Following the publication of Xu et al.(2022),an error was identified in Figure 1D.Specifically,the top left panel was inadvertently duplicated during figure preparation.To ensure the accuracy and integrity of our publ...Following the publication of Xu et al.(2022),an error was identified in Figure 1D.Specifically,the top left panel was inadvertently duplicated during figure preparation.To ensure the accuracy and integrity of our published work,we request the publication of a corrigendum with the corrected image.We apologize for this oversight and any confusion it may have caused.The amended figure is provided in the updated Supplementary Materials.展开更多
Spermatozoa have a highly complex RNA profile.Several of these transcripts are suggested as biomarkers for male infertility and contribute to early development.To analyze the differences between sperm RNA quantity and...Spermatozoa have a highly complex RNA profile.Several of these transcripts are suggested as biomarkers for male infertility and contribute to early development.To analyze the differences between sperm RNA quantity and expression of protamine(PRM1 and PRM2)and testis-specific histone 2B(TH2B)genes,spermatozoa from 33 patients who enrolled in assisted reproduction treatment(ART)program were analyzed.Sperm RNA of teratozoospermic(T),oligoteratozoospermic(OT),and normozoospermic(N)samples was extracted,and the differences in transcript levels among the study groups were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The correlations of total RNA per spermatozoon and the expression of the transcripts were evaluated in relation to sperm characteristics and preimplantation embryo development.The mean(±standard deviation)RNA amount per spermatozoon was 28.48(±23.03)femtogram in the overall group and was significantly higher in the OT group than that in N and T groups.Total sperm RNA and gene expression of PRM1 and PRM2 genes were related to preimplantation embryo development and developmental arrest.Specific sperm characteristics were correlated with the expressions of PRM1,PRM2,or TH2B genes.We conclude that the sperm RNA amount and composition are important factors and might influence early embryonic development and also differ in different cases of male infertility.展开更多
Spatial transcriptomics technology provides novel insights into the spatial organization of gene expression during embryonic development.In this study,we propose a method that integrates analysis across both temporal ...Spatial transcriptomics technology provides novel insights into the spatial organization of gene expression during embryonic development.In this study,we propose a method that integrates analysis across both temporal and spatial dimensions to investigate spatial transcriptomics data from mouse embryos at different developmental stages.We quantified the spatial expression pattern of each gene at various stages by calculating its Moran’s I.Furthermore,by employing time-series clustering to identify dynamic co-expression modules,we identified several developmentally stage-specific regulatory gene modules.A key finding was the presence of distinct,stage-specific gene network modules across different developmental periods:Early modules focused on morphogenesis,mid-stage on organ development,and late-stage on neural and tissue maturation.Functional enrichment analysis further confirmed the core biological functions of each module.The dynamic,spatially-resolved gene expression model constructed in this study not only provides new biological insights into the programmed spatiotemporal reorganization of gene regulatory networks during embryonic development but also presents an effective approach for analyzing complex spatiotemporal omics data.This work provides a new perspective for understanding developmental biology,regenerative medicine,and related fields.展开更多
More and more studies have demonstrated that pseudogenes possess coding ability,and the functions of their transcripts in the development of diseases have been partially revealed.However,the role of pseudogenes in mai...More and more studies have demonstrated that pseudogenes possess coding ability,and the functions of their transcripts in the development of diseases have been partially revealed.However,the role of pseudogenes in maintenance of normal physiological states and life activities has long been neglected.Here,we identify pseudogenes that are dynamically expressed during human early embryogenesis,showing different expression patterns from that of adult tissues.We explore the expression correlation between pseudogenes and the parent genes,partly due to their shared gene regulatory elements or the potential regulation network between them.The essential role of three pseudogenes,PI4KAP1,TMED10P1,and FBXW4P1,in maintaining self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells is demonstrated.We further find that the three pseudogenes might perform their regulatory functions by binding to proteins or microRNAs.The pseudogene-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms are significantly associated with human congenital disease,further illustrating their importance during early embryonic development.Overall,this study is an excavation and exploration of functional pseudogenes during early human embryonic development,suggesting that pseudogenes are not only capable of being specifically activated in pathological states,but also play crucial roles in the maintenance of normal physiological states.展开更多
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2(IDH2)and glutamate dehydrogenase 1(GLUD1)are key enzymes involved in the production ofα-ketoglutarate(α-KG),a metabolite central to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamine metabolism.In...Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2(IDH2)and glutamate dehydrogenase 1(GLUD1)are key enzymes involved in the production ofα-ketoglutarate(α-KG),a metabolite central to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamine metabolism.In this study,we investigated the impact of IDH2 and GLUD1 on early porcine embryonic development following IDH2 and GLUD1 knockdown(KD)via doublestranded RNA(dsRNA)microinjection.Results showed that KD reducedα-KG levels,leading to delayed embryonic development,decreased blastocyst formation,increased apoptosis,reduced blastomere proliferation,and pluripotency.Additionally,IDH2 and GLUD1 KD induced abnormally high levels of trimethylation of lysine 20 of histone H4(H4K20me3)at the 4-cell stage,likely resulting in transcriptional repression of embryonic genome activation(EGA)-related genes.Notably,KD of lysine methyltransferase 5C(KMT5C)and supplementation with exogenousα-KG reduced H4K20me3 expression and partially rescued these defects,suggesting a critical role of IDH2 and GLUD1 in the epigenetic regulation and proper development of porcine embryos.Overall,this study highlights the significance of IDH2 and GLUD1 in maintaining normal embryonic development through their influence onα-KG production and subsequent epigenetic modifications.展开更多
We investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, Odorrana tormota （Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae）. Embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs’ eggs, and the...We investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, Odorrana tormota （Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae）. Embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs’ eggs, and the staging of development was based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Two major periods of development were designated： i） early embryonic period, from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 324 h at water temperature （WT） 18 ？23℃; ii） larval period, from operculum completion stage to tail absorbed stage, took 1207 h at WT 20 ？ 24℃. Tadpoles of the concave-eared torrent frogs showed no evidence of abdominal sucker. Absence of this key characteristic supports the view from molecular systematics that concave-eared torrent frog does not belong to the genus Amolops. Two cleavage patterns were observed in embryos at 8-cell and 16-cell stages, with Pattern I2 （latitudinal cleavage at the 8-cell stage, and meridional cleavage at the 16-cell stage with two perpendicular meridional furrows） being the predominant pattern and only 1.5% belonging to Pattern II （meridional cleavage at the 8-cell stage and latitudinal cleavage at the 16-cell stage）. The factors affecting cleavage and hatching ratios, developmental speed, and ecological adaptation were discussed.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development process of Leiocassis crassilabris. [Method] Wild L. crassilabris collected from the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River was used as parent fish for i...[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development process of Leiocassis crassilabris. [Method] Wild L. crassilabris collected from the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River was used as parent fish for intensive breeding and propagation by artificial insemination. The entire embryonic development process of L. crassilabris from insemination to hatching out of larvae fish was observed consecutively. [Result] Fertilized eggs of L. crassilabris are spherical, and the egg diameter is about 2.2-2.4 mm after water absorption; under conditions of water temperature ranging from 27 to 28 ℃, the embryonic development of L. crassilabris from insemination to hatching out of larvae fish lasted 2 496 min, with a total accumulated temperature of 1 123-1 165 h·℃. [Conclusion] This study is advantageous to better understand the characteristics of embryonic development of L. crassilabris and provides basic biological data for protection and utilization of fish resources and other related work.展开更多
[Objective] Aim to know the whole process of embryonic development of loach. [Method] DOM + LHRH-A2 was used to induce spawning of loach,then after fertilization,the embryos were cultured into freshwater water with te...[Objective] Aim to know the whole process of embryonic development of loach. [Method] DOM + LHRH-A2 was used to induce spawning of loach,then after fertilization,the embryos were cultured into freshwater water with temperature from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. The embryonic development of loach was observed and 27 concrete morphological characteristics and development time of loach from fertilized egg to newly hatched larval period were described in detail. [Result] The embryonic development of loach could be divided into cleavage stage,blastocyst stage,gastrula stage,neurula stage and organogenesis stage. The loach embryo from fertilized egg to out membrane period was 30 h 45 min in fresh water from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. [Conclusion] It provided important reference for studying artificial propagation and genetic breeding of loach.展开更多
The localization of four neuropeptidelike substances during embryonic development in amphibian was studied by using immuno cytochemical technique. The cells with positive reaction appeared firstly in the endoderm ce...The localization of four neuropeptidelike substances during embryonic development in amphibian was studied by using immuno cytochemical technique. The cells with positive reaction appeared firstly in the endoderm cells during early tailbud stage, and then were detected in connective tissue at the outer portion of gastrointestinal tract during tadpole stage. In the nervous system, the cells with positive reaction were observed in cranial ganglion and glial cells at the outer margin of the brain and in the inner wall of ventricles. They were also frequently observed in the epidermis during late tailbud stage. The relationship between the appearance of neuropeptides in timespatial sequences and the development of nervous system, the neural crest origin of the cells with positive reaction, and the role of epidermal conductivity in neuropeptidelike cells in epiderms were discussed.展开更多
[ Objective ] The purpose was to provide a reference for crossbreeding of grass carp. [ Method] We conducted hybridization between Ctenopharyngodon ideUus （ ♀ ） and Elopichthys bambusa ♂ ） by artificial methods. ...[ Objective ] The purpose was to provide a reference for crossbreeding of grass carp. [ Method] We conducted hybridization between Ctenopharyngodon ideUus （ ♀ ） and Elopichthys bambusa ♂ ） by artificial methods. The process of embryo and postembryonic development were observed and recorded. [ Result ] The fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate of the hybrid F1 were （75.8 ± 6. 2）%, （41.9 ± 8.2）% and （9.3± 3.7）%, respectively. At the water temperature of 20.1 -21.6℃, the larvae was hatched for about 34 h and 25 rain after fertilization. The whole length of newly-hatched larvae of the hybrid Fl was （5.8 ± 0.12） mm. The larvae could feed rotifer and unicellular algae after 3 or 4 days hatching. Postembryonic development of the hybrid at the formation of scales, lasted for 65 days when the young was（74.0 ± 2.1 ） mm in whole length. [ Conclusion] The embryonic development of hybrid F1 was intermediate to their parents, the form of the hybrid F1 was similar to that of their female line of grass carp. The growth rate of larva was faster than that of grass carp and similar to that of their paternal fish.展开更多
Metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in the course of embryonic development ofsilkworm (variety Guang) was determined by using colorimetric analysis and oxygen electrodemethod. The results indicated that: 1) In the course ...Metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in the course of embryonic development ofsilkworm (variety Guang) was determined by using colorimetric analysis and oxygen electrodemethod. The results indicated that: 1) In the course of fertilization (0-4 h after egg laying), thelevel of H_2O_2 content reached its peak value at 2.5 h of the developmental course and the activity ofsuperoxidase dismutase (SOD) was at higher level while the activity of catalase (CAT) at the lowestcorrespondingly; 2) The H_2O_2 content in embryo, in which the diapause of eggs was being relievedthrough treatment with hydrochloric acid on time in the course of embryonic development, wassignificantly higher than that of diapause eggs except the lower level showed in the embryo whenthe development of it went on for 168~216 h and the activity of SOD reached, lower and higher,tWo peaks in 72 and 168 h after egg-laying, respectively, and was significantly higher in late stagewhile the activity of CAT was shown with a stable level in the period of 72-192 h after egg-laying,and, after then, a rapid rising occurred in the embryo. The level of the CAT activity in embryowas shown significantly lower than that in diapause eggs in early period and higher in late stage ofegg development; 3) In the course of formation of diapause in eggs, the level of H_2O_2contentchanged smoothly and the activity of SOD changed vigorously in early period, and kept stable statelater; and the CAT activity increased gradually; while in the course of relief of diapause under ontime-treatment with hydrochloric acid, the level of H_2O_2 was significantly higher than that indiapause eggs and the SOD activity displayed a new peak value and significantly rose in later stage,while the activity of CAT in relieving embryo from diapause was signincantly lower than that indiapause eggs. Combining the results obtained in other researches with those from ours mentionedabove, we suggest that the metabolism of H_2O_2 might be of importance in the courses of formationand relief of diapause in silkworm eggs. Maybe the esterase A4 timer hypothesis and themicropylar barrier to oxygen hypothesis could be integrated for explanation of the course offormation and relief of diapause in silkworm eggs.展开更多
mRNA differential display was established by Liang and Pardee in 1992 for the purpose of displaying the mRNA differences between two tissues. The early embryonic development in animals is primarily controlled by the ...mRNA differential display was established by Liang and Pardee in 1992 for the purpose of displaying the mRNA differences between two tissues. The early embryonic development in animals is primarily controlled by the maternal RNAs stored in egg. These mRNAs are being degraded as the development proceeds. In some animals, such as fish and amphibian, new transcripts do not appear until the midblastula stage (midblastula transition, MBT). In other animals, for example in mouse, the zygotic genes are expressed during very early stages of development. The mRNA programmed synthesis and degradation during embryonic development controls the cell differentiation, germlayer formation and pattern formation. All these mRNA changes could be displayed side by side as cDNA band differences by mRNA differential display and the genes corresponding to these differential mRNAs could thus be obtained.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of Percocypris pingi pingi （Tchang） at the embryonic and postembryonic developmental periods and to demonstrate the early developmental stage of P. p...This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of Percocypris pingi pingi （Tchang） at the embryonic and postembryonic developmental periods and to demonstrate the early developmental stage of P. pingi pingi （Tchang）. According to the results, the fully mature eggs were spherical, orange-col- ored, sticky, 2.2 mm in diameter; the maximum outer diameter reached 3.2 -3.8 mm after absorbing water. When water temperature was （18 -＋ 0.5） ~C, the first cleavage occun~ at 2h 28 min post-fertilization; organs began to form at 45 h 23 min post-fertilization; larvae were hatched at 126 h 28 min post-fertilization. Newly hatched larvae exhibited a total length of 10.4 mm, with large and compressed yolk sacs. According to the morphological characteristics, the embryonic de- velopmental process of P. pingi pingi （Tchang） could be divided into seven continuous stages, including fertilized egg stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, early gastrula stage, neurala stage, organ formation stage and hatching stage, which were further divided into 32 phases. When water temperature ranged from 18.8 ~C to 25.0 ~C, the whole developmental process of P. pingi pingi （Tchang） from larvae to juveniles lasted 93 d. According to the morphological and ecological charac- teristics, the pestembryonic developmental process of P. pingi pingi （Tchang） could be divided into three stages, including yolk-sac larva stage, late larva stage and junenile stage. This study laid solid foundation for .展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development of the F1 hybrid between Ryukin （♀） and Dragon-eye （♂）. [Method] Embryonic development of the FI hybrid and parents between Ryukin （♀） and Dra...[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development of the F1 hybrid between Ryukin （♀） and Dragon-eye （♂）. [Method] Embryonic development of the FI hybrid and parents between Ryukin （♀） and Dragon-eye （♂） was observed with XTL-2400 anatomical lens continuously. The organ characteristics and structures at each development stage were observed with OLYMPUS CKX41 microscopes, and photographed and recorded with a digital camera. [Result] At a water temperature of 25℃, the hatching time of the F1 hybrid is 51.3 h, the hatching time of Ryukin embryo is 52.4 h and that of Dragon-eye embryo is 56.3 h. [Conclusion] This study provides certain theoretical and practical basis for improving morphological characteristics of the existing Dragon-eye goldfish.展开更多
Poyang Lake catfish （Silurus asotus Linnaeus） is native to Poyang Lake Basin. Artificial propagation of Poyang Lake catfish was carried out by using artificial insemination. Under water temperature of 18-26 ℃, embr...Poyang Lake catfish （Silurus asotus Linnaeus） is native to Poyang Lake Basin. Artificial propagation of Poyang Lake catfish was carried out by using artificial insemination. Under water temperature of 18-26 ℃, embryonic development of Poyang Lake catfish in impounded water was observed and recorded in detail. Embryonic development of Poyang Lake catfish encountered seven stages, and it last- ed for 47.08 h from the fertilized egg stage to the stripping stage. The hatching time of Silurus meridionalis Chen was shortest, followed by that of Poyang Lake catfish, and the hatching time of Pelteobagrus vachelli was longest.展开更多
This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artific...This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities(low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities(P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity(P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15(P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70(P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.展开更多
