Objective:To explore the association between acupuncture during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH)and the live birth rate(LBR)using different propensity score methods.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,e...Objective:To explore the association between acupuncture during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH)and the live birth rate(LBR)using different propensity score methods.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,eligible women who underwent a COH were divided into acupuncture and non-acupuncture groups.The primary outcome was LBR,as determined by propensity score matching(PSM).LBR was defined as the delivery of one or more living infants that reached a gestational age over 28 weeks after embryo transfer.The propensity score model encompassed 16 confounding variables.To validate the results,sensitivity analyses were conducted using three additional propensity score methods:propensity score adjustment,inverse probability weighting(IPW),and IPW with a"doubly robust”estimator.Results:The primary cohort encompassed 9751 patients(1830[18.76%]in the acupuncture group and7921[81.23%]in the non-acupuncture group).Following 1:1 PSM,a higher LBR was found in the acupuncture cohort(41.4%[755/1824]vs 36.4%[664/1824],with an odds ratio of 1.23[95%confidence interval,1.08-1.41]).Three additional propensity score methods produced essentially similar results.The risk of serious adverse events did not significantly differ between the two groups.Conclusion:This retrospective study revealed an association between acupuncture and an increased LBR among patients undergoing COH,and that acupuncture is a safe and valuable treatment option.展开更多
The Taguchi and analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were applied to investigate the effects of the structural and operational parameters on the heat transfer performance of a vertical sinter cooling packed bed. The a...The Taguchi and analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were applied to investigate the effects of the structural and operational parameters on the heat transfer performance of a vertical sinter cooling packed bed. The analysed parameters were the gas flow rate, the air inlet temperature, the sinter inlet temperature, the cooling bed diameter and the cooling bed height, all of which contain three levels. The purpose was to improve the heat transfer performance of a vertical sinter cooling bed. A numerical analysis model was established to assess the heat transfer performance with respect to the varying parameters and their different levels. This mathematical model was validated by using data from practical industrial processes. The Taguchi method for the L27 (35) orthogonal design experiment was selected to evaluate the impacts of the design parameters on the heat transfer performance and to acquire the optimum combination of parameters. The analysis of variance was applied to assess the impact weights and the order of significance of the design parameters. The results show that the sinter inlet temperature and cooling bed diameter have great influences and impact the exergy of the wasted heat recovery by 61.65% and 23.31%, respectively. However, the gas flow rate and the air inlet temperature have small effects on the response. Furthermore, the air and sinter inlet temperatures have the most significant impacts on the efficiency of heat transfer by 68.83% and 23.31%, respectively. The optimal parameter combination (A1B1C3D3E3) was obtained, and the optimal results were validated by confirmation tests.展开更多
Interfacial heat transfer behavior between the molten steel and twin-rolls is a key issue in the strip casting process,and it has already attracted wide attention from industrial and academic communities of steel.The ...Interfacial heat transfer behavior between the molten steel and twin-rolls is a key issue in the strip casting process,and it has already attracted wide attention from industrial and academic communities of steel.The research methods and influencing factors on the interfacial heat transfer were summarized.Numerical simulation models,semi-industrial scale,and laboratory equipment have been developed in this field,and these methods were also improved by worldwide researchers based on the development of computer,automatic,and visual technologies.Coating properties,naturally deposited film,and casting parameters are the main factors which affect the heat transfer significantly.Although lots of research has been carried out,the internal relations among these influencing factors,interfacial heat transfer,and the quality of the strip are still worth to be further explored.Keywords Strip casting Interfacial heat transfer Simulation method Coating property Naturally deposited film Casting parameter.展开更多
For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass t...For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption and both methods give almost the same mass transfer coefficient.While for chemical absorption with ozone decomposition reaction,the common linear least square fitting method is not applicable for the evaluation of ozone mass transfer coefficient due to the difficulty of model linearization for describing ozone concentration dissolved in water.The nonlinear Simplex method obtains the mass transfer coefficient by minimizing the sum of the differences between the simulated and experimental ozone concentration during the whole absorption process,without the limitation of linear relationship between the dissolved ozone concentration and absorption time during the initial stage of absorption.Comparison of the ozone concentration profiles between the simulation and experimental data demonstrates that Simplex method may determine ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption in an accurate and high efficiency way with wide applicability.展开更多
The ability of natural conception decreases with age,leading many advanced-age women with fertility desire begin to attempt in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)technique nowadays.Traditional Chinese medi...The ability of natural conception decreases with age,leading many advanced-age women with fertility desire begin to attempt in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)technique nowadays.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believes that human body undergoes periodic changes corresponding to the natural rhythms.Women exhibit distinct physiological lunar rhythms of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,as well as pathological rhythms during the menstrual cycle and IVF-ET cycle.Based on the theory of TCM temporal rhythm,this paper discusses the pathogenesis characteristics of infertility in advanced-age women at different stages.It believes that acupuncture intervention should comply with the following ideas:determining main acupoints based on disease differentiation,with a preference for the acupoints on the thoroughfare vessel,the conception vessel,spleen meridian and kidney meridian,as well as the back-shu points of the liver,spleen and kidney;determining the supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation and symptoms;determining the supplementary acupoints based on time differentiation of lunar rhythm of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,and integrating both reinforcing and reducing techniques.During the process of intervention,the physical and mental states were balanced simultaneously.