BACKGROUND Liver tissue situated outside the liver with a hepatic connection is usually calledan accessory liver, and that without a connection to the mother liver, is calledectopic liver tissue.AIM To identify studie...BACKGROUND Liver tissue situated outside the liver with a hepatic connection is usually calledan accessory liver, and that without a connection to the mother liver, is calledectopic liver tissue.AIM To identify studies in the literature on ectopic liver tissue located on thegallbladder surface or mesentery.METHODS We present two patients and review published articles on ectopic liver tissuelocated on the gallbladder surface accessed via PubMed, MEDLINE, GoogleScholar, and Google databases. Keywords used included accessory liver lobe,aberrant liver tissue, ectopic liver tissue, ectopic liver nodule, heterotopic livertissue, hepatic choristoma, heterotopic liver tissue on the gallbladder, and ectopicliver tissue on the gallbladder. The search included articles published before June2020 with no language restriction. Letters to the editor, case reports, reviewarticles, original articles, and meeting presentations were included in the search.Articles or abstracts containing adequate information on age, sex, history of liverdisease, preliminary diagnosis, radiologic tools, lesion size, surgical indication,surgical procedure, and histopathological features of ectopic liver tissue wereincluded in the study.RESULTS A total of 72 articles involving 91 cases of ectopic liver tissue located on the gallbladder surface or mesentery were analyzed. Of these 91 patients, 62 werefemale and 25 were male (no gender available for 4 patients), and the age rangewas 5 d to 91 years. Forty-nine patients underwent surgery for chroniccholecystitis or cholelithiasis, and 14 patients underwent surgery for acutecholecystitis. The remaining 28 patients underwent laparotomy for other reasons.Cholecystectomy was laparoscopic in 69 patients and open in 11 patients. Theremaining 19 patients underwent various other surgical procedures such asautopsy, liver transplantation, living donor hepatectomy, Whipple procedure, andliver segment V resection. Histopathologically, hepatocellular carcinoma wasdetected in the ectopic liver tissue of one patient.CONCLUSION Ectopic liver tissue is a rare developmental anomaly which is usually detectedincidentally. Although most studies suggest that ectopic liver located outside thegallbladder has a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, this is not reflected instatistical analysis.展开更多
The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice.This is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually asymptomati...The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice.This is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually asymptomatic.It also refers to the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach.This anomaly can be diagnosed in any part of the digestive system,but it is mostly seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract,especially in the stomach,duodenum and jejunum.The management of this condition has evolved due to the development of minimally invasive procedures.展开更多
BACKGROUNDColonic duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. Many types of heterotopic tissuewere identified within the wall of duplication. However, studies of ectopicimmature renal tissue (EIRT) involving colon dupli...BACKGROUNDColonic duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. Many types of heterotopic tissuewere identified within the wall of duplication. However, studies of ectopicimmature renal tissue (EIRT) involving colon duplication in an adult have yet tobe reported.CASE SUMMARYA 23-year-old woman visited our hospital with symptoms of recurrent abdominalpain and chronic constipation. Image analysis via abdomino-pelvic computedtomography, Gastrografin contrast study, and colonoscopy showed a blind anddilated bowel loop filled with fecal material located on the mesenteric side of thesigmoid colon. We established a diagnosis of sigmoid colon duplication anddecided to perform a laparoscopic investigation. Segmental resection of thesigmoid colon with duplication was done. Microscopically, the duplicatedsegment showed all three layers of the bowel wall and EIRT in the wall of theduplication. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient wasdischarged nine days after the surgery without complications. She has been doingwell 12 mo after the follow-up period.CONCLUSIONA comprehensive histopathologic examination for ectopic tissues or tumors ismandatory after resection of colon duplication.展开更多
A case of ectopic adrenal gland tissue in mesosalpinx is reported.A 52-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital for irregular vaginal bleeding for 2 months.Ultrasound scan showed multiple hypoechoic masses in the...A case of ectopic adrenal gland tissue in mesosalpinx is reported.A 52-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital for irregular vaginal bleeding for 2 months.Ultrasound scan showed multiple hypoechoic masses in the myometrium of the anterior wall of uterus with regular shape and clear boundary.Laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy were performed.In the course of pathological diagnosis,we accidentally found ectopic adrenal gland tissue in the left mesosalpinx.We believe this is worthy of reporting since this case is rare.展开更多
