Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sara...Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sarawak remains limited due to economic,technical,and environmental challenges that hinder its implementation.Compared to other renewable energy sources,wave energy is underutilized largely because of cost uncertainties and the lack of local performance data.This research aims to identify themost suitable coastal zone in Sarawak that achieves an optimal balance between energy potential,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact,particularly in relation to infrastructure and regional development.The findings indicate that wave energy generation in Sarawak is technically feasible based on MOGA analysis.Among the studied sites,Bintulu emerged as the most balanced option,with a levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of 0.778–0.864 USD/kWh and a CO_(2) emission factor as low as 0.019–0.020 CO_(2)/k Wh.Miri,while producing lower emissions than Sematan,recorded a higher LCOE of 1.045 USD/kWh with moderate emissions at 0.029 CO_(2)/kWh.Sematan,characterized by weaker wave conditions and higher installation penalties,resulted in the least favorable outcome,with an LCOE of 3.735 USD/kWh.Bintulu’s strategic location reduces CAPEX requirements,making it the most suitable site for large-scale wave energy deployment in Sarawak.展开更多
The State Council decided to raise the retail electricity price by 0.25 Yuan/kWh from July, 2008. This will, to some extent, relieve the conflicts between power supply and demand, and decrease the economic losses in
The commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has garnered worldwide attention and many efforts were devoted on the improvement of efficiency and stability.Here,we estimated the cost effectivities of PSCs based...The commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has garnered worldwide attention and many efforts were devoted on the improvement of efficiency and stability.Here,we estimated the cost effectivities of PSCs based on the current industrial condition.Through the analysis of current process,the manufacturing cost and the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of PSCs is estimated as 0.57$W^(−1) and 18-22 US cents(kWh)^(−1),respectively,and we demonstrate the materials cost shares 70%of the total cost.Sensitivity analysis indicates that the improvement of efficiency,yield and decrease in materials cost significantly reduce the cost of the modules.Analysis of the module cost and LCOE indicates that the PSCs have the potential to outperform the silicon solar cells in the condition of over 25%efficiency and 25-year lifetime in future.To achieve this target,it is essential to further refine the fabrication processes of each layer in the module,develop stable inorganic transport materials,and precisely control material formation and processing at the microscale and nanoscale to enhance charge transport.展开更多
North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development.Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal.Considering three typical types of renewabl...North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development.Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal.Considering three typical types of renewable energies—wind,photovoltaic(PV),and concentrating solar power(CSP)—an optimal planning model is established to minimize construction costs and power curtailment losses.The levelized cost of electricity is used as an index for assessing economic feasibility.In this study,wind and PV,wind/PV/CSP,and transnational interconnection modes are designed for Morocco,Egypt,and Tunisia.The installed capacities of renewable energy power generation are planned through the time sequence production simulation method for each country.The results show that renewable energy combined with power generation,including the CSP mode,can improve reliability of the power supply and reduce the power curtailment rate.The transnational interconnection mode can help realize mutual benefits of renewable energy power,while the apportionment of electricity prices and trading mechanisms are very important and are related to economic feasibility;thus,this mode is important for the future development of renewable energy in North Africa.展开更多
Coal has been dominating the electricity supply in Indonesia,especially in long-term power generation from fossil energy.This dominance is due to lower production costs in coal-fired power plant generation.However,thi...Coal has been dominating the electricity supply in Indonesia,especially in long-term power generation from fossil energy.This dominance is due to lower production costs in coal-fired power plant generation.However,this low price is only based on monetary costs and ignores the social costs.Therefore,this study aims to quantify the social costs of coal-fired generation.Using QUERI-AirPacts modeling,the present study quantifies the social costs resulting from the Tenayan Raya coal-fired generation in Riau,Indonesia.It includes the levelized cost of electricity and health costs into the generation costs.After that,this study calculates the net present value,internal rate