Electron vortex beams(EVBs)have potential applications in nanoscale magnetic probes of condensed matter and nanoparticle manipulation as well as radiation physics.Recently,a relativistic electron vortex beam(REVB)has ...Electron vortex beams(EVBs)have potential applications in nanoscale magnetic probes of condensed matter and nanoparticle manipulation as well as radiation physics.Recently,a relativistic electron vortex beam(REVB)has been proposed[Phys.Rev.Lett.107174802(2011)].Compared with EVBs,except for orbital angular momentum,an REVB has intrinsic relativistic effect,i.e.,spin angular momentum and spin-orbit coupling.We study the electromagnetic field of an REVB analytically.We show that the electromagnetic field can be separated into two parts,one is only related to orbital quantum number,and the other is related to spin-orbit coupling effect.Exploiting this separation property,the difference between the electromagnetic fields of the REVB in spin-up and spin-down states can be used as a demonstration of the relativistic quantum effect.The linear momentum and angular momentum of the generated electromagnetic field have been further studied and it is shown that the linear momentum is weakly dependent on the spin state;while the angular momentum is evidently dependent on the spin state and linearly increases with the topological charge of electron vortex beam.The electromagnetic and mechanical properties of the REVB could be useful for studying the interaction between REVBs and materials.展开更多
Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to exp...Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to expound on the laws of electromagnetic induction and conversion.The longitudinal wave term of Faraday’s law is reinstated to render it suitable for theoretical derivation of the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave)equation.Subsequently,we formulate the wave and energy equations for electric P-wave based on reevaluated total current law and modified Faraday’s law;meanwhile proposing a propagation mode that reveals its mechanisms absorbing free energy for LEM waves in a conductor predicated on interaction between scalar electric field and vortex magnetic field.Furthermore,through theoretical derivations based on LEM waves,insights into concealed relationships between electric P-wave and electromagnetism scalar potential are disclosed alongside the constraint equation between the wave velocities of LEM wave and TEM(Transverse Electromagnetic)waves,unveiling the significance of LEM wave.展开更多
The influence of the longitudinal acceleration and the angular acceleration of detecting target based on vortex electromagnetic waves in keyhole space are analyzed.The spectrum spreads of different orbital angular mom...The influence of the longitudinal acceleration and the angular acceleration of detecting target based on vortex electromagnetic waves in keyhole space are analyzed.The spectrum spreads of different orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes in different non-line-of-sight situations are simulated.The errors of target accelerations in detection are calculated and compared based on the OAM spectra spreading by using two combinations of composite OAM modes in the keyhole space.According to the research,the effects about spectrum spreads of higher OAM modes are more obvious.The error in detection is mainly affected by OAM spectrum spreading,which can be reduced by reasonably using different combinations of OAM modes in different practical situations.The above results provide a reference idea for investigating keyhole effect when vortex electromagnetic wave is used to detect accelerations.展开更多
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM)have aroused great interest of both scientific and engineering communities.Encouragingly,generating OAM with different topological charges in a shared aperture is reg...Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM)have aroused great interest of both scientific and engineering communities.Encouragingly,generating OAM with different topological charges in a shared aperture is regarded as a potential route to expanding the communication capacity,which yet is an academic challenging task.In this work,a paradigm of designing metasurface-based shared aperture antenna for generating polarization-dependent vortex beams with distinct topological charges is proposed.Anisotropic unit cells that can tailor different resonance phase profiles in two orthogonal orientations are used to assemble a metasurface reflector.As a proof-of-concept,a planar reflector antenna is designed with two Vivaldi sources,which can generate x-and y-polarized vortex beams with topological charges of l=-1 and l=-2,respectively.Both the simulation results and the measurement results are in good agreement,which demonstrates the feasibility of our design.Significantly,this work provides a new route to achieving vortex beams carrying different topological charges in the same frequency band,which may have potential applications in communication systems.展开更多