The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized ...The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized eggs at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization, and the induced triploidy rates were 31.2%-50% and the relative hatching rates were 53.3%-99%. Gynogenetic diploids were obtained when eggs were inseminated with irradiated sperm and cold shocked at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization. The induced gynogenetic diploid rates and the relative hatching rates were 94%-96% and 48.5%-68.5% respectively. The embryonic development of the triploid experimental group and of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group was delayed at first compared with the control group. But from the gastrula stage, it was not delayed anymore. There were no significant differences in the growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae, and in the growth of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae according to Student’s t test (α=0.05). The relationship between the early growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and that of gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae was also studied.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to study the genes affecting division mode in the early embryonic development of Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Two T-DNA insertion mutants were isolated from the mutant library of A.thalia...[Objective] This study aimed to study the genes affecting division mode in the early embryonic development of Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Two T-DNA insertion mutants were isolated from the mutant library of A.thaliana inserted by T-DNA,and the embryonic development was reflected by phenotypes.[Result] Genomic PCR-WALKING analyses demonstrated that T-DNA insertion sites were in 5＇ non-coding region and promoter region of gene At4g20360 which encodes Rab GTPase RABE1b,and the two mutants were named as Atrabe1b-1 and Atrabe1b-2,respectively.Microscopic analysis on mutants revealed that there was an abnormal cell division pattern in early globular stage of embryonic development.In addition,RT-PCR analysis showed that gene At4g20360 was constitutively expressed in A.thaliana.[Conclusion] Gene At4g20360 affected the division pattern of early embryonic development in A.thaliana,and encoded protein GTPase RABE1b which may play an important role in cell division during the embryonic development of A.thaliana.展开更多
This study aimed to study the development characteristics of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus at the embryo, larval, juvenile and young fish stages, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of E. fuscoguttatus. [Method] The...This study aimed to study the development characteristics of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus at the embryo, larval, juvenile and young fish stages, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of E. fuscoguttatus. [Method] The morphological characteristics and embryonic and post embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus, including the occurrence and development of nervous system, digestive system and circulatory system, were observed and analyzed using eggs self-fertilized with artificially induced spawning in the breeding base of Hainan Province. [Result] The fertilized egg of E. fuscoguttatus is spherical, colorless transparent with single oil ball, and its diameter ranges from 0.83 to 0.94 mm. Based on the development process, the embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus was divided into six stages, namely fertilized egg stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, idiosome formation stage and hatching stage. The entire embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus required 20 h 47 min in the sea water with temperature of 28.4-31.9℃ salinity of 31-32 and pH of 8.4, and the total cumulative temperature was 455.361 ℃·h. The post embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus was divided into larval stage, juvenile stage and young fish stage based on the features of the yolk-sac, second dorsal fin spine, pelvic fin spine, and body color. Accordingly, the larval stage was further classified into pre-larva and post-larva, with or without yolk-sac, respectively. The extension and shrinkage of the first pelvic fin spine and the second dorsal fin spine as well as the spinules on aforementioned spines were the most significant changes during the post embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus. [Conclusion] This study will provide some basic data for industrial breeding of E. fuscoguttatus.展开更多
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc （Zn） injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres b...Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc （Zn） injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broiler breeders. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine an optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0.1 mL sterilized water at 3, 6 and 9 embryonic days of incubation （E3, E6 and E9） or non-injection （the control）, respectively. The results from experiment 1 showed that E3 and E6 injections increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortalities, and decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared to the non-injected control, but no differences （P〉0.05） between E9 injection and the non-injected control were observed in either embryonic mortality or hatchability. The findings suggest that the E9 is the optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. In experiment 2, a total of 672 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0 （the negative control）, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg Zn/egg as reagent grade ZnSO4.7H20 in a 0.1-mL solution, or non-injection （the positive control）, respectively at E9-10. The results from the experiment 2 demonstrated that no differences （P〉0.05） among 50 and 100 μg Zn/egg groups and the negative control were observed in the embryonic mortality and hatchability, however, the injection of 200 μg Zn/egg increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortality, and injections of 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared with the controls. The embryonic tibia Zn contents at E20 were increased （P〈0.05） by injections of 150, 200 and 250μg Zn/egg. Zinc injection did not affect （P〉0.05） malonaldehyde （MDA） contents, copper- and Zn- containing superoxide dismutase （CuZnSOD） activities and mRNA expression levels in the liver and heart of chick embryos at E15 and E20. Compared with the negative control, injections of 50, 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg up-regulated （P〈0.05） themetallothionein （MT） mRNA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20. These results indicated that in ovo Zn injections increased Zn contents in the embryonic tibia and MT mRNA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20, however, injections of 150-200 μg Zn/egg were harmful to the embryonic development.展开更多
文摘Following the publication of Xu et al.(2022),an error was identified in Figure 1D.Specifically,the top left panel was inadvertently duplicated during figure preparation.To ensure the accuracy and integrity of our published work,we request the publication of a corrigendum with the corrected image.We apologize for this oversight and any confusion it may have caused.The amended figure is provided in the updated Supplementary Materials.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University(No.13930).