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite advances in the use of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(ET)in couples with infertility,recurrent implantation failure(RIF)after ET is still a major problem affecting women,with great psycholog...BACKGROUND Despite advances in the use of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(ET)in couples with infertility,recurrent implantation failure(RIF)after ET is still a major problem affecting women,with great psychological and economic burdens for the patient and his/her family.AIM To investigate the psychological burden(anxiety and depression)and evaluate the clinical benefits of endometrial receptivity testing(ERT)in patients experiencing RIF following frozen-thawed ET.METHODS A retrospective cohort study analyzed 371 patients experiencing RIF after assisted reproductive treatment at the First People’s Hospital of Changde City between January 2021 and June 2024.Demographic and clinical data were systematically collected through standardized questionnaires.Psychological assessment utilized validated instruments:The Self-Rating Depression Scale for depression evaluation and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale for anxiety assessment.Participants were stratified by psychological status(anxiety/non-anxiety and depression/nondepression)to analyze influencing factors for anxiety and depression.The cohort was further categorized into the ERT and non-ERT groups based on ERT implementation to comparatively analyze their clinical outcomes.Additionally,they were divided into clinical and nonclinical pregnancy groups to identify factors affecting clinical pregnancy using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Compared with the non-ERT group,the 226 patients who underwent ERT-guided ET achieved a higher clinical pregnancy rate,thicker endometrium on transfer day,fewer embryos transferred,and a lower miscarriage rate.RESULTS The study identified a substantial psychological burden,with anxiety prevalence at 55.0%(mean Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score,50.89±9.34)and depression at 61.2%(mean Self-Rating Depression Scale score,55.55±9.48).Multivariate analysis identified annual household income>100000 yuan as protective factors against both anxiety and depression,whereas advanced maternal age(>35 years)and multiple implantation failures(≥3)served as risk factors.Additionally,anxiety-specific risk factors included prolonged infertility treatment(>5 years)and the spouse’s status as an only child.As to depression-specific risks,chronic infertility(>3 years)and higher educational attainment(college/bachelor’s degree or higher)were key determinants,whereas urban residence was a protective factor.Age>35 years was a risk factor for clinical pregnancy in patients experiencing RIF,whereas blastocyst-stage ET,a higher number of embryos transferred,and thicker endometrium were protective factors.CONCLUSION Patients experiencing RIF are particularly susceptible to anxiety and depression,and advanced maternal age and multiple implantation failures represent salient risk factors.Clinicians should implement proactive and evidencebased interventions to mitigate these psychological burdens.For patients experiencing RIF,ERT-guided ET demonstrates significant potential to improve assisted reproductive outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To assess whether personalized embryo transfer guided by endometrial receptivity array(ERA)improves implantation and pregnancy rates in women with implantation failure.Methods:This retrospective case-control...Objective:To assess whether personalized embryo transfer guided by endometrial receptivity array(ERA)improves implantation and pregnancy rates in women with implantation failure.Methods:This retrospective case-control study was conducted on women with previous implantation failure.The women were divided into two groups,i.e,women who underwent ERA and those who underwent embryo transfer without ERA testing.ERA was performed using Igenomix.ERA results were interpreted as receptive or non-receptive.Women underwent frozen embryo transfer on the 6th day of progesterone(P+5).The primary outcomes were implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,abortion rate,and negative pregnancy rate.Results:This study included 229 women with previous implantation failure,with 154 in the ERA group and 75 in the no ERA group.The mean age of the women of the ERA group was(32.2±4.1)years,and that of the no ERA group was(31.5±4.8)years.Women in the ERA group had a higher implantation rate(60.4%)and clinical pregnancy rate(57.1%)compared to those in the no ERA group(48.0%and 46.7%,respectively).In addition,implantation rate of the nonreceptive ERA group was higher than the no ERA group(65%vs.48%),and clinical pregnancy rate was also higher in the non-receptive ERA group than the no ERA group(65%vs.47%).The abortion rate of the no ERA group was 9%and that of the non-receptive ERA group was 10%.52%no ERA group women and 35%non-receptive ERA group women had negative pregnancy results.Conclusions:Women who have undergone personalised embryo transfer guided by ERA have a higher clinical pregnancy rate than women who have not after previous implantation failure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acupuncture,an ancient practice,is gaining recognition as a complementary and alternative medicine,especially in assisted reproductive technology.It plays a crucial role in enhancing embryo transfer success...BACKGROUND Acupuncture,an ancient practice,is gaining recognition as a complementary and alternative medicine,especially in assisted reproductive technology.It plays a crucial role in enhancing embryo transfer success rates.Research indicates that acupuncture can improve blood flow,increase endometrial receptivity regulate pressure,and affect neuroendocrine activities in the ovaries and uterus during embryo implantation,therefore improving pregnancy outcomes.AIM To highlight recent developments related to acupuncture's influence on embryo transfer and elucidating the precise mechanisms by which acupuncture influences embryo transfer.METHODS We searched database including PubMed,Cochrane Library up to September 2024 for relevant studies and patents to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on women undergoing in vitro fertilization(IVF).The experimental design included an intervention group using needling,and a control group consisting of no needling or sham needling.The main outcome is clinical pregnancy rate(CPR),while secondary includes live birth rate(LBR)and biochemical pregnancy rate(BPR).We examined the influence of adjunctive needling on pregnancy outcomes by analyzing variations in the main outcomes.RESULTS A total of 145 randomized controlled trials involving 27748 participants were analyzed.Data revealed that the overall CPR was significantly elevated in all acupuncture cohorts compared to the control group[relative risk(RR):1.21,95%CI:1.07-1.38,P=0.01].In contrast,the aggregated LBR did not exhibit a corresponding increase,and notable statistical heterogeneity was observed among the studies.Acupuncture-assisted frozen-thawed embryo transfer enhanced the BPR(RR:1.51,95%CI:1.21-1.89,P=0.03)and improved endometrial morphology(RR:1.41,95%CI:1.13-1.75,P=0.01).Furthermore,IVF outcomes were significantly superior in the acupuncture group when acupuncture was administered during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(RR:1.71,95%CI:1.08-2.13,95%CI:1.08-4.21,P=0.03).CONCLUSION We find that acupuncture positively influences pregnancy rates in women receiving IVF treatment.Nonetheless,there are no established guidelines for optimal acupuncture protocols.Considering the methodological limitations identified in current research,there is a need for larger,methodologically rigorous studies.