A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without in...A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.展开更多
Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have g...Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have garnered considerable attention due to their softness,conformability,and biocompatibility.However,several challenges remain,including imperfect skin-device interfaces,limited breathability,and insufficient mechanoelectrical stability.On-skin epidermal electronics,distinguished by their excellent conformability,breathability,and mechanoelectrical robustness,offer a promising solution for high-fidelity,long-term health monitoring.These devices can seamlessly integrate with the human body,leading to transformative advancements in future personalized healthcare.This review provides a systematic examination of recent advancements in on-skin epidermal electronics,with particular emphasis on critical aspects including material science,structural design,desired properties,and practical applications.We explore various materials,considering their properties and the corresponding structural designs developed to construct high-performance epidermal electronics.We then discuss different approaches for achieving the desired device properties necessary for long-term health monitoring,including adhesiveness,breathability,and mechanoelectrical stability.Additionally,we summarize the diverse applications of these devices in monitoring biophysical and physiological signals.Finally,we address the challenges facing these devices and outline future prospects,offering insights into the ongoing development of on-skin epidermal electronics for long-term health monitoring.展开更多
Wide-temperature applications of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are severely limited by the sluggish ion insertion/diffusion kinetics of conversion-type anodes.Quantum-sized transition metal dichalcogenides possess unique ...Wide-temperature applications of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are severely limited by the sluggish ion insertion/diffusion kinetics of conversion-type anodes.Quantum-sized transition metal dichalcogenides possess unique advantages of charge delocalization and enrich uncoordinated electrons and short-range transfer kinetics,which are crucial to achieve rapid low-temperature charge transfer and high-temperature interface stability.Herein,a quantum-scale FeS_(2) loaded on three-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene skeletons(FeS_(2) QD/MXene)fabricated as SIBs anode,demonstrating impressive performance under wide-temperature conditions(−35 to 65).The theoretical calculations combined with experimental characterization interprets that the unsaturated coordination edges of FeS_(2) QD can induce delocalized electronic regions,which reduces electrostatic potential and significantly facilitates efficient Na+diffusion across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the Ti_(3)C_(2) skeleton reinforces structural integrity via Fe-O-Ti bonding,while enabling excellent dispersion of FeS_(2) QD.As expected,FeS_(2) QD/MXene anode harvests capacities of 255.2 and 424.9 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) under−35 and 65,and the energy density of FeS_(2) QD/MXene//NVP full cell can reach to 162.4 Wh kg^(−1) at−35,highlighting its practical potential for wide-temperatures conditions.This work extends the uncoordinated regions induced by quantum-size effects for exceptional Na^(+)ion storage and diffusion performance at wide-temperatures environment.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in the field of solid organ transplantation.From enhancing donor-recipient matching to predicting clinical risks and tailoring immunosupp...Artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in the field of solid organ transplantation.From enhancing donor-recipient matching to predicting clinical risks and tailoring immunosuppressive therapy,AI has the potential to improve both operational efficiency and patient outcomes.Despite these advancements,the perspectives of transplant professionals-those at the forefront of critical decision-making-remain insufficiently explored.To address this gap,this study utilizes a multi-round electronic Delphi approach to gather and analyses insights from global experts involved in organ transplantation.Participants are invited to complete structured surveys capturing demographic data,professional roles,institutional practices,and prior exposure to AI technologies.The survey also explores perceptions of AI’s potential benefits.Quantitative responses are analyzed using descriptive statistics,while open-ended qualitative responses undergo thematic analysis.Preliminary findings indicate a generally positive outlook on AI’s role in enhancing transplantation processes,particularly in areas such as donor matching and post-operative care.These mixed views reflect both optimism and caution among professionals tasked with integrating new technologies into high-stakes clinical workflows.By capturing a wide range of expert opinions,the findings will inform future policy development,regulatory considerations,and institutional readiness frameworks for the integration of AI into organ transplantation.展开更多
