As the enlightenment stage of students’Chinese learning,primary school Chinese education plays a key role in cultivating students’language ability,thinking development,and humanistic literacy.Value-added evaluation,...As the enlightenment stage of students’Chinese learning,primary school Chinese education plays a key role in cultivating students’language ability,thinking development,and humanistic literacy.Value-added evaluation,as an evaluation method that focuses on the changes in students’individual development and attaches importance to the learning process,has gradually attracted attention in the application of primary school Chinese education.This paper first analyzes the problems existing in the current implementation of value-added evaluation in primary school Chinese,and then explores the countermeasures to improve the effectiveness of value-added evaluation in primary school Chinese from the aspects of evaluation concept,evaluation content,evaluation method,evaluation subject,and application of evaluation results.The purpose is to provide strong support for the improvement of primary school Chinese teaching quality and the all-round development of students.展开更多
We revisit the issue of whether the effective potential for the conformal factor of the metric,which is generated by quantized matter fields,possesses a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value(VEV)or not.We prove that ...We revisit the issue of whether the effective potential for the conformal factor of the metric,which is generated by quantized matter fields,possesses a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value(VEV)or not.We prove that the effective potential has a vanishing vacuum expectation value on the basis of a global GL(4)symmetry.We also account for why there seems to be two different effective potentials for the conformal factor in a theory,one of which gives rise to a vanishing VEV for the conformal factor,whereas the other has a non-vanishing VEV.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis(AP)is a frequently encountered surgical emergency,and appendectomy is conventionally regarded as the predominant treatment moda-lity.Nevertheless,the therapeutic efficacy of this surgical...BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis(AP)is a frequently encountered surgical emergency,and appendectomy is conventionally regarded as the predominant treatment moda-lity.Nevertheless,the therapeutic efficacy of this surgical approach remains to be improved.Thus,the exploration and implementation of surgical refinements are necessary.AIM To elucidate the therapeutic effectiveness and influencing factors of laparoscopic appendectomy(LA)with mesoappendix dissection in the treatment of AP.METHODS First,150 patients with AP who visited Shangrao Municipal Hospital between January 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled in this study.Among them,72 patients were assigned to the control group to receive conventional LA,whereas 78 cases were included in the observation group for LA with mesoappendix dissection.Subsequently,indicators such as therapeutic effectiveness,surgical indices(ope-ration time,intraoperative blood loss,and hospital stay),postoperative recovery indices(time to ambulation,gastrointestinal function recovery time,and time to food intake),incidence of adverse events(postoperative bleeding,pelvic infection,puncture site infection,and ileus),and serum inflammatory factors[tumor necro-sis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,and C-reactive protein(CRP)]were collected and comparatively analyzed,and the influencing factors of therapeutic effecti-veness in patients with AP were analyzed.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group had higher clinical the-rapeutic effectiveness,less operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and hospital stay;shorter time to ambulation,gastrointestinal function recovery,and food intake;and a lower total incidence of adverse events,and this difference is statistically significant.In addition,the expression levels of various serum inflammatory factors in the observation group were significantly reduced postoperatively,which were markedly lower than those in the control group.Moreover,sex,age,body mass index,time from acute onset to admission,family medical history,preoperative TNF-α,preoperative IL-6,preoperative CRP,and treatment modality were identified to be not independent factors affecting the therapeutic effectiveness of LA with mesoappendix dissection in patients with AP.CONCLUSION Overall,LA with mesoappendix dissection has a remarkable curative effect in treating patients with AP,which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
The fractal theory was introduced into the gas solid catalytic reaction system to describe the influence of the surface irregularity of catalyst on the gas solid catalytic reaction.A fractal reaction diffusion mode...The fractal theory was introduced into the gas solid catalytic reaction system to describe the influence of the surface irregularity of catalyst on the gas solid catalytic reaction.A fractal reaction diffusion model is proposed for irregular particles.Based on the shape characterization of the irregular particle,the mth order irreversible reactions are theoretically analyzed.A steady state equation of material balance and its solution as the concentration profile of reacting species are given for the reaction diffusion model for irregular particles.Meanwhile,the effectiveness factors are also expressed with fractal dimension.The results indicate that the higher the fractal dimensions,the higher the total reaction rate,and with the increase of the fractal dimension,the utilization factor of the catalyst is deeply increased.展开更多