文摘Spermatozoa have a highly complex RNA profile.Several of these transcripts are suggested as biomarkers for male infertility and contribute to early development.To analyze the differences between sperm RNA quantity and expression of protamine(PRM1 and PRM2)and testis-specific histone 2B(TH2B)genes,spermatozoa from 33 patients who enrolled in assisted reproduction treatment(ART)program were analyzed.Sperm RNA of teratozoospermic(T),oligoteratozoospermic(OT),and normozoospermic(N)samples was extracted,and the differences in transcript levels among the study groups were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The correlations of total RNA per spermatozoon and the expression of the transcripts were evaluated in relation to sperm characteristics and preimplantation embryo development.The mean(±standard deviation)RNA amount per spermatozoon was 28.48(±23.03)femtogram in the overall group and was significantly higher in the OT group than that in N and T groups.Total sperm RNA and gene expression of PRM1 and PRM2 genes were related to preimplantation embryo development and developmental arrest.Specific sperm characteristics were correlated with the expressions of PRM1,PRM2,or TH2B genes.We conclude that the sperm RNA amount and composition are important factors and might influence early embryonic development and also differ in different cases of male infertility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12090052,U24A2014,and 12325405).
文摘Spatial transcriptomics technology provides novel insights into the spatial organization of gene expression during embryonic development.In this study,we propose a method that integrates analysis across both temporal and spatial dimensions to investigate spatial transcriptomics data from mouse embryos at different developmental stages.We quantified the spatial expression pattern of each gene at various stages by calculating its Moran’s I.Furthermore,by employing time-series clustering to identify dynamic co-expression modules,we identified several developmentally stage-specific regulatory gene modules.A key finding was the presence of distinct,stage-specific gene network modules across different developmental periods:Early modules focused on morphogenesis,mid-stage on organ development,and late-stage on neural and tissue maturation.Functional enrichment analysis further confirmed the core biological functions of each module.The dynamic,spatially-resolved gene expression model constructed in this study not only provides new biological insights into the programmed spatiotemporal reorganization of gene regulatory networks during embryonic development but also presents an effective approach for analyzing complex spatiotemporal omics data.This work provides a new perspective for understanding developmental biology,regenerative medicine,and related fields.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0805703,2019YFA0801800,and 2019YFA0802600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330007,82122005,92268205 and 81970101)+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M1-019)Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund(22HHXBSS00027)。
文摘More and more studies have demonstrated that pseudogenes possess coding ability,and the functions of their transcripts in the development of diseases have been partially revealed.However,the role of pseudogenes in maintenance of normal physiological states and life activities has long been neglected.Here,we identify pseudogenes that are dynamically expressed during human early embryogenesis,showing different expression patterns from that of adult tissues.We explore the expression correlation between pseudogenes and the parent genes,partly due to their shared gene regulatory elements or the potential regulation network between them.The essential role of three pseudogenes,PI4KAP1,TMED10P1,and FBXW4P1,in maintaining self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells is demonstrated.We further find that the three pseudogenes might perform their regulatory functions by binding to proteins or microRNAs.The pseudogene-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms are significantly associated with human congenital disease,further illustrating their importance during early embryonic development.Overall,this study is an excavation and exploration of functional pseudogenes during early human embryonic development,suggesting that pseudogenes are not only capable of being specifically activated in pathological states,but also play crucial roles in the maintenance of normal physiological states.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(2022R1A2C300769),Republic of Korea。
文摘Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2(IDH2)and glutamate dehydrogenase 1(GLUD1)are key enzymes involved in the production ofα-ketoglutarate(α-KG),a metabolite central to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamine metabolism.In this study,we investigated the impact of IDH2 and GLUD1 on early porcine embryonic development following IDH2 and GLUD1 knockdown(KD)via doublestranded RNA(dsRNA)microinjection.Results showed that KD reducedα-KG levels,leading to delayed embryonic development,decreased blastocyst formation,increased apoptosis,reduced blastomere proliferation,and pluripotency.Additionally,IDH2 and GLUD1 KD induced abnormally high levels of trimethylation of lysine 20 of histone H4(H4K20me3)at the 4-cell stage,likely resulting in transcriptional repression of embryonic genome activation(EGA)-related genes.Notably,KD of lysine methyltransferase 5C(KMT5C)and supplementation with exogenousα-KG reduced H4K20me3 expression and partially rescued these defects,suggesting a critical role of IDH2 and GLUD1 in the epigenetic regulation and proper development of porcine embryos.Overall,this study highlights the significance of IDH2 and GLUD1 in maintaining normal embryonic development through their influence onα-KG production and subsequent epigenetic modifications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(30730029)