Previous models of the free electron using classical physics equations have predicted attributes that are inconsistent with the experimentally observed attributes. For example, the magnetic moment has been calculated ...Previous models of the free electron using classical physics equations have predicted attributes that are inconsistent with the experimentally observed attributes. For example, the magnetic moment has been calculated for the observed spinning electric charge. For the calculated moment to equal the observed moment, the electron would either have to spin at two hundred times the speed of light or have a charge radius two hundred times greater than the classical radius. A similar inconsistency results when the mass derived from the spin angular momentum is compared with the observed mass. A classical model is herein proposed which eliminates the magnetic moment inconsistency and also predicts the radius of the electron. The novel feature of the model is the replacement of a single charge with two opposite charges, one on the outer surface of the electron and the other at the center.展开更多
A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear acce...A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.展开更多
This special issue will include reviews,regular papers,and short communications,and reports in the fields for next generation electronics and photonics.The topics include but not restricted in advanced microelectronic...This special issue will include reviews,regular papers,and short communications,and reports in the fields for next generation electronics and photonics.The topics include but not restricted in advanced microelectronic devices and materials,low-dimensional materials and novel nanodevice applications,flexible/wearable/implantable electronics,wide bandgap semiconductor materials and devices,photoelectronics,photonics,advanced display technologies,nanophotonics,integrated quantum photonics,photovoltaics,energy harvesting and self-powered wireless sensing,sensors,micro-actuators,MEMS,microfluidics,and bioMEMS,etc.展开更多
A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation...A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation source requires relatively ultrashort electron bunches to produce intense coherent THz pulses.Three electron bunch compression processes are utilized in the PCELL accelerator system comprising pre-bunch compression in an alpha magnet,velocity bunching in a radio-frequency(RF)linear accelerator(linac),and magnetic bunch compression in a 180°acromat system.Electron bunch compression in the magnetic compressor system poses considerable challenges,which are addressed through the use of three quadrupole doublets.The strengths of the quadrupole fields significantly influence the rotation of the beam line longitudinal phase space distribution along the bunch compressor.Start-to-end beam dynamics simulations using the ASTRA code were performed to optimize the electron beam properties for generating super-radiant THz-FEL radiation.The operational parameters considered in the simulations comprise the alpha magnet gradient,linac RF phase,and quadrupole field strengths.The optimization results show that 10-16MeV femtosecond electron bunches with a low energy spread(~0.2%),small normalized emittance(~15πmm·mrad),and high peak current(165-247A)can be produced by the PCELL accelerator system at the optimal parameters.A THz-FEL with sub-microjoule pulse energies can thus be obtained at the optimized electron beam parameters.The physical and conceptual design of the THz-FEL beamline were completed based on the beam dynamics simulation results.The construction and installation of this beamline are currently underway and expected to be completed by mid-2024.The commissioning of the beamline will then commence.展开更多
The author’s earlier papers proposed a model of the electron’s internal structure comprised of both positive and negative masses and charges. Their relation to the fine structure constant a was calculated in the aut...The author’s earlier papers proposed a model of the electron’s internal structure comprised of both positive and negative masses and charges. Their relation to the fine structure constant a was calculated in the author’s previous paper. In this paper, more details of the model of the electron’s internal structure, in particular the thicknesses of its outer shell mass and charge, are calculated. Magnetostriction of the electron’s surface is generated by the electron’s spinning surface charge. It is calculated that this magnetostriction holds the electron together, counterbalancing the outward electrical and centrifugal forces. The results of these calculations enable the prediction that a sufficiently strong external magnetic field can split the electron into three equal pieces. The field strength would have to be on the order of at least 8% of the strength at the center of the electron. A model for the origin and creation of an electron from a gamma ray wave is proposed. Evidence is presented that, for certain transitions, mass might be quantized and that the quantum of mass would be 1/2a times the electron mass.展开更多
