in course learning?At the same time,how can teachers utilize generative AI tools and the teaching concept of OBE ...With the advent of the AI era,how can students effectively utilize generative AI large models to assist in course learning?At the same time,how can teachers utilize generative AI tools and the teaching concept of OBE to stimulate students’innovative consciousness and teamwork ability,enabling students to identify some problems in a certain industry or field and creatively propose feasible solutions,and truly achieve the cultivation of new models in software engineering course teaching with the assistance of generative AI tools?This paper presents research and practice on a new model for cultivating software engineering courses that integrates generative AI and OBE,introduces the specific process of teaching reform and practice,and finally explains the achievements of teaching reform.展开更多
All-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells have emerged as environmentally benign candidates;however,their device performance is still constrained by pronounced carrier recombination losses in the bulk and at inte...All-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells have emerged as environmentally benign candidates;however,their device performance is still constrained by pronounced carrier recombination losses in the bulk and at interfaces.By combining energy band alignment analysis with detailed modeling of recombination mechanisms,a systematic strategy for optimizing hole transport layers is developed.The results reveal that a negative valence band offset produces a cliff-like interface,which facilitates hole extraction while also accounting for the observed variations in open-circuit voltage.Furthermore,short-circuit current losses are quantitatively attributed to different recombination pathways,modeled by incorporating radiative,Shockley–Read–Hall,Auger,and interface recombination processes.This comprehensive approach not only clarifies the correlation between energy level alignment and recombination dynamics but also highlights the competing roles of band offset and interface defects in determining device performance.The optimized device architecture,based on Ge-based lead-free perovskites,achieves a power conversion efficiency of 25.1%,with an open-circuit voltage of 1.29 V,a short-circuit current density of 22.5 mA·cm^(-2),and a fill factor of 86.3%.These findings provide theoretical guidance for designing stable,high-performance,and environmentally friendly lead-free perovskite solar cells.展开更多
High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by t...High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and t...Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.展开更多
The rapid development of new-quality productive forces(NQPF)has intensified the demand for high-level innovative talent.As a representative of NQPF,generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)offers powerful tools to res...The rapid development of new-quality productive forces(NQPF)has intensified the demand for high-level innovative talent.As a representative of NQPF,generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)offers powerful tools to reshape talent cultivation but also presents significant challenges,including skill hollowing,ethical risks,and a growing disconnect between education and industry needs.Currently,graduate-level software engineering education struggles with outdated curricula and insufficient alignment with practical demands.In this paper,we propose a dual-core collaborative framework driven by“GenAI technology”and“industry demand”.Under this framework,we design a four-dimensional capability development path to enhance graduate students’innovation in software engineering practice.This path focuses on①scientific research innovation,②engineering problem-solving,③cross-domain collaborative evolution,and④ethical risk governance.The proposed approach promotes a shift from traditional knowledge transfer to human-machine collaborative innovation,aligning talent cultivation with the demands of the NQPF.展开更多
The diagnostic efficacy of contemporary bioimaging technologies remains constrained by inherent limitations of conventional imaging agents,including suboptimal sensitivity,off-target biodistribution,and inherent cytot...The diagnostic efficacy of contemporary bioimaging technologies remains constrained by inherent limitations of conventional imaging agents,including suboptimal sensitivity,off-target biodistribution,and inherent cytotoxicity.These limitations have catalyzed the development of intelligent stimuli-responsive block copolymers-based bioimaging agents,which was engineered to dynamically respond to endogenous biochemical cues(e.g.,p H gradients,redox potential,enzyme activity,hypoxia environment) or exogenous physical triggers(e.g.,photoirradiation,thermal gradients,ultrasound(US)/magnetic stimuli).Through spatiotemporally controlled structural transformations,stimuli-responsive block copolymers enable precise contrast targeting,activatable signal amplification,and theranostic integration,thereby substantially enhancing signal-to-noise ratios of bioimaging and diagnostic specificity.Hence,this mini-review