Psychoneuroimmunology is a scientific discipline exploring the interconnectedness of the nervous system,emotion state,and immune system.The current review examines the distinct mechanisms through which the mind and bo...Psychoneuroimmunology is a scientific discipline exploring the interconnectedness of the nervous system,emotion state,and immune system.The current review examines the distinct mechanisms through which the mind and body interact when subjected to stress.Manifestations of psychoneuroimmunological stress encompass symptoms such as depression,aggression,fear,and social withdrawal,which can exert a profound impact on physiological well-being.Some observations suggest that humans and nonhuman animals exhibit similar stress-related symptoms,aiding in the identification of pharmacological pathways and potential clinical implications of therapeutic interventions.Animal stress models are predicated on varying approaches aimed at eliciting a motivational state to navigate and confront aversive circumstances.The current review describes the diverse stress induction models that have been investigated internationally,incorporating an ethological perspective that involves evaluating innate and unpunished behaviors through methodologies like the elevated plus maze,elevated zero maze,light-dark box,and open field test.Additionally,conditioned operant conflict tests,such as the Vogel conflict test,fall under the purview of learning and punishment models.This category encompasses classic conditioning models like fear conditioning,psychosocial models such as social defeat,and physical and chronic unpredictable stress paradigms.In this review,we critically evaluate existing cognitive and behavioral frameworks underpinning the development and perpetuation of stress-related disorders,while also elucidating the impact of immune system responses on the mental and physical health of animals.The primary objective of this review is to elucidate the array of animal models employed in previous research and the testing protocols used to assess animal performance in stress induction scenarios,with the ultimate aim of reducing mortality rates among research animals.展开更多
Lactuca sativa, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a leafy vegetable known for its medicinal properties. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of Lactuca sativa extract with respect to pharmacological actio...Lactuca sativa, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a leafy vegetable known for its medicinal properties. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of Lactuca sativa extract with respect to pharmacological action. We investigated the anxiolytic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Lactuca sativa on mice. The behav- ioral tests performed on mice models to assess anti-anxiety properties were： open field test （OFT）, elevated plus maze test （EPM）, elevated T maze test, and marble burying test. Increased locomotor activity and time spent in the ＂open-ann＂ were observed in extract fed group. Malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitrite levels were decreased, cata- lase and glutathione levels were increased in Lactuca sativa treated mice. The data obtained in the present study suggests that the extract of Lactuca sativa can afford significant protection against anxiolytic activity.展开更多
Ischemic brain injury causes neuronal death and inflammation.Inflammation activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Here,we tested the significance of PTP1B activation in glutamatergic projection neurons on fun...Ischemic brain injury causes neuronal death and inflammation.Inflammation activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Here,we tested the significance of PTP1B activation in glutamatergic projection neurons on functional recovery in two models of stroke:by photothrombosis,focal ischemic lesions were induced in the sensorimotor cortex(SM stroke)or in the peri-prefrontal cortex(peri-PFC stroke).Elevated PTP1B expression was detected at 4 days and up to 6 weeks after stroke.While ablation of PTP1B in neurons of neuronal knockout(NKO)mice had no effect on the volume or resorption of ischemic lesions,markedly different effects on functional recovery were observed.SM stroke caused severe sensory and motor deficits(adhesive removal test)in wild type and NKO mice at 4 days,but NKO mice showed drastically improved sensory and motor functional recovery at 8 days.In addition,peri-PFC stroke caused anxiety-like behaviors(elevated plus maze and open field tests),and depression-like behaviors(forced swimming and tail suspension tests)in wild type mice 9 and 28 days after stroke,respectively,with minimal effect on sensory and motor function.Peri-PFC stroke-induced affective disorders were associated with fewer active(FosB+)neurons in the PFC and nucleus accumbens but more FosB+neurons in the basolateral amygdala,compared to sham-operated mice.In contrast,mice with neuronal ablation of PTP1B were protected from anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and showed no change in FosB+neurons after peri-PFC stroke.Taken together,our study identifies neuronal PTP1B as a key component that hinders sensory and motor functional recovery and also contributes to the development of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors after stroke.Thus,PTP1B may represent a novel therapeutic target to improve stroke recovery.All procedures for animal use were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Ottawa Animal Care and Veterinary Service(protocol 1806)on July 27,2018.展开更多
Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness,objectivity,and high throughput,which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior.Many automatic methods of monitoring ...Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness,objectivity,and high throughput,which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior.Many automatic methods of monitoring animal behavior meet these requirements.However,they usually depend on high-performing hardware and sophisticated software,which may be expensive.Here,we describe an automatic infrared behavior-monitor(AIBM)system based on an infrared touchscreen frame.Using this,animal positions can be recorded and used for further behavioral analysis by any PC supporting touch events.This system detects animal behavior in real time and gives closed-loop feedback using relatively low computing resources and simple algorithms.The AIBM system automatically records and analyzes multiple types of animal behavior in a highly efficient,unbiased,and low-cost manner.展开更多
文摘Psychoneuroimmunology is a scientific discipline exploring the interconnectedness of the nervous system,emotion state,and immune system.The current review examines the distinct mechanisms through which the mind and body interact when subjected to stress.Manifestations of psychoneuroimmunological stress encompass symptoms such as depression,aggression,fear,and social withdrawal,which can exert a profound impact on physiological well-being.Some observations suggest that humans and nonhuman animals exhibit similar stress-related symptoms,aiding in the identification of pharmacological pathways and potential clinical implications of therapeutic interventions.Animal stress models are predicated on varying approaches aimed at eliciting a motivational state to navigate and confront aversive circumstances.The current review describes the diverse stress induction models that have been investigated internationally,incorporating an ethological perspective that involves evaluating innate and unpunished behaviors through methodologies like the elevated plus maze,elevated zero maze,light-dark box,and open field test.Additionally,conditioned operant conflict tests,such as the Vogel conflict test,fall under the purview of learning and punishment models.This category encompasses classic conditioning models like fear conditioning,psychosocial models such as social defeat,and physical and chronic unpredictable stress paradigms.In this review,we critically evaluate existing cognitive and behavioral frameworks underpinning the development and perpetuation of stress-related disorders,while also elucidating the impact of immune system responses on the mental and physical health of animals.The primary objective of this review is to elucidate the array of animal models employed in previous research and the testing protocols used to assess animal performance in stress induction scenarios,with the ultimate aim of reducing mortality rates among research animals.