The electron g-factor relates the magnetic moment to the spin angular momentum. It was originally theoretically calculated to have a value of exactly 2. Experiments yielded a value of 2 plus a very small fraction, ref...The electron g-factor relates the magnetic moment to the spin angular momentum. It was originally theoretically calculated to have a value of exactly 2. Experiments yielded a value of 2 plus a very small fraction, referred to as the g-factor anomaly. This anomaly has been calculated theoretically as a power series of the fine structure constant. This document shows that the anomaly is the result of the electron charge thickness. If the thickness were to be zero, g = 2 exactly, and there would be no anomaly. As the thickness increases, the anomaly increases. An equation relating the g-factor and the surface charge thickness is presented. The thickness is calculated to be 0.23% of the electron radius. The cause of the anomaly is very clear, but why is the charge thickness greater than zero? Using the model of the interior structure of the electron previously proposed by the author, it is shown that the non-zero thickness, and thus the g-factor anomaly, are due to the proposed positive charge at the electron center and compressibility of the electron material. The author’s previous publication proposes a theory for splitting the electron into three equal charges when subjected to a strong external magnetic field. That theory is revised in this document, and the result is an error reduced to 0.4% in the polar angle where the splits occur and a reduced magnetic field required to cause the splits.展开更多
In two-dimensional bilayer systems,twist-angle-dependent electronic and thermoelectric properties have garnered significant scientific interest in recent years.In this work,based on a combination of density functional...In two-dimensional bilayer systems,twist-angle-dependent electronic and thermoelectric properties have garnered significant scientific interest in recent years.In this work,based on a combination of density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green’s function method,we explore the electronic and thermoelectric properties in blue-phosphorene nanoribbon-based heterojunction(BPNRHJ)with and without blue-phosphorene nanoribbon(BPNR)stack.Our calculations find that the electronic conductance and power factor can be strongly enhanced by the BPNR stack,and their enhancements can be further observed with the twist between the layers.The main reason for this is the electronic hybridization between the layers can provide new transport channels,and the twist can modulate the strength of interlayer electronic hybridization,resulting in extremely violent fluctuations in electron transmission and hence an enhanced power factor.While the phonon thermal conductance exhibits very low dependence on the layer stack and twist.Combining these factors,our results reveal that the thermoelectric performance can be greatly modulated and enhanced in twist bilayer BPNRHJ:the figure of merit will be over 2.5 in 4-4-ZBPNR@ZGNR-AA-8.8∘at 500 K.展开更多
Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and e...Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and exchangecorrelation effects but also the interference between the dynamics of different electron wave packets.展开更多
This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distr...This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distribution function that increases with an increase in energy at zero electron energy.The inverse EEDF plays a central role in the problem of negative conductivity.Based on the previously obtained criterion for the formation of an inverse EEDF in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma,a heuristic method is proposed that allows one to avoid resource-intensive calculations for spatially two-dimensional(2D)kinetic modeling on a large array of different glow discharges.It is shown that the conditions for EEDF inversion can be realized in two-chamber discharge structures due to violating the known Boltzmann distribution for electron density.The theoretical conclusions are validated by numerical modeling of lowpressure two-chamber inductively-coupled plasma(ICP)discharges in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment.As a result,areas of conditions with inverse EEDF were found for subsequent detailed kinetic analysis and experimental studies.展开更多
Ultrafast electron sources, which enable high spatiotemporal resolution in time-resolved electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, are receiving increased attention. The most widely used method for achieving ...Ultrafast electron sources, which enable high spatiotemporal resolution in time-resolved electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, are receiving increased attention. The most widely used method for achieving ultrafast electron sources involves irradiating metal tips by ultrashort laser pulses, causing electron beam emission via the photoelectric effect [including photon-driven(quantum) or field-driven(classical) emission]. However, the thermionic electrons emission process due to the heating effect of ultrashort lasers, particularly its dynamic aspects, has rarely been addressed in previous studies. In this paper, we improved the signal-to-noise ratio of a two-pulse correlation measurement on the tip electron emission by nearly two orders of magnitude using a delay time modulation method. This allowed us to obtain information on the temperature evolution of hot electrons and phonons in a non-equilibrium state, and to extract characteristic time scales for electron-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering. Our findings indicate that the thermionic electrons emission, unlike the instantaneous photoelectric effect, causes electron emission to lag behind the laser pulse by tens of picoseconds, thus significantly affecting the detection of ultrafast dynamics of samples. Furthermore, such a lagging effect was found to be sensitive to the local structure of the metal tip, offering new insights into the improved design of ultrafast electron sources.展开更多