文摘We investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, Odorrana tormota （Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae）. Embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs’ eggs, and the staging of development was based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Two major periods of development were designated： i） early embryonic period, from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 324 h at water temperature （WT） 18 ？23℃; ii） larval period, from operculum completion stage to tail absorbed stage, took 1207 h at WT 20 ？ 24℃. Tadpoles of the concave-eared torrent frogs showed no evidence of abdominal sucker. Absence of this key characteristic supports the view from molecular systematics that concave-eared torrent frog does not belong to the genus Amolops. Two cleavage patterns were observed in embryos at 8-cell and 16-cell stages, with Pattern I2 （latitudinal cleavage at the 8-cell stage, and meridional cleavage at the 16-cell stage with two perpendicular meridional furrows） being the predominant pattern and only 1.5% belonging to Pattern II （meridional cleavage at the 8-cell stage and latitudinal cleavage at the 16-cell stage）. The factors affecting cleavage and hatching ratios, developmental speed, and ecological adaptation were discussed.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province(BE2009335)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development process of Leiocassis crassilabris. [Method] Wild L. crassilabris collected from the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River was used as parent fish for intensive breeding and propagation by artificial insemination. The entire embryonic development process of L. crassilabris from insemination to hatching out of larvae fish was observed consecutively. [Result] Fertilized eggs of L. crassilabris are spherical, and the egg diameter is about 2.2-2.4 mm after water absorption; under conditions of water temperature ranging from 27 to 28 ℃, the embryonic development of L. crassilabris from insemination to hatching out of larvae fish lasted 2 496 min, with a total accumulated temperature of 1 123-1 165 h·℃. [Conclusion] This study is advantageous to better understand the characteristics of embryonic development of L. crassilabris and provides basic biological data for protection and utilization of fish resources and other related work.
文摘[Objective] Aim to know the whole process of embryonic development of loach. [Method] DOM + LHRH-A2 was used to induce spawning of loach,then after fertilization,the embryos were cultured into freshwater water with temperature from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. The embryonic development of loach was observed and 27 concrete morphological characteristics and development time of loach from fertilized egg to newly hatched larval period were described in detail. [Result] The embryonic development of loach could be divided into cleavage stage,blastocyst stage,gastrula stage,neurula stage and organogenesis stage. The loach embryo from fertilized egg to out membrane period was 30 h 45 min in fresh water from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. [Conclusion] It provided important reference for studying artificial propagation and genetic breeding of loach.
文摘The localization of four neuropeptidelike substances during embryonic development in amphibian was studied by using immuno cytochemical technique. The cells with positive reaction appeared firstly in the endoderm cells during early tailbud stage, and then were detected in connective tissue at the outer portion of gastrointestinal tract during tadpole stage. In the nervous system, the cells with positive reaction were observed in cranial ganglion and glial cells at the outer margin of the brain and in the inner wall of ventricles. They were also frequently observed in the epidermis during late tailbud stage. The relationship between the appearance of neuropeptides in timespatial sequences and the development of nervous system, the neural crest origin of the cells with positive reaction, and the role of epidermal conductivity in neuropeptidelike cells in epiderms were discussed.
基金Supported by Wuhan Science and Technology Plan Projects(2013021001010464)
文摘[ Objective ] The purpose was to provide a reference for crossbreeding of grass carp. [ Method] We conducted hybridization between Ctenopharyngodon ideUus （ ♀ ） and Elopichthys bambusa ♂ ） by artificial methods. The process of embryo and postembryonic development were observed and recorded. [ Result ] The fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate of the hybrid F1 were （75.8 ± 6. 2）%, （41.9 ± 8.2）% and （9.3± 3.7）%, respectively. At the water temperature of 20.1 -21.6℃, the larvae was hatched for about 34 h and 25 rain after fertilization. The whole length of newly-hatched larvae of the hybrid Fl was （5.8 ± 0.12） mm. The larvae could feed rotifer and unicellular algae after 3 or 4 days hatching. Postembryonic development of the hybrid at the formation of scales, lasted for 65 days when the young was（74.0 ± 2.1 ） mm in whole length. [ Conclusion] The embryonic development of hybrid F1 was intermediate to their parents, the form of the hybrid F1 was similar to that of their female line of grass carp. The growth rate of larva was faster than that of grass carp and similar to that of their paternal fish.