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to test the feasibility of embryo transfer technique in pig production. [ Method ] Twenty-four estrus muhiparity Landraee sows provided by Longjing Agricultural Science and Technology Instit...[ Objective] The paper was to test the feasibility of embryo transfer technique in pig production. [ Method ] Twenty-four estrus muhiparity Landraee sows provided by Longjing Agricultural Science and Technology Institute were performed embryo transfer surgery, and postoperative effects were observed. [ Result] Totally 11 out of 24 receptor sows were pregnant ; pregnant sows delivered 67 cloned piglets, and the average farrowing rate of sows was approximately 6 piglets/sow. There were 22 mortalities of newborn piglets because of various reasons. [ Conclusion] Embryo transfer technique is an indispensable link in pig production, and an important means of pig breeding and improvement.展开更多
Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanism...Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanisms in these multi-layer composites is essential,as it offers intuitive insights into parametric influences and facilitates enhanced structural performance.This paper employs an improved transfer matrix method to address the limitations of existing theoretical approaches for analyzing multi-layer composite structures.By establishing a twodimensional composite pavement model,it investigates load transfer characteristics and validates the accuracy through finite element simulation.The proposed method offers a straightforward analytical approach for examining internal interactions between structural layers.Case studies indicate that the concrete surface layer is the main load-bearing layer for most vertical normal and shear stresses.The soil base layer reduces the overall mechanical response of the substructure,while horizontal actions increase the risk of interfacial slip and cracking.Structural optimization analysis demonstrates that increasing the thickness of the concrete surface layer,enhancing the thickness and stiffness of the soil base layer,or incorporating gradient layers can significantly mitigate these risks of interfacial slip and cracking.The findings of this study can guide the optimization design,parameter analysis,and damage prevention of multi-layer composite structures.展开更多
Since the first report on the successful deep cryopreservation of mam-malian embryos in 1972,slow progressing cooling rate has been employ-ed in conventional embryos-freezing techniques;while more recent studieson fre...Since the first report on the successful deep cryopreservation of mam-malian embryos in 1972,slow progressing cooling rate has been employ-ed in conventional embryos-freezing techniques;while more recent studieson freezing preimplantation embryos have focussed on the simplificationof cooling and thawing procedures and improvement of viability of embr-yos.Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)has been used as an effective cryoprotec-tant for freezing human and other mammalian embryos.It has been foundthat glycerol and other alcohols are effective to protect embryos fromcryoinjury展开更多
As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In...As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In this study, a generic liquid chromatographic method was firstly developed for the purpose of screening 8 antimalarial active ingredients, namely amodiaquine (AQ), piperaquine (PPQ), sulfalene (SL), pyrimethamine (PM), lumefantrine (LF), artesunate (AS), artemether (AM) and dihydroartemisinine (DHA) by applying DoE/DS optimization strategy. Since the method was not totally satisfying in terms of peak separation, further experiments were undergone applying the same development strategy while splitting the 8 ingredients into five groups. Excellent prediction was observed prior to correlation between retention times of predicted and observed separation conditions. Then, a successful geometric transfer was realized to reduce the analysis time focusing on the simultaneous quantification of two WHO’s recommended ACTs in anti-malarial fixed-dose combination (AM-LF and AS-AQ) in tablets. The optimal separation was achieved using an isocratic elution of methanol-ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.8;10 mM) (82.5:17.5, v/v) at 0.6 ml/min through a C18 column (100 mm × 3.5 mm, 3.5 μm) thermostated at 25℃. After a successful validation stage based on the total error approach, the method was applied to determine the content of AM/LF or AS/AQ in seven brands of antimalarial tablets currently marketed in West, Central and East Africa. Satisfying results were obtained compared to the claimed contents.展开更多
Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other m...Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of approximation of the phase function of the RTE leads to a better precision in flux calculations. However, this approach may be limited to a certain order that has not been studied in this paper.展开更多
The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant ...The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.展开更多
A new orbit transfer method is presented by combining the genetic algorithm（GA）with the refined Q-law method.Considering the energy consumption,the relative thrust efficiency is introduced as a threshold deciding wh...A new orbit transfer method is presented by combining the genetic algorithm（GA）with the refined Q-law method.Considering the energy consumption,the relative thrust efficiency is introduced as a threshold deciding whether to thrust or coast.GA is used to achieve the global time-optimal orbit transfer.The trajectory optimization problem is transformed into the constraint parameter optimization problem,thus the nonlinear two-point boundary value problem is avoided.The refined Q-law method integrated with the fuzzy logic control is adopted for the end course,the vibration is avoided and the high precision is achieved.The numerical simulation of satellite orbit transfer is implemented.Results show that the new method can achieve the time-optimal orbit transfer and the low energy consumption,thus improving the transfer precision.展开更多