The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic...The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
We present a comprehensive electron momentum spectroscopy study on the electronic structure of trifluorobromomethane.The binding energy spectrum and electron momentum profiles of the entire outer-valence orbitals and ...We present a comprehensive electron momentum spectroscopy study on the electronic structure of trifluorobromomethane.The binding energy spectrum and electron momentum profiles of the entire outer-valence orbitals and the first inner-valence orbital along with several shake-up states were measured by using a high-sensitivity(e,2e)apparatus at an electron impact energy of 1213 eV.Theoretical calculations employing the density functional theory with B3LYP hybrid functional and the symmetry-adapted cluster configuration-interaction method were performed to interpret the experimental results.Important effects of electron correlations in the initial neutral and final ionic states on the electron momentum profiles have been observed.展开更多
We take the contribution of all valence electrons into consideration and propose a new valence electrons equilibration method to calculate the equalized electronegativity including molecular electronegativity, group e...We take the contribution of all valence electrons into consideration and propose a new valence electrons equilibration method to calculate the equalized electronegativity including molecular electronegativity, group electronegativity, and atomic charge. The ionization potential of alkanes and mono-substituted alkanes, the chemical shift of 1H NMR, and the gas phase proton affinity of aliphatic amines, alcohols, and ethers were estimated. All the expressions have good correlations. Moreover, the Sanderson method and Bratsch method were modified on the basis of the valence electrons equilibration theory. The modified Sanderson method and modified Bratsch method are more effective than their original methods to estimate these properties.展开更多
In a previous publication, the author discussed the electron mass and charge inconsistencies resulting from classical models. A model was proposed using classical equations and two opposite charges to resolve the char...In a previous publication, the author discussed the electron mass and charge inconsistencies resulting from classical models. A model was proposed using classical equations and two opposite charges to resolve the charge inconsistency. The model proposed in that article is modified herein using classical equations to define a model that also resolves the mass inconsistency. The positive mass of the outer shell of the electron core is replaced with a negative mass. The small negatively-charged core at the center still has positive mass.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074072,22274083,52376199)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023LZY005)+1 种基金the Exploration Project of the State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and EcoTextiles of Qingdao University(TSKT202101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022BLRD13,2023BLRD01).
文摘A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52025055,52375576,52350349)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022GXLH-01-12)+2 种基金Joint Fund of Ministry of Education for Equipment Pre-research(No.8091B03012304)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2022004607001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.xtr072024031).
文摘Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have garnered considerable attention due to their softness,conformability,and biocompatibility.However,several challenges remain,including imperfect skin-device interfaces,limited breathability,and insufficient mechanoelectrical stability.On-skin epidermal electronics,distinguished by their excellent conformability,breathability,and mechanoelectrical robustness,offer a promising solution for high-fidelity,long-term health monitoring.These devices can seamlessly integrate with the human body,leading to transformative advancements in future personalized healthcare.This review provides a systematic examination of recent advancements in on-skin epidermal electronics,with particular emphasis on critical aspects including material science,structural design,desired properties,and practical applications.We explore various materials,considering their properties and the corresponding structural designs developed to construct high-performance epidermal electronics.We then discuss different approaches for achieving the desired device properties necessary for long-term health monitoring,including adhesiveness,breathability,and mechanoelectrical stability.Additionally,we summarize the diverse applications of these devices in monitoring biophysical and physiological signals.Finally,we address the challenges facing these devices and outline future prospects,offering insights into the ongoing development of on-skin epidermal electronics for long-term health monitoring.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202335 and 52171227)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20221137)National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0108500).