The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS ...The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS factor always varies with the changing DEM resolution,i.e.,the LS factor scale effect.Previous studies have found the phenomenon of the LS factor scale effect,but the underlying causes of this phenomenon has not been well explored.Therefore,how the DEM resolution affects the LS factor and how the scale effect of the L and S factors influence the LS factor scale effect remains unclear.To address these problems,we collected 20 watersheds from the Guangdong Province with different topographic reliefs,and compared the corresponding L,S and LS factors at 10-m and 30-m resolution DEMs.Our results indicate that the S factor,heavily influenced by slope underestimation in coarse-resolution DEMs,makes a difference in the LS factor scale effect.In addition,the LS factor scale effect becomes less significant with increasing reliefs,suggesting the possibility of using 30-m DEM for LS calculation in rugged terrains.Our findings on the underlying mechanisms of the LS factor scale effect help to identify the uncertainty in the LS factor estimation,thereby enhancing the accuracy of soil erosion assessment,particularly in regions with different topographic characteristics and contribute to more effective soil conservation strategies and decision-making.展开更多
Based on the observation data of meteorological observation stations in Jining City during 1970-2024,MK mutation test and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to study the evolution characteristics of urban heat...Based on the observation data of meteorological observation stations in Jining City during 1970-2024,MK mutation test and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to study the evolution characteristics of urban heat island intensity(UHII)and the contribution rate of various influencing factors in Jining City over the past 55 years.The results show that from 1970 to 2024,the UHII in Jining City generally rose at a rate of 0.1℃/10 a.On the interannual scale,the correlation between temperature and UHII was most significantly positive.On the seasonal scale,there was a strong negative correlation between wind speed and UHII.PCA reveals that temperature had a significant positive impact on the increase of UHII in Jining City.展开更多
Approximate analytical expressions of overall effectiveness factors for parallel catalytic reac-tions occurring in a spherical catalyst pellet with both internal and external mass transfer resistancesare obtained afte...Approximate analytical expressions of overall effectiveness factors for parallel catalytic reac-tions occurring in a spherical catalyst pellet with both internal and external mass transfer resistancesare obtained after taking the information given by asymptotic solutions valid for small and largevalues of Thiele moduli.This approximate procedure is feasible for power law as well asLangmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and the agreement between the approximation and the numerical re-sults is good enough for practical purposes.Moreover,the method does not require any iterative ortrial-and-error computation,and can be conveniently applied in most practical calculations for reac-tors giving reliable results.展开更多
AIM To analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection of CRC(LRRCC)in treating older patients with CRC and the effect of this procedure on inflammatory factors.METHODS The study included 104 older patients wit...AIM To analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection of CRC(LRRCC)in treating older patients with CRC and the effect of this procedure on inflammatory factors.METHODS The study included 104 older patients with CRC admitted from August 2022 to August 2024.Participants undergoing open radical resection of CRC were categorized as the control group(50 patients),whereas those receiving LRRCC were classified as the research group(54 patients).Subsequently,comparative analyses involved data on efficacy,postoperative complications(ileus,incision infection,anastomotic fistula,and pulmonary infection),surgery-related parameters(operation duration and intraoperative bleeding volume),postoperative recoveryrelated indicators(time to first postoperative passage of flatus and defecation and length of hospital stay),and inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α,highsensitivity C-reactive protein,and interleukin-6).RESULTS Data revealed markedly superior therapeutic efficacy and a lower overall postoperative complication rate in the research group compared to the control group.The research group demonstrated substantially less intraoperative bleeding,less time to first postoperative passage of flatus and defecation,and a shorter length of hospital stay despite a notably longer operation duration compared to the control group.Further,tumor necrosis factor-α,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,and interleukin-6 levels in the research group were significantly reduced 3 days postoperatively compared to both the preoperative and control group values.CONCLUSION LRRCC for older patients with CRC exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy compared to open radical resection and significantly suppressed postoperative stress-related inflammatory responses,which merits clinical application and promotion.展开更多
Isothermal effectiveness factors for slab,cylinder and sphere shaped catalysts with uniform or nonuni-form intrinsic activity profiles have been investigated.In the case of zero-,first- and second-order kinetics,the e...Isothermal effectiveness factors for slab,cylinder and sphere shaped catalysts with uniform or nonuni-form intrinsic activity profiles have been investigated.In the case of zero-,first- and second-order kinetics,the effectiveness factors of pellets with increasing activity towards the pellet surface are larger than that ofuniform active catalyst,and they are proportional to the square root of the activity at the pellet surfacewith significant diffusion effect.The effectiveness factor-Thiele modulus curves which are valid for bothuniform and nonuniform catalysts have been obtained with the Thiele modulus modified by equivalent thick-hess of effective layer of the catalyst.Thus,the effectiveness factor for nonuniform active catalyst could bepredicted with a maximun deviation of 5% in the case of significant or insignificant diffusion effect but 10%in general.展开更多
Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility ar...Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.展开更多
Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forc...Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forced air cooling,often struggle to transfer heat efficiently.In contrast,thermoelectric coolers(TECs)provide an innovative active cooling solution to meet growing thermal management demands.In this research,a refrigerant based on mono ethylene glycol and distilled water was used instead of using gases,in addition to using thermoelectric cooling units instead of using a compressor in traditional refrigeration systems.This study evaluates the performance of a Peltierbased thermalmanagement systemby analyzing the effects of using two,three,and four Peltiermodules on cooling rates,power consumption,temperature reduction,and system efficiency.Experimental results indicate that increasing the number of Peltier modules significantly enhances cooling performance.The four-module system achieved an optimal balance between cooling speed and energy efficiency,reducing the temperature of a liquidmixture(30% mono ethylene glycol+70% distilled water plus laser dyes)to 8℃ in just 17 min.It demonstrated a cooling rate of 0.794℃/min and a high coefficient of performance(COP)of 1.2 while consuming less energy than the two-and three-module systems.Furthermore,the study revealed that increasing the number of modules led to faster air cooling and improved temperature reduction.These findings highlight the importance of selecting the optimal number of Peltier modules to enhance efficiency and cooling speed whileminimizing energy consumption.This makes TEC technology a sustainable and effective solution for applications requiring rapid and reliable thermal management.展开更多
This study was an attempt to examine the effective factors of the Multiple Sclerosis diseases. The participants of the study were selected from among a total number of 45 men and women who were treated in a health cen...This study was an attempt to examine the effective factors of the Multiple Sclerosis diseases. The participants of the study were selected from among a total number of 45 men and women who were treated in a health center in Azarbayegan and Damavand in Iran. In order to study, the researchers applied various procedures to collect the data of the study. The participants were interviewed and filled out the questionnaires. After categorizing and classifying the collected information and data, it was processed and analyzed and the results are found. To test the research questions, a one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data. The role of hypo vitamin D as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis was reviewed. First, it was emphasized that hypo vitamin could be only one of the risk factors for multiple sclerosis and that numerous other environmental and genetic risk factors appear to interact and combine to trigger the disease. The main aim of this study was to examine the effective factors of Multiple Sclerosis diseases. The methodology of this research was to test the research questions;one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that the factors of gender, cold weather, vitamin D deficiency, and age (between 30 - 59) were effective on the Multiple Sclerosis diseases.展开更多
The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler’s Theory of Elastic Buckling.However,to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling,a cons...The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler’s Theory of Elastic Buckling.However,to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling,a constant was introduced.This dimensionless coefficient is K,also known as the effective-length factor.This constant is often found in building design codes and varies in value depending on the type of column support that is applied.This paper presents experimental and analytical studies on the determination of the effective-length factor in the buckling stability of columns with partially-fixed support conditions.To this end,the accurate K value of the columns tested by the Instron Testing Machine(ITM)at California State University,Northridge’s(CSUN’s)Mechanics Laboratory is determined.The ITM is used in studying the buckling of columns where the supports are neither pinned nor fixed,and the material cross-section rather rests upon the machine while loading is applied axially.Several column specimens were tested and the experimental data were analyzed in order to estimation of the accurate effective-length factor.The calculations from the tested results as well as the conducted probabilistic analysis shed light on how a fragility curve may aid in predicting the effective-length value of future tests.展开更多
[Objective] To study the purification effect of plant community on wetland water environment in Hongze Lake, and to provide references to the ecological restoration of this area. [Methed] The typical lakeside zone of ...[Objective] To study the purification effect of plant community on wetland water environment in Hongze Lake, and to provide references to the ecological restoration of this area. [Methed] The typical lakeside zone of Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve was taken as the study area. Through the field survey based on environmental characteristics of aquatic areas and non-aquatic areas, combined with laboratory test, the content changes of nutrients （N and P）, COD （chemical oxygen demand） and SD （transparency） levels in the water body of lake wetland were measured; the purification effect of the lake wetland ecosystem in the growth process of aquatic vegetation was quantitatively analyzed, and possible influ- encing factors were discussed. [Result] Aquatic vegetation could remove the TN, TP, COD, Chla in wetland water environment and had obvious effects on the changes of SD content. Competition between aquatic plants can inhibit the growth of algae and relieve the eutrophication of water body. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for ecological restoration and enhancement of self-purification capability in the lakeside zone of Hongze Lake.