Objective To observe the impacts of electroacupuncture （EA） on oocyte quality and pregnant outcome for the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer （IVF...Objective To observe the impacts of electroacupuncture （EA） on oocyte quality and pregnant outcome for the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer （IVF-ET） and explore its potential mechanism. Methods Sixty-six patients with PCOS and undergoing IVF-ET were divided into two groups randomly, including an observation group （34 cases） and a control group （32 cases）. Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate tablets and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist were administered for long-program superovulation in either group. In the observation group, the intervention of EA was applied to Guānyuán （关元 CV 4）, Zhōngjí （中极 CV 3）, Sānyīnjiāo （三阴交 SP 6）, Zǐgōng （子宫 EX-CA 1） and Tàixī （太溪 KI 3） additionally for 30 min, once daily, 1 menstrual cycle before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation （COH） and during COH. The pregnant outcome, evaluation of kidney deficiency syndrome, blood hormone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection and the concentrations of stem cell factor （SCF） in the serum and follicular fluid on the day of oocyte collection were compared between the two groups. Results The score of kidney deficiency symptoms was reduced remarkably after treatment in either group and the improvement in the observation group was superior to that in the control group （P0.01）. The fertilization rate [（76.25？±？20.33）% vs （66.34？±？15.44）%], cleavage rate [（98.66？±？3.70）% vs （94.47？±？9.45）%] and the rate of high-quality embryos [（60.20？±？22.20）% vs （50.55？±？16.15）%] in the observation group were all superior to those in the control group separately （all P0.05）. Clinical pregnancy rate （46.67%, 14/30） in the observation group was higher than that （37.93%, 11/29） in the control group, but without statistical difference （P0.05）. SCF concentrations in the serum and follicular fluid on the day of oocyte collection in the observation group were higher obviously than those in the control group （both P0.05）. Conclusion Electroacupuncture plays an active role in the pregnant outcomes of PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET and it can relieve the symptoms of kidney deficiency in terms of TCM and improve clinical pregnant rate. The mechanism is relevant to the overall adjustment of organic endocrinal system and the local micro-environment of ovary and the improvement of oocyte quality through the up-regulation of SCF concentration.展开更多
In present paper,a study on reconstitution of porcine oocytes by using nuclear transfer with cumulus cells(CC) and fibroblast cells(FC) was carried out.Reconstituted oocytes which were the fusion with CC and showed a ...In present paper,a study on reconstitution of porcine oocytes by using nuclear transfer with cumulus cells(CC) and fibroblast cells(FC) was carried out.Reconstituted oocytes which were the fusion with CC and showed a cleavage rate of 56.7%,developed into morula (11.7%) and blastocysts (6.7%) phases which were higher than those derived from the fusion with FC( P <0.05).The results of this study also involved the effects of oocyte collection method,activation protocol and maturational age of recipient oocytes during the in vitro develpoment of nuclear transfer embryos which were reconstituted with cultured cumulus cells.The cumulus cells synchronized in G 0/G 1 phases through serum starvation culture,were transferred into enuclated oocytes which were collected by aspiration or dissection method and cultured for 33 or 44 h.Reconstituted embryos were activated with a combination of calcium ionophore A23187 or electric pulsation and 6 DMAP,and cultured for 6 days.As for the oocyte collection methods,activation treatment in the presence of cytochalasin B and activation protocols did not affect the developmental rate of embryos reconstituted with 44 h mature recipients.However,the development rate of reconstituted embryos with 33 h mature recipients were significantly higher( P <0.05) by activation with the combination of electric pulsation and 6 DMAP.These results suggest that the reconstituted porcine embryos derived from cultured cumulus cells can develop into the blastocyst stage and that the development of the former could be improved for the reconstitution with young oocyte cytoplast after the activation with the combination of electric pulsation and 6 DMAP.展开更多
Synchronization of development between the embryo and uterus is required for successful pregnancy establishment. Transfer of early embryos requires synchrony with the recipient uterus of 2 days or less in sheep, becau...Synchronization of development between the embryo and uterus is required for successful pregnancy establishment. Transfer of early embryos requires synchrony with the recipient uterus of 2 days or less in sheep, because asynchrony of 3 days or more results in failure of pregnancy recognition signaling for maintenance of corpus luteum （CL） and progesterone （P4） production and/or uterine support of the embryo. The objective was to determine if P4 treatment of recipient ewes would obviate the need for pregnancy recognition signaling and maintain a uterine environment conducive to embryo survival after asynchronous transfer, thereby establishing a universal recipient. Embryos （morulae/blastocysts） were recovered on day 6 from super-ovulated donor ewes. Recipient ewes received 25 mg P4 daily from day 6 post-estrus until 60 days after embryo transfer. Embryos were transferred into recipients on day 6,9, 12,18, or 30 post-estrus. The pregnancy rate on day 22 post-transfer was 60% for synchronous transfers to day 6 ewes, 44% and 22% for asynchronous transfers to day 9 and 12 ewes, and 0% for asynchronous transfers to day 18 and 30 ewes. On day 39 posttransfer ,pregnancy rates remained 60% for day 6 ewes,33% for day 9 ewes,and 0% for day 12,18, and 30 ewes. The P4 treatment did extend the window of uterine receptivity to early embryos in ewes by one day ,but did not create a universal recipient. Available results support the idea that a window of uterine receptivity to the conceptus exists in sheep that is independent of pregnancy recognition signaling.展开更多
To evaluate the reliability of a landslide in a reservoir, the universal transfer coefficient method, which is popularized by the Chinese standard, is adopted as performance function in this study for： （1） common d...To evaluate the reliability of a landslide in a reservoir, the universal transfer coefficient method, which is popularized by the Chinese standard, is adopted as performance function in this study for： （1） common deterministic method stability evaluation; （2） reliability evaluation based on a Monte Carlo method; （3） comparison of landslide reliability under different water levels and under different correlation coefficients between soil shear strength parameters （c, Φ）, respectively with mean, standard deviation, reliability coefficient and failure probability. This article uses the Bazimen （八字门） landslide, which is located at the outlet of Xiangxi （香溪） River in the Three Gorges Reservoir, as an example to evaluate its stability and reliability under different water levels with two-dimensional deterministic and probabilistic methods. With the assumption that constant mean and normal distributed shear strength parameters （c, Φ）, correlation coefficient c, Φ=-1 based reliability analysis, compared with c, Φ=0 and 1, indicates obviously more increase of reliability index and lower standard deviation as water levels rise. To the case of a certain water level, c, Φ=-1 does not have constantly positive or negative effects on landslide reliability compared with c, Φ=0 or 1, but is associated with water level. Whereas the safety factor Fs by deterministic method, which is almost the same value as corresponding mean of safety factor from probabilistic analysis, will increase slightly as water level increases.展开更多