文摘Wide-temperature applications of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are severely limited by the sluggish ion insertion/diffusion kinetics of conversion-type anodes.Quantum-sized transition metal dichalcogenides possess unique advantages of charge delocalization and enrich uncoordinated electrons and short-range transfer kinetics,which are crucial to achieve rapid low-temperature charge transfer and high-temperature interface stability.Herein,a quantum-scale FeS_(2) loaded on three-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene skeletons(FeS_(2) QD/MXene)fabricated as SIBs anode,demonstrating impressive performance under wide-temperature conditions(−35 to 65).The theoretical calculations combined with experimental characterization interprets that the unsaturated coordination edges of FeS_(2) QD can induce delocalized electronic regions,which reduces electrostatic potential and significantly facilitates efficient Na+diffusion across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the Ti_(3)C_(2) skeleton reinforces structural integrity via Fe-O-Ti bonding,while enabling excellent dispersion of FeS_(2) QD.As expected,FeS_(2) QD/MXene anode harvests capacities of 255.2 and 424.9 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) under−35 and 65,and the energy density of FeS_(2) QD/MXene//NVP full cell can reach to 162.4 Wh kg^(−1) at−35,highlighting its practical potential for wide-temperatures conditions.This work extends the uncoordinated regions induced by quantum-size effects for exceptional Na^(+)ion storage and diffusion performance at wide-temperatures environment.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in the field of solid organ transplantation.From enhancing donor-recipient matching to predicting clinical risks and tailoring immunosuppressive therapy,AI has the potential to improve both operational efficiency and patient outcomes.Despite these advancements,the perspectives of transplant professionals-those at the forefront of critical decision-making-remain insufficiently explored.To address this gap,this study utilizes a multi-round electronic Delphi approach to gather and analyses insights from global experts involved in organ transplantation.Participants are invited to complete structured surveys capturing demographic data,professional roles,institutional practices,and prior exposure to AI technologies.The survey also explores perceptions of AI’s potential benefits.Quantitative responses are analyzed using descriptive statistics,while open-ended qualitative responses undergo thematic analysis.Preliminary findings indicate a generally positive outlook on AI’s role in enhancing transplantation processes,particularly in areas such as donor matching and post-operative care.These mixed views reflect both optimism and caution among professionals tasked with integrating new technologies into high-stakes clinical workflows.By capturing a wide range of expert opinions,the findings will inform future policy development,regulatory considerations,and institutional readiness frameworks for the integration of AI into organ transplantation.
文摘Previous models of the free electron using classical physics equations have predicted attributes that are inconsistent with the experimentally observed attributes. For example, the magnetic moment has been calculated for the observed spinning electric charge. For the calculated moment to equal the observed moment, the electron would either have to spin at two hundred times the speed of light or have a charge radius two hundred times greater than the classical radius. A similar inconsistency results when the mass derived from the spin angular momentum is compared with the observed mass. A classical model is herein proposed which eliminates the magnetic moment inconsistency and also predicts the radius of the electron. The novel feature of the model is the replacement of a single charge with two opposite charges, one on the outer surface of the electron and the other at the center.
基金supported by Chiang Mai University for providing infrastructure and the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation[grant number B05F650022]for the software CST Studio Suite^(■)2023Financial support for the reengineering and commissioning of the accelerator system was provided by the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics(ThEP Center),Science and Technology Park Chiang Mai University(CMU STeP)。
文摘A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.
文摘This special issue will include reviews,regular papers,and short communications,and reports in the fields for next generation electronics and photonics.The topics include but not restricted in advanced microelectronic devices and materials,low-dimensional materials and novel nanodevice applications,flexible/wearable/implantable electronics,wide bandgap semiconductor materials and devices,photoelectronics,photonics,advanced display technologies,nanophotonics,integrated quantum photonics,photovoltaics,energy harvesting and self-powered wireless sensing,sensors,micro-actuators,MEMS,microfluidics,and bioMEMS,etc.
基金support from the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research,and Innovation(No.B05F650022),as well as from Chiang Mai University.