文摘Lactuca sativa, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a leafy vegetable known for its medicinal properties. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of Lactuca sativa extract with respect to pharmacological action. We investigated the anxiolytic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Lactuca sativa on mice. The behav- ioral tests performed on mice models to assess anti-anxiety properties were： open field test （OFT）, elevated plus maze test （EPM）, elevated T maze test, and marble burying test. Increased locomotor activity and time spent in the ＂open-ann＂ were observed in extract fed group. Malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitrite levels were decreased, cata- lase and glutathione levels were increased in Lactuca sativa treated mice. The data obtained in the present study suggests that the extract of Lactuca sativa can afford significant protection against anxiolytic activity.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada(Nos.G-13-0002596&G-18-0022157,to HHCNo.G-16-00014085,to AFRS)+2 种基金the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN/06212-2014,to HHC,No.RGPIN/2016-04985,to AFRS)the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(No.201610PJT,to HHC)HHC is also supported by a Mid-Career Investigator Award(No.7506)from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.How to cite this article:Cruz SA。
文摘Ischemic brain injury causes neuronal death and inflammation.Inflammation activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Here,we tested the significance of PTP1B activation in glutamatergic projection neurons on functional recovery in two models of stroke:by photothrombosis,focal ischemic lesions were induced in the sensorimotor cortex(SM stroke)or in the peri-prefrontal cortex(peri-PFC stroke).Elevated PTP1B expression was detected at 4 days and up to 6 weeks after stroke.While ablation of PTP1B in neurons of neuronal knockout(NKO)mice had no effect on the volume or resorption of ischemic lesions,markedly different effects on functional recovery were observed.SM stroke caused severe sensory and motor deficits(adhesive removal test)in wild type and NKO mice at 4 days,but NKO mice showed drastically improved sensory and motor functional recovery at 8 days.In addition,peri-PFC stroke caused anxiety-like behaviors(elevated plus maze and open field tests),and depression-like behaviors(forced swimming and tail suspension tests)in wild type mice 9 and 28 days after stroke,respectively,with minimal effect on sensory and motor function.Peri-PFC stroke-induced affective disorders were associated with fewer active(FosB+)neurons in the PFC and nucleus accumbens but more FosB+neurons in the basolateral amygdala,compared to sham-operated mice.In contrast,mice with neuronal ablation of PTP1B were protected from anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and showed no change in FosB+neurons after peri-PFC stroke.Taken together,our study identifies neuronal PTP1B as a key component that hinders sensory and motor functional recovery and also contributes to the development of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors after stroke.Thus,PTP1B may represent a novel therapeutic target to improve stroke recovery.All procedures for animal use were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Ottawa Animal Care and Veterinary Service(protocol 1806)on July 27,2018.
基金This work was supported by a Shenzhen Governmental Grant(JCYJ20180302145710934)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700907 and 31700908)+6 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2018B030331001)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(172644KYS820170004)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(XDB32030100)Guangdong Special Support Program([2018]9)Ten Thousand Talent ProgramKey Laboratory of SIAT(2019DP173024)the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness,objectivity,and high throughput,which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior.Many automatic methods of monitoring animal behavior meet these requirements.However,they usually depend on high-performing hardware and sophisticated software,which may be expensive.Here,we describe an automatic infrared behavior-monitor(AIBM)system based on an infrared touchscreen frame.Using this,animal positions can be recorded and used for further behavioral analysis by any PC supporting touch events.This system detects animal behavior in real time and gives closed-loop feedback using relatively low computing resources and simple algorithms.The AIBM system automatically records and analyzes multiple types of animal behavior in a highly efficient,unbiased,and low-cost manner.