return,and project payback period.The study found that as much as$50.22/MWh was the levelized cost of electricity.While$15.978/MWh or$0.015978/kWh was the social cost that was not included in the generating cost.At the electricity production level of 1,380,171.69 MWh per year,there is an expected extra cost of$22,052,383.30 uncounted when externalities are included.For instance,the net present value(NPV)is lower and even negative when external costs are included(-$24,062,274.19)compared to$176,108,091.52 when externalities are not considered.The internal rate of return(IRR)is much higher when the social costs are not considered.The payback period is also shorter when the social costs are excluded than when the externalities are included.This global number indicates that the inclusion of external costs would impact NPV,IRR,and the payback period.This result implies that the government should internalize the external cost to stimulate the electricity producers to conduct cost-benefit analyses.The cost-benefit analysis mechanism would lead the producers to be more efficient.展开更多
THE ACCELERATION OF WIND AND SOLAR DEPLOYMENT The global energy landscape is undergoing a dramatic shift marked by the accelerating deployment of wind and solar technologies.Driven by compelling economics and intensif...THE ACCELERATION OF WIND AND SOLAR DEPLOYMENT The global energy landscape is undergoing a dramatic shift marked by the accelerating deployment of wind and solar technologies.Driven by compelling economics and intensifying decarbonization commitments,these renewables have transformed from supplemental sources into the backbone of new electricity systems.According to the International Energy Agency,the levelized cost of electricity for utility-scale solar photovoltaics has declined by over 80%since 2010,while the cost of onshore wind has fallen by nearly 60%.These improvements have made renewables environmentally imperative and economically competitive with fossil fuels.展开更多
Based on authoritative data such as the Global Offshore Wind Report 2025 by GWEC,this study systematically sorts out the current development status and trends of global offshore wind power,focuses on analyzing the cos...Based on authoritative data such as the Global Offshore Wind Report 2025 by GWEC,this study systematically sorts out the current development status and trends of global offshore wind power,focuses on analyzing the cost evolution path,the direction of technological progress and the changes in regional market patterns,and evaluates the major opportunities and challenges in the next decade.It aims to provide forwardlooking strategic references for government decision-making,energy enterprise layout,industrial chain coordination and long-term capital allocation.展开更多
The Maisotsenko gas turbine cycle(MGTC),integrated with a combined aftercooling and regenerative saturator,has the potential to challenge traditional wet air turbine cycles.However,its large water consumption limits i...The Maisotsenko gas turbine cycle(MGTC),integrated with a combined aftercooling and regenerative saturator,has the potential to challenge traditional wet air turbine cycles.However,its large water consumption limits its applicability.By integrating an intercooler and Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC) into the MGTC,this study proposes a comprehensive design of IMGT-ORC,which can adjust the water capacity of the saturator,and utilize the sensible heat of cooling water and the latent heat of evaporation in exhaust gas to achieve water and energy saving.Firstly,a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of various parameter variations on thermodynamic and economic indicators under different temperature drop ratios.Subsequently,a multi-objective optimization approach was employed to seek for an optimal balance between economic and environmental benefits.The results showed that either the intercooler or ORC integration can improve the thermal efficiency of the system.In the case of joint setting,the thermal efficiency is relatively increased by 6.89% and the water consumption is relatively reduced by 89.07%.Moreover,although high temperature drop ratio reduces the output of ORC,it enhances the energy efficiency of the top cycle.In terms of cost control,ORC integration may increase the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE) slightly,while the intercooler integration helps offset the increase.Finally,the optimization results show that using the optimal parameter combination can reduce the annual equivalent carbon dioxide emissions by 11 600 tons and the annual water consumption of the power plant by 251 027 tons.展开更多