Objective To investigate the reproduction-assisting effects of laparoscopic ＂corepulling＂ salpingectomy for patients with hydrosalpinx on ovarian reserve,responsiveness to stimuli and outcomes of in vitro fertilizat...Objective To investigate the reproduction-assisting effects of laparoscopic ＂corepulling＂ salpingectomy for patients with hydrosalpinx on ovarian reserve,responsiveness to stimuli and outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET）.Methods Infertile females receiving treatment in Reproductive Medicine Center of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital due to fallopian tube disorders（n=214） were enrolled from July 2006 to December 2007 and further divided into three groups.＂Core-pulling＂ procedure group（group A） consisted of patients receiving pretreatment with ＂corepulling＂ salpingectomy due to hydrosalpinx in our center（n=31）,wherein 16 patients received IVF-ET.Conventional procedure group（group B） consisted of patients receiving conventional salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx or ectopic pregnancy in our center or other institutes prior to IVF-ET（n=59）.Control group（group C） consisted of patients receiving IVF-ET without the history of previous hydrosalpinx or salpingectomy（n=124）.Results At baseline,the antral follicle count of group B was significantly less than that of groups A and C（8.6±2.5 vs 8.3±2.0 vs 9.8±2.4）.The mature oocytes retrieved numbered less than the other two groups,in a statistically significant manner compared with group C（13.1±5.7 vs 10.6±5.0 vs 12.0±6.2）.Patients of groups A and B received more gonadotropin while the dosage of group B differed significantly from group C（31.0±17.7 vs 37.6±8.3 vs 30.0±4.6）.E2 level on hCG injection day was slightly lower in group B than in the other two groups,statistically significant compared with that of group C,but not compared with that of group A.After receiving IVF-ET,patients of group A showed significantly higher conception rate than groups B and C（62.5% vs 43.6% vs 39.2%）.Conclusion Compared with the conventional procedure,laparoscopic ＂core-pulling＂ salpingectomy should be recommended for patients with hydrosalpinx intending to receive IVF-ET,which did not interfere with the ovarian reserve or responsiveness but improve the conception rate in clinical practice.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973966)。
文摘Objective:To explore the association between acupuncture during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH)and the live birth rate(LBR)using different propensity score methods.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,eligible women who underwent a COH were divided into acupuncture and non-acupuncture groups.The primary outcome was LBR,as determined by propensity score matching(PSM).LBR was defined as the delivery of one or more living infants that reached a gestational age over 28 weeks after embryo transfer.The propensity score model encompassed 16 confounding variables.To validate the results,sensitivity analyses were conducted using three additional propensity score methods:propensity score adjustment,inverse probability weighting(IPW),and IPW with a"doubly robust”estimator.Results:The primary cohort encompassed 9751 patients(1830[18.76%]in the acupuncture group and7921[81.23%]in the non-acupuncture group).Following 1:1 PSM,a higher LBR was found in the acupuncture cohort(41.4%[755/1824]vs 36.4%[664/1824],with an odds ratio of 1.23[95%confidence interval,1.08-1.41]).Three additional propensity score methods produced essentially similar results.The risk of serious adverse events did not significantly differ between the two groups.Conclusion:This retrospective study revealed an association between acupuncture and an increased LBR among patients undergoing COH,and that acupuncture is a safe and valuable treatment option.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017 YFB0304200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51734004).
文摘The Taguchi and analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were applied to investigate the effects of the structural and operational parameters on the heat transfer performance of a vertical sinter cooling packed bed. The analysed parameters were the gas flow rate, the air inlet temperature, the sinter inlet temperature, the cooling bed diameter and the cooling bed height, all of which contain three levels. The purpose was to improve the heat transfer performance of a vertical sinter cooling bed. A numerical analysis model was established to assess the heat transfer performance with respect to the varying parameters and their different levels. This mathematical model was validated by using data from practical industrial processes. The Taguchi method for the L27 (35) orthogonal design experiment was selected to evaluate the impacts of the design parameters on the heat transfer performance and to acquire the optimum combination of parameters. The analysis of variance was applied to assess the impact weights and the order of significance of the design parameters. The results show that the sinter inlet temperature and cooling bed diameter have great influences and impact the exergy of the wasted heat recovery by 61.65% and 23.31%, respectively. However, the gas flow rate and the air inlet temperature have small effects on the response. Furthermore, the air and sinter inlet temperatures have the most significant impacts on the efficiency of heat transfer by 68.83% and 23.31%, respectively. The optimal parameter combination (A1B1C3D3E3) was obtained, and the optimal results were validated by confirmation tests.
基金The financial support from Hunan Scientific Technology Projects(Grant Nos.2020WK2003 and 2019RS3007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52130408 and U1760202)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Interfacial heat transfer behavior between the molten steel and twin-rolls is a key issue in the strip casting process,and it has already attracted wide attention from industrial and academic communities of steel.The research methods and influencing factors on the interfacial heat transfer were summarized.Numerical simulation models,semi-industrial scale,and laboratory equipment have been developed in this field,and these methods were also improved by worldwide researchers based on the development of computer,automatic,and visual technologies.Coating properties,naturally deposited film,and casting parameters are the main factors which affect the heat transfer significantly.Although lots of research has been carried out,the internal relations among these influencing factors,interfacial heat transfer,and the quality of the strip are still worth to be further explored.Keywords Strip casting Interfacial heat transfer Simulation method Coating property Naturally deposited film Casting parameter.
基金Project(2011467001)supported by the Ministry of Environment Protection of ChinaProject(2010DFB94130)supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption and both methods give almost the same mass transfer coefficient.While for chemical absorption with ozone decomposition reaction,the common linear least square fitting method is not applicable for the evaluation of ozone mass transfer coefficient due to the difficulty of model linearization for describing ozone concentration dissolved in water.The nonlinear Simplex method obtains the mass transfer coefficient by minimizing the sum of the differences between the simulated and experimental ozone concentration during the whole absorption process,without the limitation of linear relationship between the dissolved ozone concentration and absorption time during the initial stage of absorption.Comparison of the ozone concentration profiles between the simulation and experimental data demonstrates that Simplex method may determine ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption in an accurate and high efficiency way with wide applicability.