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the factors affecting the herbicidal activity of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl against Sagittaria pygmaea in paddy soil.[Method] The bioassay method was carried out under greenhouse condition...[Objective] The aim was to explore the factors affecting the herbicidal activity of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl against Sagittaria pygmaea in paddy soil.[Method] The bioassay method was carried out under greenhouse conditions.[Result] The reduction of more than 80% in fresh weight was observed in S.pygmaea treated with 45 g/hm2 of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl for 7 d or more.Application of 60 g/hm2 at the sprouting stage of S.pygmaea suppressed completely the growth in fresh weight irrespective of tuber size.However,at 6 g/hm2 growth of the weed sustained less reduction with increasing tuber size.Differences in flooding water depth and temperature had no appreciable influence on the herbicidal activity.Growth inhibition of S.pygmaea by pre-emergence or 1.5-leaf stage applications under non-leaching conditions was significantly higher than that under water leaching conditions.Under non-leaching condition,there was no remarkable difference in this inhibition between preemergence and 1.5-leaf stage applications,while under water leaching conditions the growth reduction with the latter application was significantly larger.Growth inhibition of S.pygmaea planted at a depth of 2 cm was significantly higher than that planted deeper （5 cm） with the pre-emergence applications.[Conclusion] This study had provide basis for the further study on the inhibition effect of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl.展开更多
The engineering of plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses typically involves complex multigene networks and may therefore have a greater potential to introduce unintended effects than the genetic modificat...The engineering of plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses typically involves complex multigene networks and may therefore have a greater potential to introduce unintended effects than the genetic modification for simple monogenic traits. For this reason, it is essential to study the unintended effects in transgenic plants engineered for stress tolerance. We selected drought-and salt-tolerant transgenic wheat overexpressing the transcription factor, GmDREB1, to investigate unintended pleiotropic effects using RNA-seq analysis. We compared the transcriptome alteration of transgenic plants with that of wild-type plants subjected to salt stress as a control. We found that GmDREB1 overexpression had a minimal impact on gene expression under normal conditions.GmDREB1 overexpression resulted in transcriptional reprogramming of the salt response,but many of the genes with differential expression are known to mitigate salt stress and contribute incrementally to the enhanced stress tolerance of transgenic wheat. GmDREB1 overexpression did not activate unintended gene networks with respect to gene expression in the roots of transgenic wheat. This work is important for establishing a method of detecting unintended effects of genetic engineering and the safety of such traits with the development of marketable transgenic crops in the near future.展开更多
Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas.By far,little work has ...Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas.By far,little work has been done on this issue.This study analyzed the co-seismic landslide of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and 2014.The joint effects and spatiotemporal characteristics of the driving factors in seismic regions were revealed.Results show that(a)between 2008 and 2014,the dominant driving-factor for landslides has changed from earthquake to rock mass;(b)driving factors with weak driving force have a significant enhancement under the joint effects of other factors;(c)the joint effects of driving factors and earthquake decays with time.The study concluded that the strong vibration of the Wenchuan earthquake and the rock mass strength are the biggest contributors to the spatial distribution of landslides in 2008 and 2014,respectively.It means that the driving force of the earthquake is weaker than that of the rock mass after six years of the Wenchuan earthquake.Moreover,the landslide spatial distribution can be attributed to the joint effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and driving factors,and the earthquake has an enhanced effect on other factors.展开更多
A model involving the relationship between non conservative matter (COD) and main range factors(loading, water stage) and strength factor (temperature) in a shallow lake has been established on the basis of less chan...A model involving the relationship between non conservative matter (COD) and main range factors(loading, water stage) and strength factor (temperature) in a shallow lake has been established on the basis of less change of water stage area curve in certain extent, broader distribution in pollution sources and more homogeneous in quantity of heat. The effects of COD inflow and /or outflow, and hydro meterological factors upon COD content in Lake Taihu were calculated and simulated under the actual situation of the loadings and regimen. The results simulated by using the model are in better agreement with the observed field data. The error of the model was also discussed.展开更多
