Background Perioperative disorder of magnesium, an important cation in the human body, may affect clinical anesthesia. The pharmacological data of propofol use, which is popularly used in the anesthesiology department...Background Perioperative disorder of magnesium, an important cation in the human body, may affect clinical anesthesia. The pharmacological data of propofol use, which is popularly used in the anesthesiology department and intensive care unit, is incomplete in Chinese patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of magnesium sulfate on the calculated plasma medial effective concentration （Cp5Ocal） of propofol at loss of response to command in Chinese females.展开更多
A detailed study on a small scale of the effect of phosphatization on the chemistry of marine cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts supplies useful information for the evaluation and comprehensive utilization of crust min...A detailed study on a small scale of the effect of phosphatization on the chemistry of marine cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts supplies useful information for the evaluation and comprehensive utilization of crust mineral resources. Sub-samples from top to bottom of a 10-cm thick sample from the NW Pacific Magellan seamount were taken at 5 mm intervals. The concentration profiles of ore-forming and rare earth elements show that obvious differences exist between young unphosphatized crusts and old phosphatized crusts. In the old crusts Fe, Mn, Si, Al, Zn, Mg, Co, Ni and Cu elements are depleted and Ca, P, Sr, Ba and Pb elements are enriched. The order of depletion is Co > Ni > Mg > Al > Mn > Si> Cu > Zn > Fe, while the order of enrichment is P > Ca > Ba > Pb > Sr. The phosphate mineral controls the concentration variation of the ore-forming elements in crusts and causes loss of the main ore-forming elements such as Co and Ni. The phosphatization also affects the abundance of REEs in the crusts. REEs are more abundant and the content of Ce in old crusts is higher than that in young crusts, however, the pattern of REEs and their fractionation characteristics in new and old crusts are not fundamentally changed. A Y-positive anomaly in old crusts has no relationship to the phosphatization.展开更多
Eu3+ doped SiO2 nano-crystalline glasses were prepared by sol-gel method. The broad peak of XRD pattern indicates an amorphous SiO2 matrix. The affection of anneal time and anneal temperatures on photoluminescence (PL...Eu3+ doped SiO2 nano-crystalline glasses were prepared by sol-gel method. The broad peak of XRD pattern indicates an amorphous SiO2 matrix. The affection of anneal time and anneal temperatures on photoluminescence (PL) properties of SiO2 glass under different Eu doping concentration were studied systematically. It is found that the optimized anneal time is about 3 h. The excitation spectra of 2% Eu3+ doped SiO2 glass powder were measured under various anneal temperatures, and the optimized anneal temperature is observed around 700℃. The fluorescence-quenching effect can be observed in the emission spectra when the annealing temperature exceeds 700℃. The emission spectra of different molar ratio dopants were measured at an annealed temperature of 500℃, and the concentration-quenching phenomenon has also been observed in SiO2 glass powder when the molar ratio of Eu3+ ion exceeds 3% . The result shows that the PL intensity approaches its maximum when the molar ratio of Eu3+ ions in the sample is about 3% . In addition, a comparatively stronger emission spectrum at wavelength of 703 nm which is corresponding to the energy transition 5D0→7F4 of Eu ions is also obtained.展开更多
In recent years,engineered nanoparticles,as a new group of contaminants emerging in natural water,have been given more attention AlCl3 In order to understand the behavior of nanoparticles in the conventional water tre...In recent years,engineered nanoparticles,as a new group of contaminants emerging in natural water,have been given more attention AlCl3 In order to understand the behavior of nanoparticles in the conventional water treatment process,three kinds of nanoparticle suspensions,namely multi-walled carbon nanotube-humic acid（MWCNT-HA）,multiwalled carbon nanotube-N,N-dimethylformamide（MWCNT-DMF） and nano TiO2-humic acid（TiO2-HA） were employed to investigate their coagulation removal efficiencies with varying aluminum chloride（AlCl3） concentrations AlCl3 Results showed that nanoparticle removal rate curves had a reverse ＂U＂ shape with increasing concentration of aluminum ion（Al^（3＋） ）AlCl3 More than 90% of nanoparticles could be effectively removed by an appropriate Al^（3＋） concentration AlCl3 At higher Al^（3＋） concentration,nanoparticles would be restabilized AlCl3 The hydrodynamic particle size of nanoparticles was found to be the crucial factor influencing the effective concentration range（ECR） of Al^（3＋） for nanoparticle removal AlCl3 The ECR of Al^（3＋） followed the order MWCNT-DMF 〉 MWCNT-HA 〉 TiO2-HA,which is the reverse of the nanoparticle size trend AlCl3 At a given concentration,smaller nanoparticles carry more surface charges,and thus consume more coagulants for neutralization AlCl3 Therefore,over-saturation occurred at relatively higher Al^（3＋） concentration and a wider ECR was obtained AlCl3 The ECR became broader with increasing p H because of the smaller hydrodynamic particle size of nanoparticles at higher p H values AlCl3 A high ionic strength of Na Cl can also widen the ECR due to its strong potential to compress the electric double layer AlCl3 It was concluded that it is important to adjust the dose of Al^（3＋） in the ECR for nanoparticle removal in water treatment.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of DEHP and MEHP on steroidogenesis in a murine Leydig tumor cell line （MLTC-1） in vitro. The result of flow cytometry analysis revealed that t...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of DEHP and MEHP on steroidogenesis in a murine Leydig tumor cell line （MLTC-1） in vitro. The result of flow cytometry analysis revealed that the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after the exposure to DEHP. All three genes （P450scc, P450c17, and 38HSD） under study showed an increased expression following exposure to DEHP or MEHP, although some insignificant inhibitory effects appeared in the 10μmol/L treatment group as compared with the controls. It was also found that DEHP or MEHP stimulated INSL3 mRNA and protein especially in the 0.001 μmol/L treatment group. Testosterone secretions were stimulated after the exposure to DEHP or MEHP. Alterations of steroidogenic enzymes and INSL3 in MLTC-1 cells might be involved in the biphasic effects of DEHP/MEHP on androgen production.展开更多