Concentrating solar power(CSP)technology has received increasing attention in recent years because of its distinct advantage for dispatchable power generation from solar energy.However,owing to its highly levelized co...Concentrating solar power(CSP)technology has received increasing attention in recent years because of its distinct advantage for dispatchable power generation from solar energy.However,owing to its highly levelized costs of electricity,CSP plants are less competitive than photovoltaic(PV)power plants.To overcome this drawback and suppress PV power fluctuations,the concept of a hybrid CSP/PV power plant is proposed and developed.A capacity configuration method based on filtering and checking is proposed to seek a relationship between the capacity configuration of a hybrid CSP/PV system and the cost of solar energy.Co-content hybrid systems with different ratios of CSP capacity and PV capacity are modeled,and their comprehensive performance is investigated.Simulations and comparisons with a standalone CSP system focused on annual energy generation,capacity factor,levelized cost of electricity,and possibility for loss of power supply show that the hybrid CSP/PV systems possess different features depending on their capacity configurations.The results indicate that the proposed method can supply a convenient and simple operation pattern that favors engineering utilization and extension.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have shown remarkable advancements and achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies since their initial introduction in 2012.However,challenges regarding stability,quality,and sustaina...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have shown remarkable advancements and achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies since their initial introduction in 2012.However,challenges regarding stability,quality,and sustainability must be addressed for their successful commercial use.This review analyses the recent studies and challenges related to the operating life and end-of-life utilization of PSCs.Strategies to enhance the stability and mitigate the toxic Pb leakage in operational and recycling approaches of discarded PSCs post their end-of-life are examined to establish a viable and sustainable PSC industry.Additionally,future research directions are proposed for the advancements in the PSC industry.The goal is to ensure high efficiency as well as economic and environmental sustainability throughout the lifecycle of PSCs.展开更多
During the past few years,Egypt has increased the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to achieve the renewable-energy strategy.The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has se...During the past few years,Egypt has increased the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to achieve the renewable-energy strategy.The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has set an ambitious target to increase the share of renewable energy among the total energy mix to be 20%by 2022 and 42%by 2035.This target will be achieved using several approved policies such as feed-in tariffs,build-own-operate and independent power producers under a merchant scheme.This paper presents a full analysis of wind-potential characteristics at Elkharga Oasis in Egypt based on an actual wind-measurement campaign taken by a met mast at two height levels of 10 and 25 m,respectively.The measurements show an average annual wind speed of 5.72 m/s at 10-m height and 6.53 m/s at>25-m height.The estimated wind speed,however,is 8.38 m/s at 120 m,which is technically convenient to generate electricity from wind energy.In this paper,the wind potential in the area is assessed using the statistical method of the Weibull probability density function.The different methods to estimate the Weibull distribution parameters are presented and the relevant accuracy is verified based on the root mean square error.A techno-economic assessment and selection of the optimal wind-turbine size with ideal micro-sitings are performed using the software package windPRO.Different cases of study for three typical wind-turbine models with various rotor diameters,power capacity,layout configuration and annual yield are assessed at the site.The selection of the most convenient wind turbine is determined based on the IEC 61400 standard criteria and the turbine that produces the lowest levelized cost of electricity.展开更多
Dynamic comprehensive assessment of regional power industry development levels is of paramount importance for understanding the development characteristics and potential of the local power industry.A tri-level evaluat...Dynamic comprehensive assessment of regional power industry development levels is of paramount importance for understanding the development characteristics and potential of the local power industry.A tri-level evaluation index system is established,describing five aspects of the local power industry development level,specifically,the coordination degree between the power industry and economy/energy,power generation,power consumption,power supply and development potential.A combination of information entropy and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used to establish a static evaluation model,and a blend of subjective opinions and objective data information is then realized.By aggregating the static evaluation model for each time period based on a time-ordered weighting vector calculated using time-ordered information entropy,a dynamic comprehensive evaluation model of power industry development level is established.By considering provincial data from China recorded during 2007 to 2016 as the sample set,through synchronic and diachronic comparisons of the evaluation results,the differences,characteristics and potential of local power industry development in China are explored.展开更多