systematically examines molecular engineering principles for designing p H-,redox-,enzyme-,light-,thermo-,and US/magnetic-responsive polymers,with emphasis on structure-property relationships governing imaging performance modulation.Furthermore,we critically analyze emerging strategies for optical imaging,US synergies,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Multimodal bioimaging has also been elaborated,which could overcome the inherent trade-offs between resolution,penetration depth,and functional specificity in single-modal approaches.By elucidating mechanistic insights and translational challenges,this mini-review aims to establish a design framework of stimuli-responsive block copolymersbased for high fidelity bioimaging agents and accelerate their clinical translation in precise diagnosis and therapy.展开更多
Ionic phototheranostic agents have found extensive application in preclinical and clinical practice owing to their excellent biocompatibility and synergistic diagnostic-therapeutic integration.However,they still suffe...Ionic phototheranostic agents have found extensive application in preclinical and clinical practice owing to their excellent biocompatibility and synergistic diagnostic-therapeutic integration.However,they still suffer from certain limitations,such as short absorption/emission wavelengths,poor photostability,aggregation-caused fluorescence self-quenching,and diminished phototherapeutic efficacy upon aggregation,which collectively hinder their efficacy in complex clinical scenarios.To address these challenges,a second near-infrared(NIR-II)ionic phototheranostic agent,namely DT-BT-BIn,is rationally designed and synthesized via an innovative dual-acceptor engineering strategy.DT-BT-BIn ingeniously integrates benzothiadiazole and benzo[c,d]indolium as dual-acceptor units,which successfully achieves superior aggregation-induced NIR-II emission characteristics,highly efficient Type Ⅰ/Ⅱ photodynamic activity coupled with photothermal effect,and excellent photostability.Moreover,the self-assembled DT-BT-BIn nanoprobes(NPs)can be effectively internalized by cancer cells in vitro.Under irradiation,DT-BT-BIn NPs are capable of disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential,thereby inducing apoptotic cell death.Furthermore,in vivo investigations demonstrate DT-BT-BIn NPs can effectively accumulate at tumor location,enabling NIR-II fluorescence/photothermal imaging-guided precise tumor ablation,while simultaneously maintaining favorable biosafety toward normal tissues.Collectively,this study underscores the considerable promise of the dual-acceptor strategy in constructing high-performance NIR-II ionic phototheranostic agents and provides a new avenue for clinical precision cancer phototherapy.展开更多
Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we d...Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the Hunan Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ20022).
文摘Tumor immunotherapy has been recognized by Science as the most promising therapeutic approach for tumor eradication,with engineered bacteria emerging as a particularly promising modality.As a novel drug delivery platform,the engineered bacterial therapeutics demonstrate exceptional targeting precision and favorable safety profiles.Through attenuation and programmable control strategies,these systems enable highly specific drug delivery,showing significant therapeutic potential in oncology and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).
基金funding support from General Research Fund[Project No.14300525]from the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong SAR,Chinafunding support from Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Young Scientists Fund(Project No.22305203)+2 种基金NSFC Projects Nos.22309123,22422303,22303011,22033002,92261112 and U21A20328support from the Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center(NPMM)at City University of Hong Kongsupport from Young Collaborative Research Grant[Project No.C1003-23Y]support from RGC of Hong Kong SAR,China.
文摘Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances are far from practical needs due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts.Engineering the lattice of metal-based nanomaterials via phase control has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties.Herein,we realize boron(B)-insertion-induced phase regulation of rhodium(Rh)nanocrystals to obtain amorphous Rh_(4)B nanoparticles(NPs)and hexagonal close-packed(hcp)RhB NPs through a facile wet-chemical method.A high Faradaic efficiency(92.1±1.2%)and NH_(3) yield rate(629.5±11.0μmol h^(−1) cm^(−2))are achieved over hcp RhB NPs,far superior to those of most reported NORR nanocatalysts.In situ spectro-electrochemical analysis and density functional theory simulations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performances of hcp RhB NPs are attributed to the upshift of d-band center,enhanced NO adsorption/activation profile,and greatly reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step.A demonstrative Zn-NO battery is assembled using hcp RhB NPs as the cathode and delivers a peak power density of 4.33 mW cm−2,realizing simultaneous NO removal,NH3 synthesis,and electricity output.