Adsorption/desorption in a new Zn（Ⅱ）-TiO2 adsorption system was investigated at different particle concentrations （Cp）. TEM, SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the TiO2 particles were an aggregation of nano-sized...Adsorption/desorption in a new Zn（Ⅱ）-TiO2 adsorption system was investigated at different particle concentrations （Cp）. TEM, SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the TiO2 particles were an aggregation of nano-sized （approximately 10 nm） pure anatase-type TiO2. Adsorption experiments were carried out with particle concentrations of 100, 400 and 1000 mg/L, and their adsorption isotherms were found to decline successively, showing an obvious Cp effect. Desorption experiments indicated that adsorption in this system was irreversible, and the irreversibility increased with increasing Cp. These phenomena could be explained by the MEA （metastable equilibrium adsorption） theory and the Cp effect could be modeled well with an MEA-Freundlich-type Cp effect isotherm equation. This study may heln understand environmental behavior of contaminants on ultrafine natural particles.展开更多
Transparent conductive cadmium indium oxide films (CdIn2O4) were prepared by r.f. reactive sputtering from Cd-In alloy targets under an Ar-O2 atmosphere. Electrical conductivity of the order of 105Ω-1.m-1 and the opt...Transparent conductive cadmium indium oxide films (CdIn2O4) were prepared by r.f. reactive sputtering from Cd-In alloy targets under an Ar-O2 atmosphere. Electrical conductivity of the order of 105Ω-1.m-1 and the optical transmission as high as 94% are easily attained by postdeposition annealing treatment. The effects of oxygen concentration in the reactive gas mixture and post-deposition annealing treatment on the optical transmittance as well as optical parameters, such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), real part (ε') and imaginary part (ε') of the dielectric constant, were studied in the visible and near-infrared region. The highfrequency dielectric constant ε∞ the plasma frequency ωP, and the conduction band effective mass mc of different samples were also investigated展开更多
This paper presents the analysis of two-layer cilia induced flow of Phan-Thien-Tanner(PTT) fluid with thermal and concentration effect.The Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid model has been used in the analogy of mucus present in...This paper presents the analysis of two-layer cilia induced flow of Phan-Thien-Tanner(PTT) fluid with thermal and concentration effect.The Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid model has been used in the analogy of mucus present in the respiratory tract.The two-layer model approach was used due to the Peri Ciliary liquid Layer(PCL) and Airway Ciliary Layer(ACL) present on the epithelium cell in respiratory tract.The mathematical modelling of two-layer flow problem was simplified using long wavelength and small Reynold ’ s number approximation.The resulting differential equation with moving boundary gives exact solution for velocity,temperature and concentration profiles in two layers.The change in pressure has calculated by the results of velocity profile,also the pressure rise was evaluated by the numerical integration of pressure gradient along the channel wall.The impact of physical parameters on pressure rise,velocity,temperature and concentration profile was explained by the graphs.It can be seen from graphs that velocity and temperature profile are maximum in the inner layer of fluid(PCL) and concentration profile is maximum at outer layers of fluid(ACL).展开更多
Effects of abrasive concentration on material removal rate CMRR） and surtace quality m the chemical mecnamcal polishing （CMP） of light-emitting diode sapphire substrates are investigated. Experimental results show ...Effects of abrasive concentration on material removal rate CMRR） and surtace quality m the chemical mecnamcal polishing （CMP） of light-emitting diode sapphire substrates are investigated. Experimental results show that the MRR increases linearly with the abrasive concentration, while the rms roughness decreases with the increasing abrasive concentration. In addition, the in situ coefficient of friction （COF） is also conducted during the sapphire polishing process. The results present that COF increases sharply with the abrasive concentration up to 20 wt% and then shows a slight decrease from 20wt% to 40wt%. Temperature is a product of the friction force that is proportional to COF, which is an indicator for the mechanism of the sapphire CMP.展开更多
Superoxide dismutase（SOD） is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainl...Superoxide dismutase（SOD） is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainly two specific forms, Cu/Zn-SOD（SOD1） and Mn-SOD（SOD2）, in eukaryotes. SODs are known to be concurrently modulated by a variety of environmental stressors. By using central composite experimental design and response surface method, the joint effects of water temperature（18–34°C） and copper ion concentration（0.1–1.5 mg/L） on the total SOD activity in the digestive gland of Crassostrea ariakensis were studied. The results showed that the linear effect of temperature was highly significant（P〈0.01）, the quadratic effect of temperature was significant（P〈0.05）; the linear effect of copper ion concentration was not significant（P〉0.05）, while the quadratic effect of copper ion concentration was highly significant（P〈0.01）; the interactive effect of temperature and copper ion concentration was not significant（P〉0.05）; the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. The model equation of digestive gland SOD enzyme activity towards the two factors of interest was established, with R2 and predictive R2 as high as 0.961 6 and 0.820 7, respectively, suggesting that the goodness-offit to experimental data be very satisfactory, and could be applied to prediction of digestive gland SOD activity in C. ariakensis under the conditions of the experiment. Our results would be conducive to addressing the health of aquatic animals and/or to detecting environmental problems by taking SOD as a potential bioindicator.展开更多
Under bilateral cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, a series of research cruises were conducted over the western Pacific Ocean. It was found that a) the non-sea-sal...Under bilateral cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, a series of research cruises were conducted over the western Pacific Ocean. It was found that a) the non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles are the major source of cloud condensation nuclei, b) the population of clouds and the total albedo are proportional to the concentration of condensation nuclei and consequently to the concentration of the non-sea-salt aerosol particles, and c) the amount of rainfall is inversely proportional to the concentration of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles. It seems that anthropogenic sulfate aerosol particles affect the regional planetary albedo and climate and that the contribution from biogenically derived sulfate aerosol particles is of lesser importance.展开更多