基金Supported by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine First Class Discipline Construction:90010961020079。
文摘The ability of natural conception decreases with age,leading many advanced-age women with fertility desire begin to attempt in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)technique nowadays.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believes that human body undergoes periodic changes corresponding to the natural rhythms.Women exhibit distinct physiological lunar rhythms of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,as well as pathological rhythms during the menstrual cycle and IVF-ET cycle.Based on the theory of TCM temporal rhythm,this paper discusses the pathogenesis characteristics of infertility in advanced-age women at different stages.It believes that acupuncture intervention should comply with the following ideas:determining main acupoints based on disease differentiation,with a preference for the acupoints on the thoroughfare vessel,the conception vessel,spleen meridian and kidney meridian,as well as the back-shu points of the liver,spleen and kidney;determining the supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation and symptoms;determining the supplementary acupoints based on time differentiation of lunar rhythm of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,and integrating both reinforcing and reducing techniques.During the process of intervention,the physical and mental states were balanced simultaneously.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite advances in the use of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(ET)in couples with infertility,recurrent implantation failure(RIF)after ET is still a major problem affecting women,with great psychological and economic burdens for the patient and his/her family.AIM To investigate the psychological burden(anxiety and depression)and evaluate the clinical benefits of endometrial receptivity testing(ERT)in patients experiencing RIF following frozen-thawed ET.METHODS A retrospective cohort study analyzed 371 patients experiencing RIF after assisted reproductive treatment at the First People’s Hospital of Changde City between January 2021 and June 2024.Demographic and clinical data were systematically collected through standardized questionnaires.Psychological assessment utilized validated instruments:The Self-Rating Depression Scale for depression evaluation and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale for anxiety assessment.Participants were stratified by psychological status(anxiety/non-anxiety and depression/nondepression)to analyze influencing factors for anxiety and depression.The cohort was further categorized into the ERT and non-ERT groups based on ERT implementation to comparatively analyze their clinical outcomes.Additionally,they were divided into clinical and nonclinical pregnancy groups to identify factors affecting clinical pregnancy using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Compared with the non-ERT group,the 226 patients who underwent ERT-guided ET achieved a higher clinical pregnancy rate,thicker endometrium on transfer day,fewer embryos transferred,and a lower miscarriage rate.RESULTS The study identified a substantial psychological burden,with anxiety prevalence at 55.0%(mean Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score,50.89±9.34)and depression at 61.2%(mean Self-Rating Depression Scale score,55.55±9.48).Multivariate analysis identified annual household income>100000 yuan as protective factors against both anxiety and depression,whereas advanced maternal age(>35 years)and multiple implantation failures(≥3)served as risk factors.Additionally,anxiety-specific risk factors included prolonged infertility treatment(>5 years)and the spouse’s status as an only child.As to depression-specific risks,chronic infertility(>3 years)and higher educational attainment(college/bachelor’s degree or higher)were key determinants,whereas urban residence was a protective factor.Age>35 years was a risk factor for clinical pregnancy in patients experiencing RIF,whereas blastocyst-stage ET,a higher number of embryos transferred,and thicker endometrium were protective factors.CONCLUSION Patients experiencing RIF are particularly susceptible to anxiety and depression,and advanced maternal age and multiple implantation failures represent salient risk factors.Clinicians should implement proactive and evidencebased interventions to mitigate these psychological burdens.For patients experiencing RIF,ERT-guided ET demonstrates significant potential to improve assisted reproductive outcomes.
文摘Objective:To assess whether personalized embryo transfer guided by endometrial receptivity array(ERA)improves implantation and pregnancy rates in women with implantation failure.Methods:This retrospective case-control study was conducted on women with previous implantation failure.The women were divided into two groups,i.e,women who underwent ERA and those who underwent embryo transfer without ERA testing.ERA was performed using Igenomix.ERA results were interpreted as receptive or non-receptive.Women underwent frozen embryo transfer on the 6th day of progesterone(P+5).The primary outcomes were implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,abortion rate,and negative pregnancy rate.Results:This study included 229 women with previous implantation failure,with 154 in the ERA group and 75 in the no ERA group.The mean age of the women of the ERA group was(32.2±4.1)years,and that of the no ERA group was(31.5±4.8)years.Women in the ERA group had a higher implantation rate(60.4%)and clinical pregnancy rate(57.1%)compared to those in the no ERA group(48.0%and 46.7%,respectively).In addition,implantation rate of the nonreceptive ERA group was higher than the no ERA group(65%vs.48%),and clinical pregnancy rate was also higher in the non-receptive ERA group than the no ERA group(65%vs.47%).The abortion rate of the no ERA group was 9%and that of the non-receptive ERA group was 10%.52%no ERA group women and 35%non-receptive ERA group women had negative pregnancy results.Conclusions:Women who have undergone personalised embryo transfer guided by ERA have a higher clinical pregnancy rate than women who have not after previous implantation failure.
基金Supported by Funding from the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Special Foundation,No.BE2022712The Special Research Project on The Development Plan of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology in Jiangsu Province,No.ZT202120.
文摘BACKGROUND Acupuncture,an ancient practice,is gaining recognition as a complementary and alternative medicine,especially in assisted reproductive technology.It plays a crucial role in enhancing embryo transfer success rates.Research indicates that acupuncture can improve blood flow,increase endometrial receptivity regulate pressure,and affect neuroendocrine activities in the ovaries and uterus during embryo implantation,therefore improving pregnancy outcomes.AIM To highlight recent developments related to acupuncture's influence on embryo transfer and elucidating the precise mechanisms by which acupuncture influences embryo transfer.METHODS We searched database including PubMed,Cochrane Library up to September 2024 for relevant studies and patents to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on women undergoing in vitro fertilization(IVF).The experimental design included an intervention group using needling,and a control group consisting of no needling or sham needling.The main outcome is clinical pregnancy rate(CPR),while secondary includes live birth rate(LBR)and biochemical pregnancy rate(BPR).We examined the influence of adjunctive needling on pregnancy outcomes by analyzing variations in the main outcomes.RESULTS A total of 145 randomized controlled trials involving 27748 participants were analyzed.Data revealed that the overall CPR was significantly elevated in all acupuncture cohorts compared to the control group[relative risk(RR):1.21,95%CI:1.07-1.38,P=0.01].In contrast,the aggregated LBR did not exhibit a corresponding increase,and notable statistical heterogeneity was observed among the studies.Acupuncture-assisted frozen-thawed embryo transfer enhanced the BPR(RR:1.51,95%CI:1.21-1.89,P=0.03)and improved endometrial morphology(RR:1.41,95%CI:1.13-1.75,P=0.01).Furthermore,IVF outcomes were significantly superior in the acupuncture group when acupuncture was administered during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(RR:1.71,95%CI:1.08-2.13,95%CI:1.08-4.21,P=0.03).CONCLUSION We find that acupuncture positively influences pregnancy rates in women receiving IVF treatment.Nonetheless,there are no established guidelines for optimal acupuncture protocols.Considering the methodological limitations identified in current research,there is a need for larger,methodologically rigorous studies.