基金supported in part by Joint Education Base Project for Postgraduates of Guangdong(866[2024]1-032)Joint Education Project for Postgraduates of Foshan Base(2023FCXM004)+1 种基金Teaching Reformation Projects of South China Normal University([2023]71,027,039,099,191)Selected Projects of the“Challenge-Based Leadership”Action Plan([2025]6,19,20,21).
文摘Software engineering has been embraced by almost all industries to promote work efficiency,improve user experience or cut cost.In line with this,the education on software engineering should be made more adaptable to meet the needs of industries.Industry-university-research(IUR)collaboration project,which was initially designed to reinforce the association between universities and enterprises,brought added value to this end.In this paper,an IUR collaboration project on tele-rehabilitation is presented as an example for education practice,where emphasis is laid on the ways of analyzing users’needs,converting users’needs to infrastructure design,decomposing a project into tasks,etc.The project had been used as both student assignments and case studies in software engineering courses,where students were motivated to deal with real medical problems from an engineering perspective.It was shown that by introducing the IUR collaboration project,it helped the students to build up engineering-oriented mindset besides improving their R&D ability on software engineering.
文摘Engineering benefits humanity,and technology creates the future.On October 13,2025,the Global Top Ten Engineering Achievements 2025,selected by the Chinese Academy of Engineering’s flagship journal Engineering,were officially released at the World Federation of Engineering Organizations 2025 General Assembly,jointly organized by the World Federation of Engineering Organizations,China Association for Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Engineering,and Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.
基金supported by grants from the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
文摘A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108097)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022850)Taihu Innovation-Leading Talent of Wuxi City(1026010241230040)Cross-Integration Innovation Funding of SFST(SFST2023-KY-10).
文摘Lacto-N-neotetraose(LNn T)is a crucial neutral core human milk oligosaccharide(HMO).In this study,we established a LNn T-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory through comprehensive metabolic engineering.Specifically,the de novo biosynthetic pathway of LNn T was assembled by heterologously expressing the lactose permease(lac12)from Kluyveromyces lactis and the glycosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis in S.cerevisiae.Subsequently,carbon source regulation based on the glucose-sensitive GAL regulatory system was employed to optimize the expression time of heterologous genes,achieving a production of 15.61 mg/L of LNn T in shake-flask fermentation.In addition,the key rate-limiting steps involved in LNn T synthesis pathway were identified and the corresponding genes were overexpressed to enhance LNn T production,resulting in an 8-fold increase in LNn T titer compared to that of parental strain.To our knowledge,this is the first report on LNn T biosynthesis in S.cerevisiae,opening up the possibility of green production of LNn T using food-safe microorganisms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2200505)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202105),Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(21KJA150003)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Program of Jiangsu Province(JSSCTD202345).
文摘Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov)for efficient photocatalytic water-donating transfer hydrogenation of anethole towards 4-n-propylanisole in a high yield of 99.9%,which is significantly higher compared to the pristine TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2),74%).The enhanced performance is ascribed to the presence of oxygen vacancies,which facilitate light absorption and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov is versatile in hydrogenating various alkene substrates including those with hydroxyl,ether,fluoride,and chloride functional groups in full conversion,thus offering a green method for transfer hydrogenation of alkenes.This study provides new insights and advances in current hydrogenation technology with water as the proton source.
基金financially supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC2403107)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.2024JH3/10200046)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJ212410163015)。
文摘Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.