In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub&...In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.展开更多
Pyrophyllite (H2Al2,Si4 O22, ) dust (P-dust) is a mixture of silica (10-40% ), differentproportions of a luminium oxide (Al2O3 ), and various metal compounds. People with occupa-tions known to be associated with expos...Pyrophyllite (H2Al2,Si4 O22, ) dust (P-dust) is a mixture of silica (10-40% ), differentproportions of a luminium oxide (Al2O3 ), and various metal compounds. People with occupa-tions known to be associated with exposure to P-dust include miners, other industrial workersand persons engaged in artistic carving. Currently, little is known about pyrophyllite pneumo-coniosis from P-dust. This study was designed to investigate the hazardous effects of P-dustand to suggest a maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of the dust.This.study included four parts: (i) Occupational epidemiology surveys in 781 workersfrom 1 pyrophyllite mine (PM) and four pyrophyllite carving mills (PCM), with a registra-tion rate of 98 %. (ii) In vitro studies: Six groups of rats were expeed to different levels ofP-dust; the cytotoxicity of P-dust on rat alveolar macrophages (AM) was investigated by de-termining the potassium'content of AM and the activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)in AM culture fluid. (iii) Mineralogical analysis of P-dust: The contents of silica (SiO2 ), alu-minium (Al), ferrum (Fe), niikel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in hath PM-dust andPCMdust were determined. (iv ) Determination of P-dust MAC: Using the life-talbemethod, an investigation of the hygiene standard of P-dust was carried out in 625 workers ex-POSed to either PM-dust or PCM-dust, uPon whom routine radiographs were Performed.The results suggest that the risk of developing pneumoconiosis from pyrophyllite dust issignificantly higher for PM workers than for PCM workers. The prevalence rate of PCM-dustpneumoconiosis is significantly higher in men than in women. The content of SiO2 and AlO3in the mixture of P-dust is the most important factor in the etiology of pyrophyllitosis. De-pending on the different P-dust MAC values, we suggest that 2 rng/m3 and 4 mg/m' shouldbe considered as the MAC for PM-dust and PCM-dust, respectively, and 3 mg/m' fOr P-dust. We believe that establishing different hygiene standards is more accurate even thoughworkers are exposured to the 'same' dust展开更多
Relative tillering rate(RTR)increased linear-ly with the increasing of leaf N concentration(NLV)has been already reported.To testwhether this relationship could be used toquantitatively explain the difference in tille...Relative tillering rate(RTR)increased linear-ly with the increasing of leaf N concentration(NLV)has been already reported.To testwhether this relationship could be used toquantitatively explain the difference in tilleringamong a wide range of N application,field ex- periments were conducted at the IRRI farm,Los Banos,Laguna,the Philippines.Two in- dica cultivars,IR 72 and IR68284H wereused.For each cultivar,12 treatments includ- ing 4 N levels(0,60,120,and 180kgN·ha)and 3 transplanting spacing(30×20,20×20,and 10×20cm)were arranged in a ran-domized split-plot design with 4 replications.The N treatments were designated as mainplots and spacings as subplots.Fourteen-day-old seedlings were transplanted with 3seedlings per hill.The subplot area was 20m~2.Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as basal,atmidtillering,and at panicle initiation in threeequal splits.P,K,and Zn were applied asbasal at normal dosage.The field was flooded.Plant samples were taken every 7-14 d from 14d after transplanting to flower展开更多
We studied the effect of agar concentration inmedia on callus induction rate and green plant-let regeneration frequency in rice.Materialswere Fgeneration of indica/indica or indica/japonica,which were 96E76(Hei’e/Zha...We studied the effect of agar concentration inmedia on callus induction rate and green plant-let regeneration frequency in rice.Materialswere Fgeneration of indica/indica or indica/japonica,which were 96E76(Hei’e/Zhaiye- qing 8),96E80[(IR 24/Guanglu＇ai 4//Zhongnan’ai)/Yifengzao],96E86(Zhong- munong 9/Zhaiyeqing 8).The induction mediaused was M8+2mg/L 2,4-D,and agar con-centrations were 0.6％,0.8％,and 1.0％,respectively.Regeneration media was MS+2mg/L KT+0.5mg/L IAA+0.5mg/LNAA,and agar concentrations were 0.6％ and1.0％.Results indicated that the calli induc-展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous thyroid hormone on serum NO and iNOS activity of intestinal mucosa in septic rats. Methods Septic model was established by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) in male SD rats...Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous thyroid hormone on serum NO and iNOS activity of intestinal mucosa in septic rats. Methods Septic model was established by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) in male SD rats. Triiodothyronine ( T3 ) was administered intraperitoneally to correct the low T3 syndrome of septic rats. Blood was collected to examine serum NO and thyroid hormone concentration. Intestinal mucosa iNOS activity was assayed using immunochemical stain. Results Mortality rate in the prevention group was significantly lower than the septic group (Log rank = 3. 85, P 【 0.05). Serum NO concentration was significantly lower in the prevention group (F=19.6,F【0.01). The degree of inflammatory injury of intestinal mucosa was much milder in the prevention group than in the septic group (x2 = 5.303,P【0. 05). Mucosa iNOS activity was also significantly lower in the prevention group (x2 = 4. 876, P【0. 01). Conclusion Thyroid hormone protects the intestinal mucosa barrier inhibiting the expression of展开更多
In the realm of lithium superionic conductors,pursuing higher ionic conductivity is imperative,with the variance in lithium-ion concentration playing a determining role.Due to the permanent and temporary site-blocking...In the realm of lithium superionic conductors,pursuing higher ionic conductivity is imperative,with the variance in lithium-ion concentration playing a determining role.Due to the permanent and temporary site-blocking effects,especially at non-dilute concentrations,not all Li-ions contribute to ionic conductivity.Here,we propose a strategy to directly calculate effective mobile ion concentration in which multiple-ion correlated migration is considered in the percolation analysis with the input of Li-ion distributions and hopping behavior based on kinetic Monte Carlo simulation,termed P-KMC.We provide examples of two representative lithium superionic conductors,cubic garnet-type LixA3B2O12(0≤x≤9;A and B represent different cations)and perovskite-type LixLa2/3−x/3TiO3(0≤x≤0.5),to demonstrate the direct dependence of the ionic conductivity on the effective mobile ion concentration.This methodology provides a robust tool to identify the optimal compositions for the highest ionic conductivity in superionic conductors.展开更多