Four ships,a twin-propeller naval ship,two single-propeller container ships,and a single-propeller very large crude carrier(VLCC),were studied to investigate the scale effect of the form factor.The viscous flow fields...Four ships,a twin-propeller naval ship,two single-propeller container ships,and a single-propeller very large crude carrier(VLCC),were studied to investigate the scale effect of the form factor.The viscous flow fields of the ships at different scales were solved numerically via the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method combined with the shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model.The numerical method was validated through comparisons with experimental data,and numerical uncertainty analysis was carried out based on the ITTC recommended procedure.On this basis,scale effects of the form factor were analyzed using different friction lines,and scale effects of flow fields and the mean axial wake fractions were further analyzed in details.The results showed that the form factor exhibited scale effects when adopting the ITTC-1957 line,and it increased with the increase in the Reynolds number.The scale effect of the form factor reduces the prediction precision of the full-scale ship resistance.The friction line has a significant effect on the form factor.The form factor exhibits little dependence on the Reynolds number when using the numerical friction line or the Katsui line,which is useful for full-scale ship resistance predictions.With the increasing Reynolds number,the boundary layer thickness becomes thinner and the axial velocity contour contracts toward the center plane,and there is nearly a linear relationship between the reciprocal of mean axial wake fraction on propeller disc and Reynolds number in logarithmic scale for the three types of ship forms.展开更多
基金Shandong Provincial Education and Teaching Research Topic“Research on Student Value-Added Evaluation for Promoting Deep Learning”(2023JXY500)。
文摘As the enlightenment stage of students’Chinese learning,primary school Chinese education plays a key role in cultivating students’language ability,thinking development,and humanistic literacy.Value-added evaluation,as an evaluation method that focuses on the changes in students’individual development and attaches importance to the learning process,has gradually attracted attention in the application of primary school Chinese education.This paper first analyzes the problems existing in the current implementation of value-added evaluation in primary school Chinese,and then explores the countermeasures to improve the effectiveness of value-added evaluation in primary school Chinese from the aspects of evaluation concept,evaluation content,evaluation method,evaluation subject,and application of evaluation results.The purpose is to provide strong support for the improvement of primary school Chinese teaching quality and the all-round development of students.
基金supported in part by the JSPS Kakenhi under Grant No.21K03539。
文摘We revisit the issue of whether the effective potential for the conformal factor of the metric,which is generated by quantized matter fields,possesses a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value(VEV)or not.We prove that the effective potential has a vanishing vacuum expectation value on the basis of a global GL(4)symmetry.We also account for why there seems to be two different effective potentials for the conformal factor in a theory,one of which gives rise to a vanishing VEV for the conformal factor,whereas the other has a non-vanishing VEV.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis(AP)is a frequently encountered surgical emergency,and appendectomy is conventionally regarded as the predominant treatment moda-lity.Nevertheless,the therapeutic efficacy of this surgical approach remains to be improved.Thus,the exploration and implementation of surgical refinements are necessary.AIM To elucidate the therapeutic effectiveness and influencing factors of laparoscopic appendectomy(LA)with mesoappendix dissection in the treatment of AP.METHODS First,150 patients with AP who visited Shangrao Municipal Hospital between January 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled in this study.Among them,72 patients were assigned to the control group to receive conventional LA,whereas 78 cases were included in the observation group for LA with mesoappendix dissection.Subsequently,indicators such as therapeutic effectiveness,surgical indices(ope-ration time,intraoperative blood loss,and hospital stay),postoperative recovery indices(time to ambulation,gastrointestinal function recovery time,and time to food intake),incidence of adverse events(postoperative bleeding,pelvic infection,puncture site infection,and ileus),and serum inflammatory factors[tumor necro-sis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,and C-reactive protein(CRP)]were collected and comparatively analyzed,and the influencing factors of therapeutic effecti-veness in patients with AP were analyzed.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group had higher clinical the-rapeutic effectiveness,less operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and hospital stay;shorter time to ambulation,gastrointestinal function recovery,and food intake;and a lower total incidence of adverse events,and this difference is statistically significant.In addition,the expression levels of various serum inflammatory factors in the observation group were significantly reduced postoperatively,which were markedly lower than those in the control group.Moreover,sex,age,body mass index,time from acute onset to admission,family medical history,preoperative TNF-α,preoperative IL-6,preoperative CRP,and treatment modality were identified to be not independent factors affecting the therapeutic effectiveness of LA with mesoappendix dissection in patients with AP.CONCLUSION Overall,LA with mesoappendix dissection has a remarkable curative effect in treating patients with AP,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
文摘The fractal theory was introduced into the gas solid catalytic reaction system to describe the influence of the surface irregularity of catalyst on the gas solid catalytic reaction.A fractal reaction diffusion model is proposed for irregular particles.Based on the shape characterization of the irregular particle,the mth order irreversible reactions are theoretically analyzed.A steady state equation of material balance and its solution as the concentration profile of reacting species are given for the reaction diffusion model for irregular particles.Meanwhile,the effectiveness factors are also expressed with fractal dimension.The results indicate that the higher the fractal dimensions,the higher the total reaction rate,and with the increase of the fractal dimension,the utilization factor of the catalyst is deeply increased.