基金Supported by National Transgenic Major Project Fund(2009ZX08006-002B)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to test the feasibility of embryo transfer technique in pig production. [ Method ] Twenty-four estrus muhiparity Landraee sows provided by Longjing Agricultural Science and Technology Institute were performed embryo transfer surgery, and postoperative effects were observed. [ Result] Totally 11 out of 24 receptor sows were pregnant ; pregnant sows delivered 67 cloned piglets, and the average farrowing rate of sows was approximately 6 piglets/sow. There were 22 mortalities of newborn piglets because of various reasons. [ Conclusion] Embryo transfer technique is an indispensable link in pig production, and an important means of pig breeding and improvement.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2024-05)Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)+2 种基金Scientific Department of Gansu(24CXGA083,24CXGA024,JK2024-28,JK2024-32 and 23CXJA0007)Industrial Support Plan Project of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2025CYZC-003 and CYZC-2024-10)the Hunan Natural Science Foundation Science and Education Joint Fund Project(2022JJ60109).
文摘Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanisms in these multi-layer composites is essential,as it offers intuitive insights into parametric influences and facilitates enhanced structural performance.This paper employs an improved transfer matrix method to address the limitations of existing theoretical approaches for analyzing multi-layer composite structures.By establishing a twodimensional composite pavement model,it investigates load transfer characteristics and validates the accuracy through finite element simulation.The proposed method offers a straightforward analytical approach for examining internal interactions between structural layers.Case studies indicate that the concrete surface layer is the main load-bearing layer for most vertical normal and shear stresses.The soil base layer reduces the overall mechanical response of the substructure,while horizontal actions increase the risk of interfacial slip and cracking.Structural optimization analysis demonstrates that increasing the thickness of the concrete surface layer,enhancing the thickness and stiffness of the soil base layer,or incorporating gradient layers can significantly mitigate these risks of interfacial slip and cracking.The findings of this study can guide the optimization design,parameter analysis,and damage prevention of multi-layer composite structures.
文摘Since the first report on the successful deep cryopreservation of mam-malian embryos in 1972,slow progressing cooling rate has been employ-ed in conventional embryos-freezing techniques;while more recent studieson freezing preimplantation embryos have focussed on the simplificationof cooling and thawing procedures and improvement of viability of embr-yos.Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)has been used as an effective cryoprotec-tant for freezing human and other mammalian embryos.It has been foundthat glycerol and other alcohols are effective to protect embryos fromcryoinjury
文摘As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In this study, a generic liquid chromatographic method was firstly developed for the purpose of screening 8 antimalarial active ingredients, namely amodiaquine (AQ), piperaquine (PPQ), sulfalene (SL), pyrimethamine (PM), lumefantrine (LF), artesunate (AS), artemether (AM) and dihydroartemisinine (DHA) by applying DoE/DS optimization strategy. Since the method was not totally satisfying in terms of peak separation, further experiments were undergone applying the same development strategy while splitting the 8 ingredients into five groups. Excellent prediction was observed prior to correlation between retention times of predicted and observed separation conditions. Then, a successful geometric transfer was realized to reduce the analysis time focusing on the simultaneous quantification of two WHO’s recommended ACTs in anti-malarial fixed-dose combination (AM-LF and AS-AQ) in tablets. The optimal separation was achieved using an isocratic elution of methanol-ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.8;10 mM) (82.5:17.5, v/v) at 0.6 ml/min through a C18 column (100 mm × 3.5 mm, 3.5 μm) thermostated at 25℃. After a successful validation stage based on the total error approach, the method was applied to determine the content of AM/LF or AS/AQ in seven brands of antimalarial tablets currently marketed in West, Central and East Africa. Satisfying results were obtained compared to the claimed contents.
文摘Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of approximation of the phase function of the RTE leads to a better precision in flux calculations. However, this approach may be limited to a certain order that has not been studied in this paper.
基金supported by the Natural Science BasicResearch Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2021JC-14)。
文摘The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2010072)~~
文摘A new orbit transfer method is presented by combining the genetic algorithm（GA）with the refined Q-law method.Considering the energy consumption,the relative thrust efficiency is introduced as a threshold deciding whether to thrust or coast.GA is used to achieve the global time-optimal orbit transfer.The trajectory optimization problem is transformed into the constraint parameter optimization problem,thus the nonlinear two-point boundary value problem is avoided.The refined Q-law method integrated with the fuzzy logic control is adopted for the end course,the vibration is avoided and the high precision is achieved.The numerical simulation of satellite orbit transfer is implemented.Results show that the new method can achieve the time-optimal orbit transfer and the low energy consumption,thus improving the transfer precision.
基金Supported by Natural Science Fund Project of Shandong Province: Y 2007 C 131
文摘Objective To observe the impacts of electroacupuncture （EA） on oocyte quality and pregnant outcome for the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer （IVF-ET） and explore its potential mechanism. Methods Sixty-six patients with PCOS and undergoing IVF-ET were divided into two groups randomly, including an observation group （34 cases） and a control group （32 cases）. Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate tablets and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist were administered for long-program superovulation in either group. In the observation group, the intervention of EA was applied to Guānyuán （关元 CV 4）, Zhōngjí （中极 CV 3）, Sānyīnjiāo （三阴交 SP 6）, Zǐgōng （子宫 EX-CA 1） and Tàixī （太溪 KI 3） additionally for 30 min, once daily, 1 menstrual cycle before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation （COH） and during COH. The pregnant outcome, evaluation of kidney deficiency syndrome, blood hormone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection and the concentrations of stem cell factor （SCF） in the serum and follicular fluid on the day of oocyte collection were compared between the two groups. Results The score of kidney deficiency symptoms was reduced remarkably after treatment in either group and the improvement in the observation group was superior to that in the control group （P0.01）. The fertilization rate [（76.25？±？20.33）% vs （66.34？±？15.44）%], cleavage rate [（98.66？±？3.70）% vs （94.47？±？9.45）%] and the rate of high-quality embryos [（60.20？±？22.20）% vs （50.55？±？16.15）%] in the observation group were all superior to those in the control group separately （all P0.05）. Clinical pregnancy rate （46.67%, 14/30） in the observation group was higher than that （37.93%, 11/29） in the control group, but without statistical difference （P0.05）. SCF concentrations in the serum and follicular fluid on the day of oocyte collection in the observation group were higher obviously than those in the control group （both P0.05）. Conclusion Electroacupuncture plays an active role in the pregnant outcomes of PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET and it can relieve the symptoms of kidney deficiency in terms of TCM and improve clinical pregnant rate. The mechanism is relevant to the overall adjustment of organic endocrinal system and the local micro-environment of ovary and the improvement of oocyte quality through the up-regulation of SCF concentration.