Bryophytes play important ecological roles in terrestrial ecosystems,but their growth is often influenced by environmental factors and chemical interactions with surrounding vegetation.Fallen leaves are an important s...Bryophytes play important ecological roles in terrestrial ecosystems,but their growth is often influenced by environmental factors and chemical interactions with surrounding vegetation.Fallen leaves are an important source of allelopathic substances,yet little is known about their impact onmosses.This study investigates the allelopathic effects of fallen leaves from Cinnamomum camphora,Pinus massoniana,and Bambusa emeiensis on the bryophyte Thuidium kanedae in Guiyang.The litter aqueous extract(0.0125 g/mL(T1),0.025 g/mL(T2),0.05 g/mL(T3),0.1 g/mL(T4)and distilled water control(CK))was used to regularly water and culture T.kanedae.During the 120-day test period,the physiological indexes such as new shoot length,branch length,branch number,coverage area,biomass,chlorophyll(Chl t),soluble protein(SP),soluble sugar(SS),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities were measured regularly,and the Allelopathic effect response index(RI),the Synthetic allelopathic effect index(SE)and the Average synthetic allelopathic effect index(ASE)were calculated.The results indicated that the Allelopathic effect response index(RI)and the Synthetic allelopathic effect index(SE)of the three plant fallen leaf extracts on new main stem length,branch length,coverage area,and biomass of T.kanedae exhibit a“promotion at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations”trend.Specifically,at a concentration of T1,a promotive effect was observed,while concentrations greater than T1 generally began to show inhibitory effects,with the strongest inhibition occurring at T4.Correlation analysis showed that growth indicators were significantly negatively correlated with extract concentration,MDA content and SOD activity,while showing significant positive correlations with Chl t content,SS content and CAT activity.The ASE of the three plant species exhibited significant variation,ranging frominhibition to promotion,with the sequence being:C.camphora(−0.170)>B.emeiensis(−0.032)>P.massoniana(0.001).This indicates that the strength of allelopathic effects is influenced by the species of the donor plants.Overall,the allelopathic effects on T.kanedae are both concentration-dependent and species-specific.展开更多
BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting,rapid-recovering anesthetic widely used in sedated colonoscopy for the early detection,diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases.However,the use of propofol alone may require high...BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting,rapid-recovering anesthetic widely used in sedated colonoscopy for the early detection,diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases.However,the use of propofol alone may require high doses to achieve the induction of anesthesia in sedated colonoscopy,which has been associated with anesthesia-related adverse events(AEs),including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,and hypotension.Therefore,propofol co-administrated with other anesthetics has been proposed to reduce the required dose of propofol,enhance the efficacy,and improve the satisfaction of patients receiving colonoscopy under sedation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI)in combination with butorphanol for sedation during colonoscopy.METHODS In this controlled clinical trial,a total of 106 patients,who were scheduled for sedated colonoscopy,were prospectively recruited and assigned into three groups to receive different doses of butorphanol before propofol TCI:Low-dose butorphanol group(5μg/kg,group B1),high-dose butorphanol group(10μg/kg,group B2),and control group(normal saline,group C).Anesthesia was achieved by propofol TCI.The primary outcome was the median effective concentration(EC50)of propofol TCI,which was measured using the up-and-down sequential method.The secondary outcomes included AEs in perianesthesia and recovery characteristics.RESULTS The EC50 of propofol for TCI was 3.03μg/mL[95%confidence interval(CI):2.83-3.23μg/mL]in group B2,3.41μg/mL(95%CI:3.20-3.62μg/mL)in group B1,and 4.05μg/mL(95%CI:3.78-4.34μg/mL)in group C.The amount of propofol necessary for anesthesia was 132 mg[interquartile range(IQR),125-144.75 mg]in group B2 and 142 mg(IQR,135-154 mg)in group B1.Furthermore,the awakening concentration was 1.1μg/mL(IQR,0.9-1.2μg/mL)in group B2 and 1.2μg/mL(IQR,1.025-1.5μg/mL)in group B1.Notably,the propofol TCI plus butorphanol groups(groups B1 and B2)had a lower incidence of anesthesia AEs,when compared to group C.Furthermore,no significant differences were observed in the rates of AEs in perianesthesia,including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,hypotension,nausea and vomiting,and vertigo,among group C,group B1 and group B2.CONCLUSION The combined use with butorphanol reduces the EC50 of propofol TCI for anesthesia.The decrease in propofol might contribute to the reduced anesthesia-related AEs in patients undergoing sedated colonoscopy.展开更多
The channel lateral pocket or halo region of NMOSFET characterized by interface state R G current of a forward gated diode has been investigated numerically for the first time.The result of numerical analysis demons...The channel lateral pocket or halo region of NMOSFET characterized by interface state R G current of a forward gated diode has been investigated numerically for the first time.The result of numerical analysis demonstrates that the effective surface doping concentration and the interface state density of the pocket or halo region are interface states R G current peak position dependent and amplitude dependent,respectively.It can be expressed quantitatively according to the device physics knowledge,thus,the direct characterization of the interface state density and the effective surface doping concentration of the pocket or halo becomes very easy.展开更多
文摘Background Perioperative disorder of magnesium, an important cation in the human body, may affect clinical anesthesia. The pharmacological data of propofol use, which is popularly used in the anesthesiology department and intensive care unit, is incomplete in Chinese patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of magnesium sulfate on the calculated plasma medial effective concentration （Cp5Ocal） of propofol at loss of response to command in Chinese females.