基金funded by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2021B0301030007)the Supplemental Funds for Major Scientific Research Projects of Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai(ZHPT2023013)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301387)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(No.2024B1212070012)。
文摘The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS factor always varies with the changing DEM resolution,i.e.,the LS factor scale effect.Previous studies have found the phenomenon of the LS factor scale effect,but the underlying causes of this phenomenon has not been well explored.Therefore,how the DEM resolution affects the LS factor and how the scale effect of the L and S factors influence the LS factor scale effect remains unclear.To address these problems,we collected 20 watersheds from the Guangdong Province with different topographic reliefs,and compared the corresponding L,S and LS factors at 10-m and 30-m resolution DEMs.Our results indicate that the S factor,heavily influenced by slope underestimation in coarse-resolution DEMs,makes a difference in the LS factor scale effect.In addition,the LS factor scale effect becomes less significant with increasing reliefs,suggesting the possibility of using 30-m DEM for LS calculation in rugged terrains.Our findings on the underlying mechanisms of the LS factor scale effect help to identify the uncertainty in the LS factor estimation,thereby enhancing the accuracy of soil erosion assessment,particularly in regions with different topographic characteristics and contribute to more effective soil conservation strategies and decision-making.
基金Supported by the Project of Jining Meteorological Bureau(2024JNZL08).
文摘Based on the observation data of meteorological observation stations in Jining City during 1970-2024,MK mutation test and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to study the evolution characteristics of urban heat island intensity(UHII)and the contribution rate of various influencing factors in Jining City over the past 55 years.The results show that from 1970 to 2024,the UHII in Jining City generally rose at a rate of 0.1℃/10 a.On the interannual scale,the correlation between temperature and UHII was most significantly positive.On the seasonal scale,there was a strong negative correlation between wind speed and UHII.PCA reveals that temperature had a significant positive impact on the increase of UHII in Jining City.
文摘Approximate analytical expressions of overall effectiveness factors for parallel catalytic reac-tions occurring in a spherical catalyst pellet with both internal and external mass transfer resistancesare obtained after taking the information given by asymptotic solutions valid for small and largevalues of Thiele moduli.This approximate procedure is feasible for power law as well asLangmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and the agreement between the approximation and the numerical re-sults is good enough for practical purposes.Moreover,the method does not require any iterative ortrial-and-error computation,and can be conveniently applied in most practical calculations for reac-tors giving reliable results.
基金Supported by the Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Health Commission,No.Z2021010.
文摘AIM To analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection of CRC(LRRCC)in treating older patients with CRC and the effect of this procedure on inflammatory factors.METHODS The study included 104 older patients with CRC admitted from August 2022 to August 2024.Participants undergoing open radical resection of CRC were categorized as the control group(50 patients),whereas those receiving LRRCC were classified as the research group(54 patients).Subsequently,comparative analyses involved data on efficacy,postoperative complications(ileus,incision infection,anastomotic fistula,and pulmonary infection),surgery-related parameters(operation duration and intraoperative bleeding volume),postoperative recoveryrelated indicators(time to first postoperative passage of flatus and defecation and length of hospital stay),and inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α,highsensitivity C-reactive protein,and interleukin-6).RESULTS Data revealed markedly superior therapeutic efficacy and a lower overall postoperative complication rate in the research group compared to the control group.The research group demonstrated substantially less intraoperative bleeding,less time to first postoperative passage of flatus and defecation,and a shorter length of hospital stay despite a notably longer operation duration compared to the control group.Further,tumor necrosis factor-α,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,and interleukin-6 levels in the research group were significantly reduced 3 days postoperatively compared to both the preoperative and control group values.CONCLUSION LRRCC for older patients with CRC exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy compared to open radical resection and significantly suppressed postoperative stress-related inflammatory responses,which merits clinical application and promotion.
文摘Isothermal effectiveness factors for slab,cylinder and sphere shaped catalysts with uniform or nonuni-form intrinsic activity profiles have been investigated.In the case of zero-,first- and second-order kinetics,the effectiveness factors of pellets with increasing activity towards the pellet surface are larger than that ofuniform active catalyst,and they are proportional to the square root of the activity at the pellet surfacewith significant diffusion effect.The effectiveness factor-Thiele modulus curves which are valid for bothuniform and nonuniform catalysts have been obtained with the Thiele modulus modified by equivalent thick-hess of effective layer of the catalyst.Thus,the effectiveness factor for nonuniform active catalyst could bepredicted with a maximun deviation of 5% in the case of significant or insignificant diffusion effect but 10%in general.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206601。
文摘Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.