In this study,energetic,economic,and environmental analysis of solid oxide fuel cell-based combined cooling,heating,and power(SOFC-CCHP)system is proposed for a cancer care hospital building.The energy required for th...In this study,energetic,economic,and environmental analysis of solid oxide fuel cell-based combined cooling,heating,and power(SOFC-CCHP)system is proposed for a cancer care hospital building.The energy required for the hospital power,cooling,and heating demands was obtained based on real and detailed field data,which could serve as a reference for future works in the field.These data with a 3D model for the hospital building are constructed and created in eQUEST software to precisely calculate the energy demands of the existing system(baseline case).Then,energetic,economic,and environmental models were developed to compare and assess the performance of the proposed SOFC-CCHP system.The results show that the proposed system can cover about 49% to 77% of the power demand of the hospital with an overall efficiency of 78.3%.Also,the results show that the levelized cost of electricity of the system and its payback period at the designed capacity of the SOFC is 0.087S/kWh and 10 years,respectively.Furthermore,compared to the baseline system of the hospital,the SOFC-CCHP reduces the CO_(2) emission by 89% over the year.The sensitivity analysis showed that a maximum SOFC efficiency of 52%and overall efficiency of 80%are achieved at cell operating temperature of 1027℃ and fuel utilization factor of 0.85.展开更多
Multi-stage reverse electrodialysis(MSRED)offers a promising way for efficient salinity gradient energy harvesting.Here,an improved model of the MSRED system under serial control strategy is proposed.The technical–ec...Multi-stage reverse electrodialysis(MSRED)offers a promising way for efficient salinity gradient energy harvesting.Here,an improved model of the MSRED system under serial control strategy is proposed.The technical–economic analysis is conducted with considering discount,depreciation and different regional tax and electricity price lev-els under the maximum net power output conditions.Results reveal that net power output and energy efficiency both increase first with increasing stage numbers,reach their maximum values,and then decrease.For 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the optimal net power output of 4.98 kW is obtained at the stage number n=12.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum net power increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.Due to the com-promise between net power generation and capital cost,there exist optimal stage numbers leading to the lowest LCOE and largest NPV,respectively.Higher feed solution concentration can significantly decrease the system LCOE and increase the NPV.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum NPV increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.In Germany,for 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the lowest LCOE of 0.061€·kWh^(-1) is achieved at n=3 while the highest NPV over the system lifecycle of 52,005€is obtained at n=8.Lower tax,higher electricity price,appropriate membrane price and stage numbers,and high salinity gradient sources can significantly accelerate the commercial completeness of the MSRED systems.展开更多
基金supported by Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus and Birmingham City University.
文摘Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sarawak remains limited due to economic,technical,and environmental challenges that hinder its implementation.Compared to other renewable energy sources,wave energy is underutilized largely because of cost uncertainties and the lack of local performance data.This research aims to identify themost suitable coastal zone in Sarawak that achieves an optimal balance between energy potential,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact,particularly in relation to infrastructure and regional development.The findings indicate that wave energy generation in Sarawak is technically feasible based on MOGA analysis.Among the studied sites,Bintulu emerged as the most balanced option,with a levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of 0.778–0.864 USD/kWh and a CO_(2) emission factor as low as 0.019–0.020 CO_(2)/k Wh.Miri,while producing lower emissions than Sematan,recorded a higher LCOE of 1.045 USD/kWh with moderate emissions at 0.029 CO_(2)/kWh.Sematan,characterized by weaker wave conditions and higher installation penalties,resulted in the least favorable outcome,with an LCOE of 3.735 USD/kWh.Bintulu’s strategic location reduces CAPEX requirements,making it the most suitable site for large-scale wave energy deployment in Sarawak.
文摘The State Council decided to raise the retail electricity price by 0.25 Yuan/kWh from July, 2008. This will, to some extent, relieve the conflicts between power supply and demand, and decrease the economic losses in
基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3800068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20171).