基金supported by grant DY95-08-05 from the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Associationthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 40373002).
文摘A detailed study on a small scale of the effect of phosphatization on the chemistry of marine cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts supplies useful information for the evaluation and comprehensive utilization of crust mineral resources. Sub-samples from top to bottom of a 10-cm thick sample from the NW Pacific Magellan seamount were taken at 5 mm intervals. The concentration profiles of ore-forming and rare earth elements show that obvious differences exist between young unphosphatized crusts and old phosphatized crusts. In the old crusts Fe, Mn, Si, Al, Zn, Mg, Co, Ni and Cu elements are depleted and Ca, P, Sr, Ba and Pb elements are enriched. The order of depletion is Co > Ni > Mg > Al > Mn > Si> Cu > Zn > Fe, while the order of enrichment is P > Ca > Ba > Pb > Sr. The phosphate mineral controls the concentration variation of the ore-forming elements in crusts and causes loss of the main ore-forming elements such as Co and Ni. The phosphatization also affects the abundance of REEs in the crusts. REEs are more abundant and the content of Ce in old crusts is higher than that in young crusts, however, the pattern of REEs and their fractionation characteristics in new and old crusts are not fundamentally changed. A Y-positive anomaly in old crusts has no relationship to the phosphatization.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50272063)
文摘Eu3+ doped SiO2 nano-crystalline glasses were prepared by sol-gel method. The broad peak of XRD pattern indicates an amorphous SiO2 matrix. The affection of anneal time and anneal temperatures on photoluminescence (PL) properties of SiO2 glass under different Eu doping concentration were studied systematically. It is found that the optimized anneal time is about 3 h. The excitation spectra of 2% Eu3+ doped SiO2 glass powder were measured under various anneal temperatures, and the optimized anneal temperature is observed around 700℃. The fluorescence-quenching effect can be observed in the emission spectra when the annealing temperature exceeds 700℃. The emission spectra of different molar ratio dopants were measured at an annealed temperature of 500℃, and the concentration-quenching phenomenon has also been observed in SiO2 glass powder when the molar ratio of Eu3+ ion exceeds 3% . The result shows that the PL intensity approaches its maximum when the molar ratio of Eu3+ ions in the sample is about 3% . In addition, a comparatively stronger emission spectrum at wavelength of 703 nm which is corresponding to the energy transition 5D0→7F4 of Eu ions is also obtained.
基金supported by the Hundreds Talents Program of Chinese Academy of SciencesOpen Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment+1 种基金Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (SKLECRA2015OFP10)Natural Science Foundation of Heilong Jiang Province
文摘In recent years,engineered nanoparticles,as a new group of contaminants emerging in natural water,have been given more attention AlCl3 In order to understand the behavior of nanoparticles in the conventional water treatment process,three kinds of nanoparticle suspensions,namely multi-walled carbon nanotube-humic acid（MWCNT-HA）,multiwalled carbon nanotube-N,N-dimethylformamide（MWCNT-DMF） and nano TiO2-humic acid（TiO2-HA） were employed to investigate their coagulation removal efficiencies with varying aluminum chloride（AlCl3） concentrations AlCl3 Results showed that nanoparticle removal rate curves had a reverse ＂U＂ shape with increasing concentration of aluminum ion（Al^（3＋） ）AlCl3 More than 90% of nanoparticles could be effectively removed by an appropriate Al^（3＋） concentration AlCl3 At higher Al^（3＋） concentration,nanoparticles would be restabilized AlCl3 The hydrodynamic particle size of nanoparticles was found to be the crucial factor influencing the effective concentration range（ECR） of Al^（3＋） for nanoparticle removal AlCl3 The ECR of Al^（3＋） followed the order MWCNT-DMF 〉 MWCNT-HA 〉 TiO2-HA,which is the reverse of the nanoparticle size trend AlCl3 At a given concentration,smaller nanoparticles carry more surface charges,and thus consume more coagulants for neutralization AlCl3 Therefore,over-saturation occurred at relatively higher Al^（3＋） concentration and a wider ECR was obtained AlCl3 The ECR became broader with increasing p H because of the smaller hydrodynamic particle size of nanoparticles at higher p H values AlCl3 A high ionic strength of Na Cl can also widen the ECR due to its strong potential to compress the electric double layer AlCl3 It was concluded that it is important to adjust the dose of Al^（3＋） in the ECR for nanoparticle removal in water treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273028)
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of DEHP and MEHP on steroidogenesis in a murine Leydig tumor cell line （MLTC-1） in vitro. The result of flow cytometry analysis revealed that the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after the exposure to DEHP. All three genes （P450scc, P450c17, and 38HSD） under study showed an increased expression following exposure to DEHP or MEHP, although some insignificant inhibitory effects appeared in the 10μmol/L treatment group as compared with the controls. It was also found that DEHP or MEHP stimulated INSL3 mRNA and protein especially in the 0.001 μmol/L treatment group. Testosterone secretions were stimulated after the exposure to DEHP or MEHP. Alterations of steroidogenic enzymes and INSL3 in MLTC-1 cells might be involved in the biphasic effects of DEHP/MEHP on androgen production.