Experimental and theoretical researches performed by the author (period: 1969-present) showed that the magnetic spinor particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance and are immedia...Experimental and theoretical researches performed by the author (period: 1969-present) showed that the magnetic spinor particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance and are immediate sources of all mag-netic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. Magnetic charges, which constitute together with electrical charges the atomic shells, got of the Author’s title: magnetons and antimagnetons (respectively, with magnetic charges g<sup>−</sup> and g<sup>+</sup>, under fundamental condition: g = e). Besides, together with electrons and magnetic charges in the structures of atomic shells, in the same quantities as the electrons, exist real electric antispinors, i.e. the true antielectrons. In the structures of the atomic shells on each electron fitted still three a real spinor particles: two magnetic (magneton and antimagneton) and one electric, i.e. true antielectron with a charge of e<sup>+</sup>. The spinor particles in atomic shells exist in the form of the two spinor associations: the electromagnetic dibispinors or S-Gravitons and magnetic bispinors (spinorial magnetic dipoles). Magnetic bispinors, which inhabited on the 3d and 4f-shells are the sources of the atomic magnetic fields and are responsible at all magnetic manifestations of the so-called magnetic atoms (iron, nickel, cobalt and others). In composition of S-Graviton is two related bispinor (electric and magnetic). S-Gravitons make up bulk of the charged density of atomic shells and are direct sources of the atomic gravitational field.If to replace all electrons on known of the atomic levels and sub-levels on S-Gravitons, can get an idea about the real electromagnetic device atomic shells most of the elements making up the Periodic Table. In article shows features the structural organization real (electromagnetic) shells of atoms that make up the periodic system of elements, as well as is considered the possibility of adaptation of the well-known quantum numbers, the Pauli’s principle and Hund’s rule, in relation to the atomic electromagnetic device. The main reasons for the fact that the real magnetic charges, as well as the true antielectrons, were “buried alive” in the modern theories are as physics confinement them in atoms and substance, which is cardinally different from the confinement, for example, electrons, so and vicious electromagnetic concept of Maxwell. In the framework of this concept really existing in atoms and substance the magnetic charges, have been mistakenly substituted on acts of the mechanical displacement of electrical charges.展开更多
In this paper,we combine the circular polarization technology and orbital angular momentum(OAM)into the array antenna design for the first time,achieve free switch of the different topological charges in the array by ...In this paper,we combine the circular polarization technology and orbital angular momentum(OAM)into the array antenna design for the first time,achieve free switch of the different topological charges in the array by using high-speed radio frequency(RF)switch technology.We arrange microstrip patch antenna elements equidistantly along the circumference to form eight elements multi-modal OAM vortex electromagnetic wave microstrip array antenna.It can generate elec-tromagnetic waves with dual characteristics of circular polarization and multi-modal vortex OAM(where OAM mode values are l=0,l=±1,l=±2,l=±3).Through simulation,we find mutual coupling between the radiating elements is small relatively,and increasing the number of array elements can not only improve the beam quality,but also generate electromagnetic waves with a higher order of OAM modes.Antenna model can meet the basic demands of ordinary array antenna,and also confirm the practicality of this circular polarized microstrip antenna array model.展开更多
The opening and many years of research of magnetic spinor particles (real magnetic charges) in atoms and substance have enabled the author to formulate the conception of the Physical Triad, according which the real Wo...The opening and many years of research of magnetic spinor particles (real magnetic charges) in atoms and substance have enabled the author to formulate the conception of the Physical Triad, according which the real World consists of three fundamental phases: Matter, Antimatter and Energo-phase (Energo-medium). Particles of Matter are called spinors and particles of Antimatter are called antispinors. Energo-medium is a gasiform phase of high density that fills by himself all the infinite space of the real World. It consists of spinless and massless particles-energions. Spinor fields can be both flows energions (fields of Matter), so and anti-flow energions (fields of Antimatter). Atomic-shaped structures consisting of electric and magnetic spinor particles represent a Physical Mass (atoms, nucleons, etc.). The main characteristic of all varieties of Mass is its ability radiate gravitational field, which is a vortex electromagnetic field. All spinor particles are massless so as individually generate a gravitational field they can’t. All primary forces in the real World are implemented by means of Energo-medium, i.e. contact pressure its particles—energions. The spinor fields, including the gravitational field, myself the real of the power significance, have not. They are only intermediaries, inducing in Energo-medium its active (power) education, which is called “Dark Energy”. “Dark Energy” can be both positive, so and negative. Namely, a positive “Dark Energy”, which is associated with the technical activity of man, is responsible for stable climatic changes on Earth. Greenhouse gases are not the main “culprit” of climatic changes on our planet. However, these gases are the simplest indicator of the overall level of irreversible physical processes that stimulate the growth of the positive “Dark Energy” and are responsible for the negative thermal scenario on Earth.展开更多