文摘The commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has garnered worldwide attention and many efforts were devoted on the improvement of efficiency and stability.Here,we estimated the cost effectivities of PSCs based on the current industrial condition.Through the analysis of current process,the manufacturing cost and the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of PSCs is estimated as 0.57$W^(−1) and 18-22 US cents(kWh)^(−1),respectively,and we demonstrate the materials cost shares 70%of the total cost.Sensitivity analysis indicates that the improvement of efficiency,yield and decrease in materials cost significantly reduce the cost of the modules.Analysis of the module cost and LCOE indicates that the PSCs have the potential to outperform the silicon solar cells in the condition of over 25%efficiency and 25-year lifetime in future.To achieve this target,it is essential to further refine the fabrication processes of each layer in the module,develop stable inorganic transport materials,and precisely control material formation and processing at the microscale and nanoscale to enhance charge transport.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of SGCC(Large-scale development and utilization mode of solar energy in North Africa under the condition of transcontinental grid interconnection:NY71-18-004)the Science and Technology Foundation of GEI(Research on Large-scale Solar Energy Development in West-Asia and North-Africa:NYN11201805034)
文摘North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development.Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal.Considering three typical types of renewable energies—wind,photovoltaic(PV),and concentrating solar power(CSP)—an optimal planning model is established to minimize construction costs and power curtailment losses.The levelized cost of electricity is used as an index for assessing economic feasibility.In this study,wind and PV,wind/PV/CSP,and transnational interconnection modes are designed for Morocco,Egypt,and Tunisia.The installed capacities of renewable energy power generation are planned through the time sequence production simulation method for each country.The results show that renewable energy combined with power generation,including the CSP mode,can improve reliability of the power supply and reduce the power curtailment rate.The transnational interconnection mode can help realize mutual benefits of renewable energy power,while the apportionment of electricity prices and trading mechanisms are very important and are related to economic feasibility;thus,this mode is important for the future development of renewable energy in North Africa.
文摘Coal has been dominating the electricity supply in Indonesia,especially in long-term power generation from fossil energy.This dominance is due to lower production costs in coal-fired power plant generation.However,this low price is only based on monetary costs and ignores the social costs.Therefore,this study aims to quantify the social costs of coal-fired generation.Using QUERI-AirPacts modeling,the present study quantifies the social costs resulting from the Tenayan Raya coal-fired generation in Riau,Indonesia.It includes the levelized cost of electricity and health costs into the generation costs.After that,this study calculates the net present value,internal rate return,and project payback period.The study found that as much as$50.22/MWh was the levelized cost of electricity.While$15.978/MWh or$0.015978/kWh was the social cost that was not included in the generating cost.At the electricity production level of 1,380,171.69 MWh per year,there is an expected extra cost of$22,052,383.30 uncounted when externalities are included.For instance,the net present value(NPV)is lower and even negative when external costs are included(-$24,062,274.19)compared to$176,108,091.52 when externalities are not considered.The internal rate of return(IRR)is much higher when the social costs are not considered.The payback period is also shorter when the social costs are excluded than when the externalities are included.This global number indicates that the inclusion of external costs would impact NPV,IRR,and the payback period.This result implies that the government should internalize the external cost to stimulate the electricity producers to conduct cost-benefit analyses.The cost-benefit analysis mechanism would lead the producers to be more efficient.
基金supported in part by the Intergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation(2024YFE0114400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72325006)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72488101)the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs(H20240456)support from the China Scholarship Council(grant 202506160024).
文摘THE ACCELERATION OF WIND AND SOLAR DEPLOYMENT The global energy landscape is undergoing a dramatic shift marked by the accelerating deployment of wind and solar technologies.Driven by compelling economics and intensifying decarbonization commitments,these renewables have transformed from supplemental sources into the backbone of new electricity systems.According to the International Energy Agency,the levelized cost of electricity for utility-scale solar photovoltaics has declined by over 80%since 2010,while the cost of onshore wind has fallen by nearly 60%.These improvements have made renewables environmentally imperative and economically competitive with fossil fuels.