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20537020)the "Hundred Talent Scientist Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Adsorption/desorption in a new Zn（Ⅱ）-TiO2 adsorption system was investigated at different particle concentrations （Cp）. TEM, SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the TiO2 particles were an aggregation of nano-sized （approximately 10 nm） pure anatase-type TiO2. Adsorption experiments were carried out with particle concentrations of 100, 400 and 1000 mg/L, and their adsorption isotherms were found to decline successively, showing an obvious Cp effect. Desorption experiments indicated that adsorption in this system was irreversible, and the irreversibility increased with increasing Cp. These phenomena could be explained by the MEA （metastable equilibrium adsorption） theory and the Cp effect could be modeled well with an MEA-Freundlich-type Cp effect isotherm equation. This study may heln understand environmental behavior of contaminants on ultrafine natural particles.
文摘Transparent conductive cadmium indium oxide films (CdIn2O4) were prepared by r.f. reactive sputtering from Cd-In alloy targets under an Ar-O2 atmosphere. Electrical conductivity of the order of 105Ω-1.m-1 and the optical transmission as high as 94% are easily attained by postdeposition annealing treatment. The effects of oxygen concentration in the reactive gas mixture and post-deposition annealing treatment on the optical transmittance as well as optical parameters, such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), real part (ε') and imaginary part (ε') of the dielectric constant, were studied in the visible and near-infrared region. The highfrequency dielectric constant ε∞ the plasma frequency ωP, and the conduction band effective mass mc of different samples were also investigated
文摘This paper presents the analysis of two-layer cilia induced flow of Phan-Thien-Tanner(PTT) fluid with thermal and concentration effect.The Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid model has been used in the analogy of mucus present in the respiratory tract.The two-layer model approach was used due to the Peri Ciliary liquid Layer(PCL) and Airway Ciliary Layer(ACL) present on the epithelium cell in respiratory tract.The mathematical modelling of two-layer flow problem was simplified using long wavelength and small Reynold ’ s number approximation.The resulting differential equation with moving boundary gives exact solution for velocity,temperature and concentration profiles in two layers.The change in pressure has calculated by the results of velocity profile,also the pressure rise was evaluated by the numerical integration of pressure gradient along the channel wall.The impact of physical parameters on pressure rise,velocity,temperature and concentration profile was explained by the graphs.It can be seen from graphs that velocity and temperature profile are maximum in the inner layer of fluid(PCL) and concentration profile is maximum at outer layers of fluid(ACL).
基金Supported by the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period under Grant No 2011ZX02704the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 51205387the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai under Grant Nos llnm0500300 and 14XD1425300
文摘Effects of abrasive concentration on material removal rate CMRR） and surtace quality m the chemical mecnamcal polishing （CMP） of light-emitting diode sapphire substrates are investigated. Experimental results show that the MRR increases linearly with the abrasive concentration, while the rms roughness decreases with the increasing abrasive concentration. In addition, the in situ coefficient of friction （COF） is also conducted during the sapphire polishing process. The results present that COF increases sharply with the abrasive concentration up to 20 wt% and then shows a slight decrease from 20wt% to 40wt%. Temperature is a product of the friction force that is proportional to COF, which is an indicator for the mechanism of the sapphire CMP.
基金The Guangdong Province Education Department under contract No.GCZX-A0909the Guangdong Province Ocean and Fisheries Science & Technology Extension Project under contract No.20120980+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Industry-University-Science Partnership Project under contract No.20110908the Science&Technology Project of Huaiyin Normal University under contract No.WH0031
文摘Superoxide dismutase（SOD） is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainly two specific forms, Cu/Zn-SOD（SOD1） and Mn-SOD（SOD2）, in eukaryotes. SODs are known to be concurrently modulated by a variety of environmental stressors. By using central composite experimental design and response surface method, the joint effects of water temperature（18–34°C） and copper ion concentration（0.1–1.5 mg/L） on the total SOD activity in the digestive gland of Crassostrea ariakensis were studied. The results showed that the linear effect of temperature was highly significant（P〈0.01）, the quadratic effect of temperature was significant（P〈0.05）; the linear effect of copper ion concentration was not significant（P〉0.05）, while the quadratic effect of copper ion concentration was highly significant（P〈0.01）; the interactive effect of temperature and copper ion concentration was not significant（P〉0.05）; the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. The model equation of digestive gland SOD enzyme activity towards the two factors of interest was established, with R2 and predictive R2 as high as 0.961 6 and 0.820 7, respectively, suggesting that the goodness-offit to experimental data be very satisfactory, and could be applied to prediction of digestive gland SOD activity in C. ariakensis under the conditions of the experiment. Our results would be conducive to addressing the health of aquatic animals and/or to detecting environmental problems by taking SOD as a potential bioindicator.