Electrodynamic phenomena related to vortices in superconductors have been studied since their prediction by Abrikosov, and seem to hold no fundamental mysteries. However, most of the effects are treated separately, wi...Electrodynamic phenomena related to vortices in superconductors have been studied since their prediction by Abrikosov, and seem to hold no fundamental mysteries. However, most of the effects are treated separately, with no guiding principles. We demonstrate that the relativistic vortex worldsheet in spacetime is the object that naturally conveys all electric and magnetic information, for which we obtain simple and concise equations. Breaking Lorentz invariance leads to down-to-earth Abrikosov vortices, and special limits of these equations include for instance dynamic Meissner screening and the AC Josephson relation. On a deeper level, we explore the electrodynamics of two-form sources in the absence of electric monopoles, in which the electromagnetic field strength itself acquires the characteristics of a gauge field. This novel framework leaves room for unexpected surprises .展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11574085,91536218,and 11834003)the 111 Project,China(Grant No.B12024)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304201)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.2019-01-07-00-05-E00079)。
文摘Electron vortex beams(EVBs)have potential applications in nanoscale magnetic probes of condensed matter and nanoparticle manipulation as well as radiation physics.Recently,a relativistic electron vortex beam(REVB)has been proposed[Phys.Rev.Lett.107174802(2011)].Compared with EVBs,except for orbital angular momentum,an REVB has intrinsic relativistic effect,i.e.,spin angular momentum and spin-orbit coupling.We study the electromagnetic field of an REVB analytically.We show that the electromagnetic field can be separated into two parts,one is only related to orbital quantum number,and the other is related to spin-orbit coupling effect.Exploiting this separation property,the difference between the electromagnetic fields of the REVB in spin-up and spin-down states can be used as a demonstration of the relativistic quantum effect.The linear momentum and angular momentum of the generated electromagnetic field have been further studied and it is shown that the linear momentum is weakly dependent on the spin state;while the angular momentum is evidently dependent on the spin state and linearly increases with the topological charge of electron vortex beam.The electromagnetic and mechanical properties of the REVB could be useful for studying the interaction between REVBs and materials.
文摘Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to expound on the laws of electromagnetic induction and conversion.The longitudinal wave term of Faraday’s law is reinstated to render it suitable for theoretical derivation of the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave)equation.Subsequently,we formulate the wave and energy equations for electric P-wave based on reevaluated total current law and modified Faraday’s law;meanwhile proposing a propagation mode that reveals its mechanisms absorbing free energy for LEM waves in a conductor predicated on interaction between scalar electric field and vortex magnetic field.Furthermore,through theoretical derivations based on LEM waves,insights into concealed relationships between electric P-wave and electromagnetism scalar potential are disclosed alongside the constraint equation between the wave velocities of LEM wave and TEM(Transverse Electromagnetic)waves,unveiling the significance of LEM wave.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804073 and 61775050).
文摘The influence of the longitudinal acceleration and the angular acceleration of detecting target based on vortex electromagnetic waves in keyhole space are analyzed.The spectrum spreads of different orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes in different non-line-of-sight situations are simulated.The errors of target accelerations in detection are calculated and compared based on the OAM spectra spreading by using two combinations of composite OAM modes in the keyhole space.According to the research,the effects about spectrum spreads of higher OAM modes are more obvious.The error in detection is mainly affected by OAM spectrum spreading,which can be reduced by reasonably using different combinations of OAM modes in different practical situations.The above results provide a reference idea for investigating keyhole effect when vortex electromagnetic wave is used to detect accelerations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China(Grant No.61971347).
文摘Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM)have aroused great interest of both scientific and engineering communities.Encouragingly,generating OAM with different topological charges in a shared aperture is regarded as a potential route to expanding the communication capacity,which yet is an academic challenging task.In this work,a paradigm of designing metasurface-based shared aperture antenna for generating polarization-dependent vortex beams with distinct topological charges is proposed.Anisotropic unit cells that can tailor different resonance phase profiles in two orthogonal orientations are used to assemble a metasurface reflector.As a proof-of-concept,a planar reflector antenna is designed with two Vivaldi sources,which can generate x-and y-polarized vortex beams with topological charges of l=-1 and l=-2,respectively.Both the simulation results and the measurement results are in good agreement,which demonstrates the feasibility of our design.Significantly,this work provides a new route to achieving vortex beams carrying different topological charges in the same frequency band,which may have potential applications in communication systems.