文摘Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forced air cooling,often struggle to transfer heat efficiently.In contrast,thermoelectric coolers(TECs)provide an innovative active cooling solution to meet growing thermal management demands.In this research,a refrigerant based on mono ethylene glycol and distilled water was used instead of using gases,in addition to using thermoelectric cooling units instead of using a compressor in traditional refrigeration systems.This study evaluates the performance of a Peltierbased thermalmanagement systemby analyzing the effects of using two,three,and four Peltiermodules on cooling rates,power consumption,temperature reduction,and system efficiency.Experimental results indicate that increasing the number of Peltier modules significantly enhances cooling performance.The four-module system achieved an optimal balance between cooling speed and energy efficiency,reducing the temperature of a liquidmixture(30% mono ethylene glycol+70% distilled water plus laser dyes)to 8℃ in just 17 min.It demonstrated a cooling rate of 0.794℃/min and a high coefficient of performance(COP)of 1.2 while consuming less energy than the two-and three-module systems.Furthermore,the study revealed that increasing the number of modules led to faster air cooling and improved temperature reduction.These findings highlight the importance of selecting the optimal number of Peltier modules to enhance efficiency and cooling speed whileminimizing energy consumption.This makes TEC technology a sustainable and effective solution for applications requiring rapid and reliable thermal management.
文摘This study was an attempt to examine the effective factors of the Multiple Sclerosis diseases. The participants of the study were selected from among a total number of 45 men and women who were treated in a health center in Azarbayegan and Damavand in Iran. In order to study, the researchers applied various procedures to collect the data of the study. The participants were interviewed and filled out the questionnaires. After categorizing and classifying the collected information and data, it was processed and analyzed and the results are found. To test the research questions, a one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data. The role of hypo vitamin D as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis was reviewed. First, it was emphasized that hypo vitamin could be only one of the risk factors for multiple sclerosis and that numerous other environmental and genetic risk factors appear to interact and combine to trigger the disease. The main aim of this study was to examine the effective factors of Multiple Sclerosis diseases. The methodology of this research was to test the research questions;one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that the factors of gender, cold weather, vitamin D deficiency, and age (between 30 - 59) were effective on the Multiple Sclerosis diseases.
基金The authors would like to express their great appreciation for funding made possible in support of this research endeavor through the CSU-LSAMP(California State University Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation)program via the NSF(National Science Foundation)grant#HRD-1302873the Chancellor’s Office of the California State University。
文摘The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler’s Theory of Elastic Buckling.However,to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling,a constant was introduced.This dimensionless coefficient is K,also known as the effective-length factor.This constant is often found in building design codes and varies in value depending on the type of column support that is applied.This paper presents experimental and analytical studies on the determination of the effective-length factor in the buckling stability of columns with partially-fixed support conditions.To this end,the accurate K value of the columns tested by the Instron Testing Machine(ITM)at California State University,Northridge’s(CSUN’s)Mechanics Laboratory is determined.The ITM is used in studying the buckling of columns where the supports are neither pinned nor fixed,and the material cross-section rather rests upon the machine while loading is applied axially.Several column specimens were tested and the experimental data were analyzed in order to estimation of the accurate effective-length factor.The calculations from the tested results as well as the conducted probabilistic analysis shed light on how a fragility curve may aid in predicting the effective-length value of future tests.
基金Supported by the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department(BK2010023)江苏省科技厅社会发展项目(BK2010023)资助
文摘[Objective] To study the purification effect of plant community on wetland water environment in Hongze Lake, and to provide references to the ecological restoration of this area. [Methed] The typical lakeside zone of Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve was taken as the study area. Through the field survey based on environmental characteristics of aquatic areas and non-aquatic areas, combined with laboratory test, the content changes of nutrients （N and P）, COD （chemical oxygen demand） and SD （transparency） levels in the water body of lake wetland were measured; the purification effect of the lake wetland ecosystem in the growth process of aquatic vegetation was quantitatively analyzed, and possible influ- encing factors were discussed. [Result] Aquatic vegetation could remove the TN, TP, COD, Chla in wetland water environment and had obvious effects on the changes of SD content. Competition between aquatic plants can inhibit the growth of algae and relieve the eutrophication of water body. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for ecological restoration and enhancement of self-purification capability in the lakeside zone of Hongze Lake.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Platform Construction Project of Institution of Higher Education in Hunan Province(XCJZ2009-070)the Earmarked Fund for Mordern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-19-E12)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the factors affecting the herbicidal activity of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl against Sagittaria pygmaea in paddy soil.[Method] The bioassay method was carried out under greenhouse conditions.[Result] The reduction of more than 80% in fresh weight was observed in S.pygmaea treated with 45 g/hm2 of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl for 7 d or more.Application of 60 g/hm2 at the sprouting stage of S.pygmaea suppressed completely the growth in fresh weight irrespective of tuber size.However,at 6 g/hm2 growth of the weed sustained less reduction with increasing tuber size.Differences in flooding water depth and temperature had no appreciable influence on the herbicidal activity.Growth inhibition of S.pygmaea by pre-emergence or 1.5-leaf stage applications under non-leaching conditions was significantly higher than that under water leaching conditions.Under non-leaching condition,there was no remarkable difference in this inhibition between preemergence and 1.5-leaf stage applications,while under water leaching conditions the growth reduction with the latter application was significantly larger.Growth inhibition of S.pygmaea planted at a depth of 2 cm was significantly higher than that planted deeper （5 cm） with the pre-emergence applications.[Conclusion] This study had provide basis for the further study on the inhibition effect of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl.