文摘Based on authoritative data such as the Global Offshore Wind Report 2025 by GWEC,this study systematically sorts out the current development status and trends of global offshore wind power,focuses on analyzing the cost evolution path,the direction of technological progress and the changes in regional market patterns,and evaluates the major opportunities and challenges in the next decade.It aims to provide forwardlooking strategic references for government decision-making,energy enterprise layout,industrial chain coordination and long-term capital allocation.
基金financial support from the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Long-Life High Temperature Materials (DEC8300CG202210279EE280285)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (501XTCX2023146001)。
文摘The Maisotsenko gas turbine cycle(MGTC),integrated with a combined aftercooling and regenerative saturator,has the potential to challenge traditional wet air turbine cycles.However,its large water consumption limits its applicability.By integrating an intercooler and Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC) into the MGTC,this study proposes a comprehensive design of IMGT-ORC,which can adjust the water capacity of the saturator,and utilize the sensible heat of cooling water and the latent heat of evaporation in exhaust gas to achieve water and energy saving.Firstly,a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of various parameter variations on thermodynamic and economic indicators under different temperature drop ratios.Subsequently,a multi-objective optimization approach was employed to seek for an optimal balance between economic and environmental benefits.The results showed that either the intercooler or ORC integration can improve the thermal efficiency of the system.In the case of joint setting,the thermal efficiency is relatively increased by 6.89% and the water consumption is relatively reduced by 89.07%.Moreover,although high temperature drop ratio reduces the output of ORC,it enhances the energy efficiency of the top cycle.In terms of cost control,ORC integration may increase the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE) slightly,while the intercooler integration helps offset the increase.Finally,the optimization results show that using the optimal parameter combination can reduce the annual equivalent carbon dioxide emissions by 11 600 tons and the annual water consumption of the power plant by 251 027 tons.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFE0102600)the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(61733010).
文摘Concentrating solar power(CSP)technology has received increasing attention in recent years because of its distinct advantage for dispatchable power generation from solar energy.However,owing to its highly levelized costs of electricity,CSP plants are less competitive than photovoltaic(PV)power plants.To overcome this drawback and suppress PV power fluctuations,the concept of a hybrid CSP/PV power plant is proposed and developed.A capacity configuration method based on filtering and checking is proposed to seek a relationship between the capacity configuration of a hybrid CSP/PV system and the cost of solar energy.Co-content hybrid systems with different ratios of CSP capacity and PV capacity are modeled,and their comprehensive performance is investigated.Simulations and comparisons with a standalone CSP system focused on annual energy generation,capacity factor,levelized cost of electricity,and possibility for loss of power supply show that the hybrid CSP/PV systems possess different features depending on their capacity configurations.The results indicate that the proposed method can supply a convenient and simple operation pattern that favors engineering utilization and extension.
基金supported by SKKU Excellence in Research Award Research Fund,Sungkyunkwan University,2023.
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have shown remarkable advancements and achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies since their initial introduction in 2012.However,challenges regarding stability,quality,and sustainability must be addressed for their successful commercial use.This review analyses the recent studies and challenges related to the operating life and end-of-life utilization of PSCs.Strategies to enhance the stability and mitigate the toxic Pb leakage in operational and recycling approaches of discarded PSCs post their end-of-life are examined to establish a viable and sustainable PSC industry.Additionally,future research directions are proposed for the advancements in the PSC industry.The goal is to ensure high efficiency as well as economic and environmental sustainability throughout the lifecycle of PSCs.