文摘A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation source requires relatively ultrashort electron bunches to produce intense coherent THz pulses.Three electron bunch compression processes are utilized in the PCELL accelerator system comprising pre-bunch compression in an alpha magnet,velocity bunching in a radio-frequency(RF)linear accelerator(linac),and magnetic bunch compression in a 180°acromat system.Electron bunch compression in the magnetic compressor system poses considerable challenges,which are addressed through the use of three quadrupole doublets.The strengths of the quadrupole fields significantly influence the rotation of the beam line longitudinal phase space distribution along the bunch compressor.Start-to-end beam dynamics simulations using the ASTRA code were performed to optimize the electron beam properties for generating super-radiant THz-FEL radiation.The operational parameters considered in the simulations comprise the alpha magnet gradient,linac RF phase,and quadrupole field strengths.The optimization results show that 10-16MeV femtosecond electron bunches with a low energy spread(~0.2%),small normalized emittance(~15πmm·mrad),and high peak current(165-247A)can be produced by the PCELL accelerator system at the optimal parameters.A THz-FEL with sub-microjoule pulse energies can thus be obtained at the optimized electron beam parameters.The physical and conceptual design of the THz-FEL beamline were completed based on the beam dynamics simulation results.The construction and installation of this beamline are currently underway and expected to be completed by mid-2024.The commissioning of the beamline will then commence.
文摘The author’s earlier papers proposed a model of the electron’s internal structure comprised of both positive and negative masses and charges. Their relation to the fine structure constant a was calculated in the author’s previous paper. In this paper, more details of the model of the electron’s internal structure, in particular the thicknesses of its outer shell mass and charge, are calculated. Magnetostriction of the electron’s surface is generated by the electron’s spinning surface charge. It is calculated that this magnetostriction holds the electron together, counterbalancing the outward electrical and centrifugal forces. The results of these calculations enable the prediction that a sufficiently strong external magnetic field can split the electron into three equal pieces. The field strength would have to be on the order of at least 8% of the strength at the center of the electron. A model for the origin and creation of an electron from a gamma ray wave is proposed. Evidence is presented that, for certain transitions, mass might be quantized and that the quantum of mass would be 1/2a times the electron mass.
文摘The electron g-factor relates the magnetic moment to the spin angular momentum. It was originally theoretically calculated to have a value of exactly 2. Experiments yielded a value of 2 plus a very small fraction, referred to as the g-factor anomaly. This anomaly has been calculated theoretically as a power series of the fine structure constant. This document shows that the anomaly is the result of the electron charge thickness. If the thickness were to be zero, g = 2 exactly, and there would be no anomaly. As the thickness increases, the anomaly increases. An equation relating the g-factor and the surface charge thickness is presented. The thickness is calculated to be 0.23% of the electron radius. The cause of the anomaly is very clear, but why is the charge thickness greater than zero? Using the model of the interior structure of the electron previously proposed by the author, it is shown that the non-zero thickness, and thus the g-factor anomaly, are due to the proposed positive charge at the electron center and compressibility of the electron material. The author’s previous publication proposes a theory for splitting the electron into three equal charges when subjected to a strong external magnetic field. That theory is revised in this document, and the result is an error reduced to 0.4% in the polar angle where the splits occur and a reduced magnetic field required to cause the splits.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Department of Education of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.21A0167)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2019JJ40532)the Talent Introducing Foundation of Central South University of Forestry and Technology(Grant No.104-0160)。
文摘In two-dimensional bilayer systems,twist-angle-dependent electronic and thermoelectric properties have garnered significant scientific interest in recent years.In this work,based on a combination of density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green’s function method,we explore the electronic and thermoelectric properties in blue-phosphorene nanoribbon-based heterojunction(BPNRHJ)with and without blue-phosphorene nanoribbon(BPNR)stack.Our calculations find that the electronic conductance and power factor can be strongly enhanced by the BPNR stack,and their enhancements can be further observed with the twist between the layers.The main reason for this is the electronic hybridization between the layers can provide new transport channels,and the twist can modulate the strength of interlayer electronic hybridization,resulting in extremely violent fluctuations in electron transmission and hence an enhanced power factor.While the phonon thermal conductance exhibits very low dependence on the layer stack and twist.Combining these factors,our results reveal that the thermoelectric performance can be greatly modulated and enhanced in twist bilayer BPNRHJ:the figure of merit will be over 2.5 in 4-4-ZBPNR@ZGNR-AA-8.8∘at 500 K.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0134200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204214)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.GK202207012)QCYRCXM-2022-241。