文摘Metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in the course of embryonic development ofsilkworm (variety Guang) was determined by using colorimetric analysis and oxygen electrodemethod. The results indicated that: 1) In the course of fertilization (0-4 h after egg laying), thelevel of H_2O_2 content reached its peak value at 2.5 h of the developmental course and the activity ofsuperoxidase dismutase (SOD) was at higher level while the activity of catalase (CAT) at the lowestcorrespondingly; 2) The H_2O_2 content in embryo, in which the diapause of eggs was being relievedthrough treatment with hydrochloric acid on time in the course of embryonic development, wassignificantly higher than that of diapause eggs except the lower level showed in the embryo whenthe development of it went on for 168~216 h and the activity of SOD reached, lower and higher,tWo peaks in 72 and 168 h after egg-laying, respectively, and was significantly higher in late stagewhile the activity of CAT was shown with a stable level in the period of 72-192 h after egg-laying,and, after then, a rapid rising occurred in the embryo. The level of the CAT activity in embryowas shown significantly lower than that in diapause eggs in early period and higher in late stage ofegg development; 3) In the course of formation of diapause in eggs, the level of H_2O_2contentchanged smoothly and the activity of SOD changed vigorously in early period, and kept stable statelater; and the CAT activity increased gradually; while in the course of relief of diapause under ontime-treatment with hydrochloric acid, the level of H_2O_2 was significantly higher than that indiapause eggs and the SOD activity displayed a new peak value and significantly rose in later stage,while the activity of CAT in relieving embryo from diapause was signincantly lower than that indiapause eggs. Combining the results obtained in other researches with those from ours mentionedabove, we suggest that the metabolism of H_2O_2 might be of importance in the courses of formationand relief of diapause in silkworm eggs. Maybe the esterase A4 timer hypothesis and themicropylar barrier to oxygen hypothesis could be integrated for explanation of the course offormation and relief of diapause in silkworm eggs.
文摘mRNA differential display was established by Liang and Pardee in 1992 for the purpose of displaying the mRNA differences between two tissues. The early embryonic development in animals is primarily controlled by the maternal RNAs stored in egg. These mRNAs are being degraded as the development proceeds. In some animals, such as fish and amphibian, new transcripts do not appear until the midblastula stage (midblastula transition, MBT). In other animals, for example in mouse, the zygotic genes are expressed during very early stages of development. The mRNA programmed synthesis and degradation during embryonic development controls the cell differentiation, germlayer formation and pattern formation. All these mRNA changes could be displayed side by side as cDNA band differences by mRNA differential display and the genes corresponding to these differential mRNAs could thus be obtained.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture"Protection and Utilization of Fish Resources in the Middle Reach of Brahmaputra River"(201403012)Youth Fund for Breeding Project from Sichuan Department of Finance(2009QNJJ-022)
文摘This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of Percocypris pingi pingi （Tchang） at the embryonic and postembryonic developmental periods and to demonstrate the early developmental stage of P. pingi pingi （Tchang）. According to the results, the fully mature eggs were spherical, orange-col- ored, sticky, 2.2 mm in diameter; the maximum outer diameter reached 3.2 -3.8 mm after absorbing water. When water temperature was （18 -＋ 0.5） ~C, the first cleavage occun~ at 2h 28 min post-fertilization; organs began to form at 45 h 23 min post-fertilization; larvae were hatched at 126 h 28 min post-fertilization. Newly hatched larvae exhibited a total length of 10.4 mm, with large and compressed yolk sacs. According to the morphological characteristics, the embryonic de- velopmental process of P. pingi pingi （Tchang） could be divided into seven continuous stages, including fertilized egg stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, early gastrula stage, neurala stage, organ formation stage and hatching stage, which were further divided into 32 phases. When water temperature ranged from 18.8 ~C to 25.0 ~C, the whole developmental process of P. pingi pingi （Tchang） from larvae to juveniles lasted 93 d. According to the morphological and ecological charac- teristics, the pestembryonic developmental process of P. pingi pingi （Tchang） could be divided into three stages, including yolk-sac larva stage, late larva stage and junenile stage. This study laid solid foundation for .
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development of the F1 hybrid between Ryukin （♀） and Dragon-eye （♂）. [Method] Embryonic development of the FI hybrid and parents between Ryukin （♀） and Dragon-eye （♂） was observed with XTL-2400 anatomical lens continuously. The organ characteristics and structures at each development stage were observed with OLYMPUS CKX41 microscopes, and photographed and recorded with a digital camera. [Result] At a water temperature of 25℃, the hatching time of the F1 hybrid is 51.3 h, the hatching time of Ryukin embryo is 52.4 h and that of Dragon-eye embryo is 56.3 h. [Conclusion] This study provides certain theoretical and practical basis for improving morphological characteristics of the existing Dragon-eye goldfish.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Province Science and Technology Support Program(20121BBF60037)Research on Key Propagation-culturing Technology of Silurus asotus Linnaeus~~
文摘Poyang Lake catfish （Silurus asotus Linnaeus） is native to Poyang Lake Basin. Artificial propagation of Poyang Lake catfish was carried out by using artificial insemination. Under water temperature of 18-26 ℃, embryonic development of Poyang Lake catfish in impounded water was observed and recorded in detail. Embryonic development of Poyang Lake catfish encountered seven stages, and it last- ed for 47.08 h from the fertilized egg stage to the stripping stage. The hatching time of Silurus meridionalis Chen was shortest, followed by that of Poyang Lake catfish, and the hatching time of Pelteobagrus vachelli was longest.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172403)the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB126406)
文摘This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities(low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities(P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity(P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15(P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70(P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.