文摘Experimental and theoretical researches performed by the author (period: 1969-present) showed that the magnetic spinor particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance and are immediate sources of all mag-netic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. Magnetic charges, which constitute together with electrical charges the atomic shells, got of the Author’s title: magnetons and antimagnetons (respectively, with magnetic charges g<sup>−</sup> and g<sup>+</sup>, under fundamental condition: g = e). Besides, together with electrons and magnetic charges in the structures of atomic shells, in the same quantities as the electrons, exist real electric antispinors, i.e. the true antielectrons. In the structures of the atomic shells on each electron fitted still three a real spinor particles: two magnetic (magneton and antimagneton) and one electric, i.e. true antielectron with a charge of e<sup>+</sup>. The spinor particles in atomic shells exist in the form of the two spinor associations: the electromagnetic dibispinors or S-Gravitons and magnetic bispinors (spinorial magnetic dipoles). Magnetic bispinors, which inhabited on the 3d and 4f-shells are the sources of the atomic magnetic fields and are responsible at all magnetic manifestations of the so-called magnetic atoms (iron, nickel, cobalt and others). In composition of S-Graviton is two related bispinor (electric and magnetic). S-Gravitons make up bulk of the charged density of atomic shells and are direct sources of the atomic gravitational field.If to replace all electrons on known of the atomic levels and sub-levels on S-Gravitons, can get an idea about the real electromagnetic device atomic shells most of the elements making up the Periodic Table. In article shows features the structural organization real (electromagnetic) shells of atoms that make up the periodic system of elements, as well as is considered the possibility of adaptation of the well-known quantum numbers, the Pauli’s principle and Hund’s rule, in relation to the atomic electromagnetic device. The main reasons for the fact that the real magnetic charges, as well as the true antielectrons, were “buried alive” in the modern theories are as physics confinement them in atoms and substance, which is cardinally different from the confinement, for example, electrons, so and vicious electromagnetic concept of Maxwell. In the framework of this concept really existing in atoms and substance the magnetic charges, have been mistakenly substituted on acts of the mechanical displacement of electrical charges.
基金supported in part by the Nation Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61561039)the Nation Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province(No.NZ17041).
文摘In this paper,we combine the circular polarization technology and orbital angular momentum(OAM)into the array antenna design for the first time,achieve free switch of the different topological charges in the array by using high-speed radio frequency(RF)switch technology.We arrange microstrip patch antenna elements equidistantly along the circumference to form eight elements multi-modal OAM vortex electromagnetic wave microstrip array antenna.It can generate elec-tromagnetic waves with dual characteristics of circular polarization and multi-modal vortex OAM(where OAM mode values are l=0,l=±1,l=±2,l=±3).Through simulation,we find mutual coupling between the radiating elements is small relatively,and increasing the number of array elements can not only improve the beam quality,but also generate electromagnetic waves with a higher order of OAM modes.Antenna model can meet the basic demands of ordinary array antenna,and also confirm the practicality of this circular polarized microstrip antenna array model.
文摘The opening and many years of research of magnetic spinor particles (real magnetic charges) in atoms and substance have enabled the author to formulate the conception of the Physical Triad, according which the real World consists of three fundamental phases: Matter, Antimatter and Energo-phase (Energo-medium). Particles of Matter are called spinors and particles of Antimatter are called antispinors. Energo-medium is a gasiform phase of high density that fills by himself all the infinite space of the real World. It consists of spinless and massless particles-energions. Spinor fields can be both flows energions (fields of Matter), so and anti-flow energions (fields of Antimatter). Atomic-shaped structures consisting of electric and magnetic spinor particles represent a Physical Mass (atoms, nucleons, etc.). The main characteristic of all varieties of Mass is its ability radiate gravitational field, which is a vortex electromagnetic field. All spinor particles are massless so as individually generate a gravitational field they can’t. All primary forces in the real World are implemented by means of Energo-medium, i.e. contact pressure its particles—energions. The spinor fields, including the gravitational field, myself the real of the power significance, have not. They are only intermediaries, inducing in Energo-medium its active (power) education, which is called “Dark Energy”. “Dark Energy” can be both positive, so and negative. Namely, a positive “Dark Energy”, which is associated with the technical activity of man, is responsible for stable climatic changes on Earth. Greenhouse gases are not the main “culprit” of climatic changes on our planet. However, these gases are the simplest indicator of the overall level of irreversible physical processes that stimulate the growth of the positive “Dark Energy” and are responsible for the negative thermal scenario on Earth.
文摘Electrodynamic phenomena related to vortices in superconductors have been studied since their prediction by Abrikosov, and seem to hold no fundamental mysteries. However, most of the effects are treated separately, with no guiding principles. We demonstrate that the relativistic vortex worldsheet in spacetime is the object that naturally conveys all electric and magnetic information, for which we obtain simple and concise equations. Breaking Lorentz invariance leads to down-to-earth Abrikosov vortices, and special limits of these equations include for instance dynamic Meissner screening and the AC Josephson relation. On a deeper level, we explore the electrodynamics of two-form sources in the absence of electric monopoles, in which the electromagnetic field strength itself acquires the characteristics of a gauge field. This novel framework leaves room for unexpected surprises .