文摘Under bilateral cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, a series of research cruises were conducted over the western Pacific Ocean. It was found that a) the non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles are the major source of cloud condensation nuclei, b) the population of clouds and the total albedo are proportional to the concentration of condensation nuclei and consequently to the concentration of the non-sea-salt aerosol particles, and c) the amount of rainfall is inversely proportional to the concentration of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles. It seems that anthropogenic sulfate aerosol particles affect the regional planetary albedo and climate and that the contribution from biogenically derived sulfate aerosol particles is of lesser importance.
文摘In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.
文摘Pyrophyllite (H2Al2,Si4 O22, ) dust (P-dust) is a mixture of silica (10-40% ), differentproportions of a luminium oxide (Al2O3 ), and various metal compounds. People with occupa-tions known to be associated with exposure to P-dust include miners, other industrial workersand persons engaged in artistic carving. Currently, little is known about pyrophyllite pneumo-coniosis from P-dust. This study was designed to investigate the hazardous effects of P-dustand to suggest a maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of the dust.This.study included four parts: (i) Occupational epidemiology surveys in 781 workersfrom 1 pyrophyllite mine (PM) and four pyrophyllite carving mills (PCM), with a registra-tion rate of 98 %. (ii) In vitro studies: Six groups of rats were expeed to different levels ofP-dust; the cytotoxicity of P-dust on rat alveolar macrophages (AM) was investigated by de-termining the potassium'content of AM and the activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)in AM culture fluid. (iii) Mineralogical analysis of P-dust: The contents of silica (SiO2 ), alu-minium (Al), ferrum (Fe), niikel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in hath PM-dust andPCMdust were determined. (iv ) Determination of P-dust MAC: Using the life-talbemethod, an investigation of the hygiene standard of P-dust was carried out in 625 workers ex-POSed to either PM-dust or PCM-dust, uPon whom routine radiographs were Performed.The results suggest that the risk of developing pneumoconiosis from pyrophyllite dust issignificantly higher for PM workers than for PCM workers. The prevalence rate of PCM-dustpneumoconiosis is significantly higher in men than in women. The content of SiO2 and AlO3in the mixture of P-dust is the most important factor in the etiology of pyrophyllitosis. De-pending on the different P-dust MAC values, we suggest that 2 rng/m3 and 4 mg/m' shouldbe considered as the MAC for PM-dust and PCM-dust, respectively, and 3 mg/m' fOr P-dust. We believe that establishing different hygiene standards is more accurate even thoughworkers are exposured to the 'same' dust
文摘Relative tillering rate(RTR)increased linear-ly with the increasing of leaf N concentration(NLV)has been already reported.To testwhether this relationship could be used toquantitatively explain the difference in tilleringamong a wide range of N application,field ex- periments were conducted at the IRRI farm,Los Banos,Laguna,the Philippines.Two in- dica cultivars,IR 72 and IR68284H wereused.For each cultivar,12 treatments includ- ing 4 N levels(0,60,120,and 180kgN·ha)and 3 transplanting spacing(30×20,20×20,and 10×20cm)were arranged in a ran-domized split-plot design with 4 replications.The N treatments were designated as mainplots and spacings as subplots.Fourteen-day-old seedlings were transplanted with 3seedlings per hill.The subplot area was 20m~2.Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as basal,atmidtillering,and at panicle initiation in threeequal splits.P,K,and Zn were applied asbasal at normal dosage.The field was flooded.Plant samples were taken every 7-14 d from 14d after transplanting to flower
文摘We studied the effect of agar concentration inmedia on callus induction rate and green plant-let regeneration frequency in rice.Materialswere Fgeneration of indica/indica or indica/japonica,which were 96E76(Hei’e/Zhaiye- qing 8),96E80[(IR 24/Guanglu＇ai 4//Zhongnan’ai)/Yifengzao],96E86(Zhong- munong 9/Zhaiyeqing 8).The induction mediaused was M8+2mg/L 2,4-D,and agar con-centrations were 0.6％,0.8％,and 1.0％,respectively.Regeneration media was MS+2mg/L KT+0.5mg/L IAA+0.5mg/LNAA,and agar concentrations were 0.6％ and1.0％.Results indicated that the calli induc-
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous thyroid hormone on serum NO and iNOS activity of intestinal mucosa in septic rats. Methods Septic model was established by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) in male SD rats. Triiodothyronine ( T3 ) was administered intraperitoneally to correct the low T3 syndrome of septic rats. Blood was collected to examine serum NO and thyroid hormone concentration. Intestinal mucosa iNOS activity was assayed using immunochemical stain. Results Mortality rate in the prevention group was significantly lower than the septic group (Log rank = 3. 85, P 【 0.05). Serum NO concentration was significantly lower in the prevention group (F=19.6,F【0.01). The degree of inflammatory injury of intestinal mucosa was much milder in the prevention group than in the septic group (x2 = 5.303,P【0. 05). Mucosa iNOS activity was also significantly lower in the prevention group (x2 = 4. 876, P【0. 01). Conclusion Thyroid hormone protects the intestinal mucosa barrier inhibiting the expression of
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92270124,52102313,92472207)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ40635)+1 种基金Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022ZD11)the High-Performance Computing Center of Shanghai University and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Computing Systems for providing computing resources and technical support.