文摘Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and exchangecorrelation effects but also the interference between the dynamics of different electron wave packets.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0204100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205067 and 12375199)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.HIT.D?J.2023178)。
文摘This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distribution function that increases with an increase in energy at zero electron energy.The inverse EEDF plays a central role in the problem of negative conductivity.Based on the previously obtained criterion for the formation of an inverse EEDF in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma,a heuristic method is proposed that allows one to avoid resource-intensive calculations for spatially two-dimensional(2D)kinetic modeling on a large array of different glow discharges.It is shown that the conditions for EEDF inversion can be realized in two-chamber discharge structures due to violating the known Boltzmann distribution for electron density.The theoretical conclusions are validated by numerical modeling of lowpressure two-chamber inductively-coupled plasma(ICP)discharges in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment.As a result,areas of conditions with inverse EEDF were found for subsequent detailed kinetic analysis and experimental studies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program under Grant No.2021YFA1400500the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.22273029+1 种基金the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the New Cornerstone Investigator Program under Grant No.NCI202303 and the XPLORER PRIZEthe Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program under Grant No.JWZQ20240101002。
文摘Ultrafast electron sources, which enable high spatiotemporal resolution in time-resolved electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, are receiving increased attention. The most widely used method for achieving ultrafast electron sources involves irradiating metal tips by ultrashort laser pulses, causing electron beam emission via the photoelectric effect [including photon-driven(quantum) or field-driven(classical) emission]. However, the thermionic electrons emission process due to the heating effect of ultrashort lasers, particularly its dynamic aspects, has rarely been addressed in previous studies. In this paper, we improved the signal-to-noise ratio of a two-pulse correlation measurement on the tip electron emission by nearly two orders of magnitude using a delay time modulation method. This allowed us to obtain information on the temperature evolution of hot electrons and phonons in a non-equilibrium state, and to extract characteristic time scales for electron-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering. Our findings indicate that the thermionic electrons emission, unlike the instantaneous photoelectric effect, causes electron emission to lag behind the laser pulse by tens of picoseconds, thus significantly affecting the detection of ultrafast dynamics of samples. Furthermore, such a lagging effect was found to be sensitive to the local structure of the metal tip, offering new insights into the improved design of ultrafast electron sources.
基金The Consortium for Scientific Research,Indore(CSR,Indore)(No.CRS/2021-22/01/426)is acknowledged by the authorsFor the research facilities,the authors are grateful to CHARUSAT University.
文摘The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12127804).
文摘We present a comprehensive electron momentum spectroscopy study on the electronic structure of trifluorobromomethane.The binding energy spectrum and electron momentum profiles of the entire outer-valence orbitals and the first inner-valence orbital along with several shake-up states were measured by using a high-sensitivity(e,2e)apparatus at an electron impact energy of 1213 eV.Theoretical calculations employing the density functional theory with B3LYP hybrid functional and the symmetry-adapted cluster configuration-interaction method were performed to interpret the experimental results.Important effects of electron correlations in the initial neutral and final ionic states on the electron momentum profiles have been observed.
文摘We take the contribution of all valence electrons into consideration and propose a new valence electrons equilibration method to calculate the equalized electronegativity including molecular electronegativity, group electronegativity, and atomic charge. The ionization potential of alkanes and mono-substituted alkanes, the chemical shift of 1H NMR, and the gas phase proton affinity of aliphatic amines, alcohols, and ethers were estimated. All the expressions have good correlations. Moreover, the Sanderson method and Bratsch method were modified on the basis of the valence electrons equilibration theory. The modified Sanderson method and modified Bratsch method are more effective than their original methods to estimate these properties.
文摘In a previous publication, the author discussed the electron mass and charge inconsistencies resulting from classical models. A model was proposed using classical equations and two opposite charges to resolve the charge inconsistency. The model proposed in that article is modified herein using classical equations to define a model that also resolves the mass inconsistency. The positive mass of the outer shell of the electron core is replaced with a negative mass. The small negatively-charged core at the center still has positive mass.