文摘The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized eggs at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization, and the induced triploidy rates were 31.2%-50% and the relative hatching rates were 53.3%-99%. Gynogenetic diploids were obtained when eggs were inseminated with irradiated sperm and cold shocked at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization. The induced gynogenetic diploid rates and the relative hatching rates were 94%-96% and 48.5%-68.5% respectively. The embryonic development of the triploid experimental group and of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group was delayed at first compared with the control group. But from the gastrula stage, it was not delayed anymore. There were no significant differences in the growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae, and in the growth of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae according to Student’s t test (α=0.05). The relationship between the early growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and that of gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae was also studied.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071077)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to study the genes affecting division mode in the early embryonic development of Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Two T-DNA insertion mutants were isolated from the mutant library of A.thaliana inserted by T-DNA,and the embryonic development was reflected by phenotypes.[Result] Genomic PCR-WALKING analyses demonstrated that T-DNA insertion sites were in 5＇ non-coding region and promoter region of gene At4g20360 which encodes Rab GTPase RABE1b,and the two mutants were named as Atrabe1b-1 and Atrabe1b-2,respectively.Microscopic analysis on mutants revealed that there was an abnormal cell division pattern in early globular stage of embryonic development.In addition,RT-PCR analysis showed that gene At4g20360 was constitutively expressed in A.thaliana.[Conclusion] Gene At4g20360 affected the division pattern of early embryonic development in A.thaliana,and encoded protein GTPase RABE1b which may play an important role in cell division during the embryonic development of A.thaliana.
基金Supported by Special Project of Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center(GCZX2013005)Technology Research and Development Project of Hainan Provincial Research Institutes(KYYS-2014-59,KYYS-2013-24,11-20410-0010)Applied Technology Research and Development and Demonstration Project of Hainan Province(ZDXM2015025)~~
文摘This study aimed to study the development characteristics of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus at the embryo, larval, juvenile and young fish stages, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of E. fuscoguttatus. [Method] The morphological characteristics and embryonic and post embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus, including the occurrence and development of nervous system, digestive system and circulatory system, were observed and analyzed using eggs self-fertilized with artificially induced spawning in the breeding base of Hainan Province. [Result] The fertilized egg of E. fuscoguttatus is spherical, colorless transparent with single oil ball, and its diameter ranges from 0.83 to 0.94 mm. Based on the development process, the embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus was divided into six stages, namely fertilized egg stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, idiosome formation stage and hatching stage. The entire embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus required 20 h 47 min in the sea water with temperature of 28.4-31.9℃ salinity of 31-32 and pH of 8.4, and the total cumulative temperature was 455.361 ℃·h. The post embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus was divided into larval stage, juvenile stage and young fish stage based on the features of the yolk-sac, second dorsal fin spine, pelvic fin spine, and body color. Accordingly, the larval stage was further classified into pre-larva and post-larva, with or without yolk-sac, respectively. The extension and shrinkage of the first pelvic fin spine and the second dorsal fin spine as well as the spinules on aforementioned spines were the most significant changes during the post embryonic development of E. fuscoguttatus. [Conclusion] This study will provide some basic data for industrial breeding of E. fuscoguttatus.
基金supported by the Key International Cooperation Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31110103916)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, China (ASTIPIAS08)the earmaked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-42)
文摘Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc （Zn） injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broiler breeders. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine an optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0.1 mL sterilized water at 3, 6 and 9 embryonic days of incubation （E3, E6 and E9） or non-injection （the control）, respectively. The results from experiment 1 showed that E3 and E6 injections increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortalities, and decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared to the non-injected control, but no differences （P〉0.05） between E9 injection and the non-injected control were observed in either embryonic mortality or hatchability. The findings suggest that the E9 is the optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. In experiment 2, a total of 672 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0 （the negative control）, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg Zn/egg as reagent grade ZnSO4.7H20 in a 0.1-mL solution, or non-injection （the positive control）, respectively at E9-10. The results from the experiment 2 demonstrated that no differences （P〉0.05） among 50 and 100 μg Zn/egg groups and the negative control were observed in the embryonic mortality and hatchability, however, the injection of 200 μg Zn/egg increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortality, and injections of 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared with the controls. The embryonic tibia Zn contents at E20 were increased （P〈0.05） by injections of 150, 200 and 250μg Zn/egg. Zinc injection did not affect （P〉0.05） malonaldehyde （MDA） contents, copper- and Zn- containing superoxide dismutase （CuZnSOD） activities and mRNA expression levels in the liver and heart of chick embryos at E15 and E20. Compared with the negative control, injections of 50, 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg up-regulated （P〈0.05） themetallothionein （MT） mRNA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20. These results indicated that in ovo Zn injections increased Zn contents in the embryonic tibia and MT mRNA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20, however, injections of 150-200 μg Zn/egg were harmful to the embryonic development.