文摘During the past few years,Egypt has increased the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to achieve the renewable-energy strategy.The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has set an ambitious target to increase the share of renewable energy among the total energy mix to be 20%by 2022 and 42%by 2035.This target will be achieved using several approved policies such as feed-in tariffs,build-own-operate and independent power producers under a merchant scheme.This paper presents a full analysis of wind-potential characteristics at Elkharga Oasis in Egypt based on an actual wind-measurement campaign taken by a met mast at two height levels of 10 and 25 m,respectively.The measurements show an average annual wind speed of 5.72 m/s at 10-m height and 6.53 m/s at>25-m height.The estimated wind speed,however,is 8.38 m/s at 120 m,which is technically convenient to generate electricity from wind energy.In this paper,the wind potential in the area is assessed using the statistical method of the Weibull probability density function.The different methods to estimate the Weibull distribution parameters are presented and the relevant accuracy is verified based on the root mean square error.A techno-economic assessment and selection of the optimal wind-turbine size with ideal micro-sitings are performed using the software package windPRO.Different cases of study for three typical wind-turbine models with various rotor diameters,power capacity,layout configuration and annual yield are assessed at the site.The selection of the most convenient wind turbine is determined based on the IEC 61400 standard criteria and the turbine that produces the lowest levelized cost of electricity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51777104the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China.
文摘Dynamic comprehensive assessment of regional power industry development levels is of paramount importance for understanding the development characteristics and potential of the local power industry.A tri-level evaluation index system is established,describing five aspects of the local power industry development level,specifically,the coordination degree between the power industry and economy/energy,power generation,power consumption,power supply and development potential.A combination of information entropy and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used to establish a static evaluation model,and a blend of subjective opinions and objective data information is then realized.By aggregating the static evaluation model for each time period based on a time-ordered weighting vector calculated using time-ordered information entropy,a dynamic comprehensive evaluation model of power industry development level is established.By considering provincial data from China recorded during 2007 to 2016 as the sample set,through synchronic and diachronic comparisons of the evaluation results,the differences,characteristics and potential of local power industry development in China are explored.
基金The work presented in this publication was made possible by NPRP-S grant#[11S-1231-170155]from the Qatar National Research Fund(a member of Qatar Foundation)。
文摘In this study,energetic,economic,and environmental analysis of solid oxide fuel cell-based combined cooling,heating,and power(SOFC-CCHP)system is proposed for a cancer care hospital building.The energy required for the hospital power,cooling,and heating demands was obtained based on real and detailed field data,which could serve as a reference for future works in the field.These data with a 3D model for the hospital building are constructed and created in eQUEST software to precisely calculate the energy demands of the existing system(baseline case).Then,energetic,economic,and environmental models were developed to compare and assess the performance of the proposed SOFC-CCHP system.The results show that the proposed system can cover about 49% to 77% of the power demand of the hospital with an overall efficiency of 78.3%.Also,the results show that the levelized cost of electricity of the system and its payback period at the designed capacity of the SOFC is 0.087S/kWh and 10 years,respectively.Furthermore,compared to the baseline system of the hospital,the SOFC-CCHP reduces the CO_(2) emission by 89% over the year.The sensitivity analysis showed that a maximum SOFC efficiency of 52%and overall efficiency of 80%are achieved at cell operating temperature of 1027℃ and fuel utilization factor of 0.85.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52176070).
文摘Multi-stage reverse electrodialysis(MSRED)offers a promising way for efficient salinity gradient energy harvesting.Here,an improved model of the MSRED system under serial control strategy is proposed.The technical–economic analysis is conducted with considering discount,depreciation and different regional tax and electricity price lev-els under the maximum net power output conditions.Results reveal that net power output and energy efficiency both increase first with increasing stage numbers,reach their maximum values,and then decrease.For 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the optimal net power output of 4.98 kW is obtained at the stage number n=12.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum net power increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.Due to the com-promise between net power generation and capital cost,there exist optimal stage numbers leading to the lowest LCOE and largest NPV,respectively.Higher feed solution concentration can significantly decrease the system LCOE and increase the NPV.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum NPV increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.In Germany,for 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the lowest LCOE of 0.061€·kWh^(-1) is achieved at n=3 while the highest NPV over the system lifecycle of 52,005€is obtained at n=8.Lower tax,higher electricity price,appropriate membrane price and stage numbers,and high salinity gradient sources can significantly accelerate the commercial completeness of the MSRED systems.