基金supported by the National Transgenic Key Project of the Ministry of Agriculture of China(2016ZX08011-003)the Agricultural Science and Technology Program for Innovation Team on Identification and excavation of Elite Crop Germplasm,CAAS
文摘The engineering of plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses typically involves complex multigene networks and may therefore have a greater potential to introduce unintended effects than the genetic modification for simple monogenic traits. For this reason, it is essential to study the unintended effects in transgenic plants engineered for stress tolerance. We selected drought-and salt-tolerant transgenic wheat overexpressing the transcription factor, GmDREB1, to investigate unintended pleiotropic effects using RNA-seq analysis. We compared the transcriptome alteration of transgenic plants with that of wild-type plants subjected to salt stress as a control. We found that GmDREB1 overexpression had a minimal impact on gene expression under normal conditions.GmDREB1 overexpression resulted in transcriptional reprogramming of the salt response,but many of the genes with differential expression are known to mitigate salt stress and contribute incrementally to the enhanced stress tolerance of transgenic wheat. GmDREB1 overexpression did not activate unintended gene networks with respect to gene expression in the roots of transgenic wheat. This work is important for establishing a method of detecting unintended effects of genetic engineering and the safety of such traits with the development of marketable transgenic crops in the near future.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071375)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1504703-3)。
文摘Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas.By far,little work has been done on this issue.This study analyzed the co-seismic landslide of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and 2014.The joint effects and spatiotemporal characteristics of the driving factors in seismic regions were revealed.Results show that(a)between 2008 and 2014,the dominant driving-factor for landslides has changed from earthquake to rock mass;(b)driving factors with weak driving force have a significant enhancement under the joint effects of other factors;(c)the joint effects of driving factors and earthquake decays with time.The study concluded that the strong vibration of the Wenchuan earthquake and the rock mass strength are the biggest contributors to the spatial distribution of landslides in 2008 and 2014,respectively.It means that the driving force of the earthquake is weaker than that of the rock mass after six years of the Wenchuan earthquake.Moreover,the landslide spatial distribution can be attributed to the joint effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and driving factors,and the earthquake has an enhanced effect on other factors.
文摘A model involving the relationship between non conservative matter (COD) and main range factors(loading, water stage) and strength factor (temperature) in a shallow lake has been established on the basis of less change of water stage area curve in certain extent, broader distribution in pollution sources and more homogeneous in quantity of heat. The effects of COD inflow and /or outflow, and hydro meterological factors upon COD content in Lake Taihu were calculated and simulated under the actual situation of the loadings and regimen. The results simulated by using the model are in better agreement with the observed field data. The error of the model was also discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51809273)。
文摘Four ships,a twin-propeller naval ship,two single-propeller container ships,and a single-propeller very large crude carrier(VLCC),were studied to investigate the scale effect of the form factor.The viscous flow fields of the ships at different scales were solved numerically via the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method combined with the shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model.The numerical method was validated through comparisons with experimental data,and numerical uncertainty analysis was carried out based on the ITTC recommended procedure.On this basis,scale effects of the form factor were analyzed using different friction lines,and scale effects of flow fields and the mean axial wake fractions were further analyzed in details.The results showed that the form factor exhibited scale effects when adopting the ITTC-1957 line,and it increased with the increase in the Reynolds number.The scale effect of the form factor reduces the prediction precision of the full-scale ship resistance.The friction line has a significant effect on the form factor.The form factor exhibits little dependence on the Reynolds number when using the numerical friction line or the Katsui line,which is useful for full-scale ship resistance predictions.With the increasing Reynolds number,the boundary layer thickness becomes thinner and the axial velocity contour contracts toward the center plane,and there is nearly a linear relationship between the reciprocal of mean axial wake fraction on propeller disc and Reynolds number in logarithmic scale for the three types of ship forms.