文摘In the realm of lithium superionic conductors,pursuing higher ionic conductivity is imperative,with the variance in lithium-ion concentration playing a determining role.Due to the permanent and temporary site-blocking effects,especially at non-dilute concentrations,not all Li-ions contribute to ionic conductivity.Here,we propose a strategy to directly calculate effective mobile ion concentration in which multiple-ion correlated migration is considered in the percolation analysis with the input of Li-ion distributions and hopping behavior based on kinetic Monte Carlo simulation,termed P-KMC.We provide examples of two representative lithium superionic conductors,cubic garnet-type LixA3B2O12(0≤x≤9;A and B represent different cations)and perovskite-type LixLa2/3−x/3TiO3(0≤x≤0.5),to demonstrate the direct dependence of the ionic conductivity on the effective mobile ion concentration.This methodology provides a robust tool to identify the optimal compositions for the highest ionic conductivity in superionic conductors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,“Landscape Adaptation Evaluation of Bryophytes in Karst Areas and its Landscape Theory”(31960328),awarded to Xiurong Wang.
文摘Bryophytes play important ecological roles in terrestrial ecosystems,but their growth is often influenced by environmental factors and chemical interactions with surrounding vegetation.Fallen leaves are an important source of allelopathic substances,yet little is known about their impact onmosses.This study investigates the allelopathic effects of fallen leaves from Cinnamomum camphora,Pinus massoniana,and Bambusa emeiensis on the bryophyte Thuidium kanedae in Guiyang.The litter aqueous extract(0.0125 g/mL(T1),0.025 g/mL(T2),0.05 g/mL(T3),0.1 g/mL(T4)and distilled water control(CK))was used to regularly water and culture T.kanedae.During the 120-day test period,the physiological indexes such as new shoot length,branch length,branch number,coverage area,biomass,chlorophyll(Chl t),soluble protein(SP),soluble sugar(SS),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities were measured regularly,and the Allelopathic effect response index(RI),the Synthetic allelopathic effect index(SE)and the Average synthetic allelopathic effect index(ASE)were calculated.The results indicated that the Allelopathic effect response index(RI)and the Synthetic allelopathic effect index(SE)of the three plant fallen leaf extracts on new main stem length,branch length,coverage area,and biomass of T.kanedae exhibit a“promotion at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations”trend.Specifically,at a concentration of T1,a promotive effect was observed,while concentrations greater than T1 generally began to show inhibitory effects,with the strongest inhibition occurring at T4.Correlation analysis showed that growth indicators were significantly negatively correlated with extract concentration,MDA content and SOD activity,while showing significant positive correlations with Chl t content,SS content and CAT activity.The ASE of the three plant species exhibited significant variation,ranging frominhibition to promotion,with the sequence being:C.camphora(−0.170)>B.emeiensis(−0.032)>P.massoniana(0.001).This indicates that the strength of allelopathic effects is influenced by the species of the donor plants.Overall,the allelopathic effects on T.kanedae are both concentration-dependent and species-specific.
文摘BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting,rapid-recovering anesthetic widely used in sedated colonoscopy for the early detection,diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases.However,the use of propofol alone may require high doses to achieve the induction of anesthesia in sedated colonoscopy,which has been associated with anesthesia-related adverse events(AEs),including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,and hypotension.Therefore,propofol co-administrated with other anesthetics has been proposed to reduce the required dose of propofol,enhance the efficacy,and improve the satisfaction of patients receiving colonoscopy under sedation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI)in combination with butorphanol for sedation during colonoscopy.METHODS In this controlled clinical trial,a total of 106 patients,who were scheduled for sedated colonoscopy,were prospectively recruited and assigned into three groups to receive different doses of butorphanol before propofol TCI:Low-dose butorphanol group(5μg/kg,group B1),high-dose butorphanol group(10μg/kg,group B2),and control group(normal saline,group C).Anesthesia was achieved by propofol TCI.The primary outcome was the median effective concentration(EC50)of propofol TCI,which was measured using the up-and-down sequential method.The secondary outcomes included AEs in perianesthesia and recovery characteristics.RESULTS The EC50 of propofol for TCI was 3.03μg/mL[95%confidence interval(CI):2.83-3.23μg/mL]in group B2,3.41μg/mL(95%CI:3.20-3.62μg/mL)in group B1,and 4.05μg/mL(95%CI:3.78-4.34μg/mL)in group C.The amount of propofol necessary for anesthesia was 132 mg[interquartile range(IQR),125-144.75 mg]in group B2 and 142 mg(IQR,135-154 mg)in group B1.Furthermore,the awakening concentration was 1.1μg/mL(IQR,0.9-1.2μg/mL)in group B2 and 1.2μg/mL(IQR,1.025-1.5μg/mL)in group B1.Notably,the propofol TCI plus butorphanol groups(groups B1 and B2)had a lower incidence of anesthesia AEs,when compared to group C.Furthermore,no significant differences were observed in the rates of AEs in perianesthesia,including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,hypotension,nausea and vomiting,and vertigo,among group C,group B1 and group B2.CONCLUSION The combined use with butorphanol reduces the EC50 of propofol TCI for anesthesia.The decrease in propofol might contribute to the reduced anesthesia-related AEs in patients undergoing sedated colonoscopy.
文摘The channel lateral pocket or halo region of NMOSFET characterized by interface state R G current of a forward gated diode has been investigated numerically for the first time.The result of numerical analysis demonstrates that the effective surface doping concentration and the interface state density of the pocket or halo region are interface states R G current peak position dependent and amplitude dependent,respectively.It can be expressed quantitatively according to the device physics knowledge,thus,the direct characterization of the interface state density and the effective surface doping concentration of the pocket or halo becomes very easy.