基金support from the Contract Research(“Development of Breathable Fabrics with Nano-Electrospun Membrane”,CityU ref.:9231419“Research and application of antibacterial and healing-promoting smart nanofiber dressing for children’s burn wounds”,CityU ref:PJ9240111)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(“Study of Multi-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane Nanocomposites Inspired by Natural Fibers”,Grant No.51673162)Startup Grant of CityU(“Laboratory of Wearable Materials for Healthcare”,Grant No.9380116).
文摘Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Research Project“Exploring the Practical Application of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cultivating Innovative Thinking and Capabilities of Interdisciplinary Application Technology Talents‘Practice Path’”(C2025299)the university-level postgraduate course project“Software Process Management”(PX-2025251502)of Shanghai Sanda Universitythe key course project at the university level of Shanghai Sanda University,“Introduction to Software Engineering”(PX-5241216).
文摘With the advent of the AI era,how can students effectively utilize generative AI large models to assist in course learning?At the same time,how can teachers utilize generative AI tools and the teaching concept of OBE to stimulate students’innovative consciousness and teamwork ability,enabling students to identify some problems in a certain industry or field and creatively propose feasible solutions,and truly achieve the cultivation of new models in software engineering course teaching with the assistance of generative AI tools?This paper presents research and practice on a new model for cultivating software engineering courses that integrates generative AI and OBE,introduces the specific process of teaching reform and practice,and finally explains the achievements of teaching reform.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52102165 and 62474056)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant Nos.NY221029 and NY222165)。
文摘All-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells have emerged as environmentally benign candidates;however,their device performance is still constrained by pronounced carrier recombination losses in the bulk and at interfaces.By combining energy band alignment analysis with detailed modeling of recombination mechanisms,a systematic strategy for optimizing hole transport layers is developed.The results reveal that a negative valence band offset produces a cliff-like interface,which facilitates hole extraction while also accounting for the observed variations in open-circuit voltage.Furthermore,short-circuit current losses are quantitatively attributed to different recombination pathways,modeled by incorporating radiative,Shockley–Read–Hall,Auger,and interface recombination processes.This comprehensive approach not only clarifies the correlation between energy level alignment and recombination dynamics but also highlights the competing roles of band offset and interface defects in determining device performance.The optimized device architecture,based on Ge-based lead-free perovskites,achieves a power conversion efficiency of 25.1%,with an open-circuit voltage of 1.29 V,a short-circuit current density of 22.5 mA·cm^(-2),and a fill factor of 86.3%.These findings provide theoretical guidance for designing stable,high-performance,and environmentally friendly lead-free perovskite solar cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52474397)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.242017127)+1 种基金the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-2021-04C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202316)the support of the China Experience Fund and the Stephen Slavens Faculty Scholar Endowment Fund from Oregon State University。
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.
基金supported in part by the Graduate Education Reform Research Project of Hubei University of Technology under Grant 2024YB003the Hubei University of Arts and Science,Teaching Research Project,under Grant JY2025018.