文摘In present paper,a study on reconstitution of porcine oocytes by using nuclear transfer with cumulus cells(CC) and fibroblast cells(FC) was carried out.Reconstituted oocytes which were the fusion with CC and showed a cleavage rate of 56.7%,developed into morula (11.7%) and blastocysts (6.7%) phases which were higher than those derived from the fusion with FC( P <0.05).The results of this study also involved the effects of oocyte collection method,activation protocol and maturational age of recipient oocytes during the in vitro develpoment of nuclear transfer embryos which were reconstituted with cultured cumulus cells.The cumulus cells synchronized in G 0/G 1 phases through serum starvation culture,were transferred into enuclated oocytes which were collected by aspiration or dissection method and cultured for 33 or 44 h.Reconstituted embryos were activated with a combination of calcium ionophore A23187 or electric pulsation and 6 DMAP,and cultured for 6 days.As for the oocyte collection methods,activation treatment in the presence of cytochalasin B and activation protocols did not affect the developmental rate of embryos reconstituted with 44 h mature recipients.However,the development rate of reconstituted embryos with 33 h mature recipients were significantly higher( P <0.05) by activation with the combination of electric pulsation and 6 DMAP.These results suggest that the reconstituted porcine embryos derived from cultured cumulus cells can develop into the blastocyst stage and that the development of the former could be improved for the reconstitution with young oocyte cytoplast after the activation with the combination of electric pulsation and 6 DMAP.
文摘Synchronization of development between the embryo and uterus is required for successful pregnancy establishment. Transfer of early embryos requires synchrony with the recipient uterus of 2 days or less in sheep, because asynchrony of 3 days or more results in failure of pregnancy recognition signaling for maintenance of corpus luteum （CL） and progesterone （P4） production and/or uterine support of the embryo. The objective was to determine if P4 treatment of recipient ewes would obviate the need for pregnancy recognition signaling and maintain a uterine environment conducive to embryo survival after asynchronous transfer, thereby establishing a universal recipient. Embryos （morulae/blastocysts） were recovered on day 6 from super-ovulated donor ewes. Recipient ewes received 25 mg P4 daily from day 6 post-estrus until 60 days after embryo transfer. Embryos were transferred into recipients on day 6,9, 12,18, or 30 post-estrus. The pregnancy rate on day 22 post-transfer was 60% for synchronous transfers to day 6 ewes, 44% and 22% for asynchronous transfers to day 9 and 12 ewes, and 0% for asynchronous transfers to day 18 and 30 ewes. On day 39 posttransfer ,pregnancy rates remained 60% for day 6 ewes,33% for day 9 ewes,and 0% for day 12,18, and 30 ewes. The P4 treatment did extend the window of uterine receptivity to early embryos in ewes by one day ,but did not create a universal recipient. Available results support the idea that a window of uterine receptivity to the conceptus exists in sheep that is independent of pregnancy recognition signaling.
基金supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
文摘To evaluate the reliability of a landslide in a reservoir, the universal transfer coefficient method, which is popularized by the Chinese standard, is adopted as performance function in this study for： （1） common deterministic method stability evaluation; （2） reliability evaluation based on a Monte Carlo method; （3） comparison of landslide reliability under different water levels and under different correlation coefficients between soil shear strength parameters （c, Φ）, respectively with mean, standard deviation, reliability coefficient and failure probability. This article uses the Bazimen （八字门） landslide, which is located at the outlet of Xiangxi （香溪） River in the Three Gorges Reservoir, as an example to evaluate its stability and reliability under different water levels with two-dimensional deterministic and probabilistic methods. With the assumption that constant mean and normal distributed shear strength parameters （c, Φ）, correlation coefficient c, Φ=-1 based reliability analysis, compared with c, Φ=0 and 1, indicates obviously more increase of reliability index and lower standard deviation as water levels rise. To the case of a certain water level, c, Φ=-1 does not have constantly positive or negative effects on landslide reliability compared with c, Φ=0 or 1, but is associated with water level. Whereas the safety factor Fs by deterministic method, which is almost the same value as corresponding mean of safety factor from probabilistic analysis, will increase slightly as water level increases.
文摘Objective To investigate the reproduction-assisting effects of laparoscopic ＂corepulling＂ salpingectomy for patients with hydrosalpinx on ovarian reserve,responsiveness to stimuli and outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET）.Methods Infertile females receiving treatment in Reproductive Medicine Center of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital due to fallopian tube disorders（n=214） were enrolled from July 2006 to December 2007 and further divided into three groups.＂Core-pulling＂ procedure group（group A） consisted of patients receiving pretreatment with ＂corepulling＂ salpingectomy due to hydrosalpinx in our center（n=31）,wherein 16 patients received IVF-ET.Conventional procedure group（group B） consisted of patients receiving conventional salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx or ectopic pregnancy in our center or other institutes prior to IVF-ET（n=59）.Control group（group C） consisted of patients receiving IVF-ET without the history of previous hydrosalpinx or salpingectomy（n=124）.Results At baseline,the antral follicle count of group B was significantly less than that of groups A and C（8.6±2.5 vs 8.3±2.0 vs 9.8±2.4）.The mature oocytes retrieved numbered less than the other two groups,in a statistically significant manner compared with group C（13.1±5.7 vs 10.6±5.0 vs 12.0±6.2）.Patients of groups A and B received more gonadotropin while the dosage of group B differed significantly from group C（31.0±17.7 vs 37.6±8.3 vs 30.0±4.6）.E2 level on hCG injection day was slightly lower in group B than in the other two groups,statistically significant compared with that of group C,but not compared with that of group A.After receiving IVF-ET,patients of group A showed significantly higher conception rate than groups B and C（62.5% vs 43.6% vs 39.2%）.Conclusion Compared with the conventional procedure,laparoscopic ＂core-pulling＂ salpingectomy should be recommended for patients with hydrosalpinx intending to receive IVF-ET,which did not interfere with the ovarian reserve or responsiveness but improve the conception rate in clinical practice.