文摘The rapid development of new-quality productive forces(NQPF)has intensified the demand for high-level innovative talent.As a representative of NQPF,generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)offers powerful tools to reshape talent cultivation but also presents significant challenges,including skill hollowing,ethical risks,and a growing disconnect between education and industry needs.Currently,graduate-level software engineering education struggles with outdated curricula and insufficient alignment with practical demands.In this paper,we propose a dual-core collaborative framework driven by“GenAI technology”and“industry demand”.Under this framework,we design a four-dimensional capability development path to enhance graduate students’innovation in software engineering practice.This path focuses on①scientific research innovation,②engineering problem-solving,③cross-domain collaborative evolution,and④ethical risk governance.The proposed approach promotes a shift from traditional knowledge transfer to human-machine collaborative innovation,aligning talent cultivation with the demands of the NQPF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22208218,22078196,and 22278268)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No.22ZR1460400)Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics,and Collaborative Innovation Project of Shanghai Institute of Technology (No.XTCX2023-07)。
文摘The diagnostic efficacy of contemporary bioimaging technologies remains constrained by inherent limitations of conventional imaging agents,including suboptimal sensitivity,off-target biodistribution,and inherent cytotoxicity.These limitations have catalyzed the development of intelligent stimuli-responsive block copolymers-based bioimaging agents,which was engineered to dynamically respond to endogenous biochemical cues(e.g.,p H gradients,redox potential,enzyme activity,hypoxia environment) or exogenous physical triggers(e.g.,photoirradiation,thermal gradients,ultrasound(US)/magnetic stimuli).Through spatiotemporally controlled structural transformations,stimuli-responsive block copolymers enable precise contrast targeting,activatable signal amplification,and theranostic integration,thereby substantially enhancing signal-to-noise ratios of bioimaging and diagnostic specificity.Hence,this mini-review systematically examines molecular engineering principles for designing p H-,redox-,enzyme-,light-,thermo-,and US/magnetic-responsive polymers,with emphasis on structure-property relationships governing imaging performance modulation.Furthermore,we critically analyze emerging strategies for optical imaging,US synergies,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Multimodal bioimaging has also been elaborated,which could overcome the inherent trade-offs between resolution,penetration depth,and functional specificity in single-modal approaches.By elucidating mechanistic insights and translational challenges,this mini-review aims to establish a design framework of stimuli-responsive block copolymersbased for high fidelity bioimaging agents and accelerate their clinical translation in precise diagnosis and therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82572410,22405063,32300048,22307080)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515110122,2024A1515010677,2024A1515012842,2024A1515012577)+3 种基金Characteristic Innovation Project of Guangdong Province General University(2024KTSCX166,2024KTSCX168)State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis,Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia Fund(SKL-HIDCA-2024-GJ3)Clinical and Basic Science&Technology Innovation Special Project of Guangdong Medical University(GDMULCJC2024161,GDMULCJC2024120)Guangdong Medical University Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Base Project(JDXM2024042).
文摘Ionic phototheranostic agents have found extensive application in preclinical and clinical practice owing to their excellent biocompatibility and synergistic diagnostic-therapeutic integration.However,they still suffer from certain limitations,such as short absorption/emission wavelengths,poor photostability,aggregation-caused fluorescence self-quenching,and diminished phototherapeutic efficacy upon aggregation,which collectively hinder their efficacy in complex clinical scenarios.To address these challenges,a second near-infrared(NIR-II)ionic phototheranostic agent,namely DT-BT-BIn,is rationally designed and synthesized via an innovative dual-acceptor engineering strategy.DT-BT-BIn ingeniously integrates benzothiadiazole and benzo[c,d]indolium as dual-acceptor units,which successfully achieves superior aggregation-induced NIR-II emission characteristics,highly efficient Type Ⅰ/Ⅱ photodynamic activity coupled with photothermal effect,and excellent photostability.Moreover,the self-assembled DT-BT-BIn nanoprobes(NPs)can be effectively internalized by cancer cells in vitro.Under irradiation,DT-BT-BIn NPs are capable of disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential,thereby inducing apoptotic cell death.Furthermore,in vivo investigations demonstrate DT-BT-BIn NPs can effectively accumulate at tumor location,enabling NIR-II fluorescence/photothermal imaging-guided precise tumor ablation,while simultaneously maintaining favorable biosafety toward normal tissues.Collectively,this study underscores the considerable promise of the dual-acceptor strategy in constructing high-performance NIR-II ionic phototheranostic agents and provides a new avenue for clinical precision cancer phototherapy.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (62504130)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0704100)+3 种基金the Key university laboratory of highly efficient utilization of solar energy and sustainable development of Guangdong (Y01256331)the Technology Development Project of Henan Province (252102240047)the Pico Center at SUSTech CRF which receives support from the Presidential FundDevelopment and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
文摘Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.