Meckel diverticulum （MD）, a congenital gastrointestinal anomaly, is often involved in pediatrics, but less in the adult population. The patient in this report was a 69-year-old female presented with massive gastroin...Meckel diverticulum （MD）, a congenital gastrointestinal anomaly, is often involved in pediatrics, but less in the adult population. The patient in this report was a 69-year-old female presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding causing hemorrhagic shock due to MD containing ectopic pancreatic tissue. A review of the literature revealed that gastrointestinal bleeding from MD containing ectopic pancreatic tissue is rare in adults and difficult to be identified preoperation. MD should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis for lower gastrointestinal bleeding, although scarce in adults, especially when the patient has massive painless bleeding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary liver teratoma is an extremely rare tumor usually affecting children under the age of 3 years.Specific signs of teratoma on ultrasound,computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging are lackin...BACKGROUND Primary liver teratoma is an extremely rare tumor usually affecting children under the age of 3 years.Specific signs of teratoma on ultrasound,computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging are lacking,which makes morphology the only diagnostic tool.Misdiagnosis of a mature teratoma may lead to excessive liver resection,whereas misdiagnosis of an immature teratoma may result in spread,causing a life-threatening condition.Consequently,a careful tumor examination is important,and the rarest types of tumors must be accounted for.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 52 years old female who presented with a solid mass in the left liver lobe.Contrast-enhanced CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed a round,heterogeneous lesion containing a number of fluid areas and areas of calcification in the middle,and the provisional diagnosis was cholangiocarcinoma.The patient underwent resection of liver segment I.Immunohistochemistry analysis of the resected lesion indicated thyroid follicular epithelium;however,the thyroid gland was intact.10 years prior to presentation the patient underwent a surgery due to mature teratoma of the right ovary,nevertheless the tumor was benign and could not spread to the liver,in addition teratoma of the liver was also benign.This led to the final diagnosis of primary mature liver teratoma.CONCLUSION Primary hepatic teratoma,including heterotopia of the thyroid gland in the liver,is an extremely rare condition in adults that needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid-cystic neoplasms in the liver and cholangiocarcinoma.This case adds to the limited literature on the patient presentation,clinical workup and management of liver teratomas.展开更多
Splenosis is a condition in which splenic tissue is present in a non-anatomical position. Implants of splenic tissue can mimic neoplasms and only specific examinations can confirm the correct diagnosis. Here we report...Splenosis is a condition in which splenic tissue is present in a non-anatomical position. Implants of splenic tissue can mimic neoplasms and only specific examinations can confirm the correct diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 23-year-old male patient with a history of surgical splenectomy during childhood after trauma. He was admitted to the emergency department with acute bowel obstruction. An abdominalpelvic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed small bowel obstruction and the presence of two rounded, solid masses located in the rectal-vescical pouch. Quantitative analyses of the different density values in the arterial phase and early portal venous phase demonstrated that these lesions were highly vascularised (92 and 97 Hounsfield Units, respectively). The hypothesis of an ectopic splenic mass was made after evaluation of the CT images and clinical history. The acute bowel obstruction caused by adhesive intestinal syndrome was resolved by surgical adhesiolysis. The smallest mass adherent to the rectum was removed. Histopathologic examination confirmed the benign nature of the lesion, which consisted of splenic tissue.展开更多
Introduction Intrathoracic accessory spleen is an exceptionally rare finding that is usually discovered incidentally and is rarely symptomatic[1-3].This case is unique because the ectopic splenic tissue caused severe ...Introduction Intrathoracic accessory spleen is an exceptionally rare finding that is usually discovered incidentally and is rarely symptomatic[1-3].This case is unique because the ectopic splenic tissue caused severe dysphagia through extrinsic esophageal compression-a presentation almost never reported(Figure 1).It highlights the importance of considering non-gastrointestinal causes of dysphagia and the value of multimodal imaging and multidisciplinary evaluation in atypical clinical scenarios.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Liver tissue situated outside the liver with a hepatic connection is usually calledan accessory liver, and that without a connection to the mother liver, is calledectopic liver tissue.AIM To identify studies in the literature on ectopic liver tissue located on thegallbladder surface or mesentery.METHODS We present two patients and review published articles on ectopic liver tissuelocated on the gallbladder surface accessed via PubMed, MEDLINE, GoogleScholar, and Google databases. Keywords used included accessory liver lobe,aberrant liver tissue, ectopic liver tissue, ectopic liver nodule, heterotopic livertissue, hepatic choristoma, heterotopic liver tissue on the gallbladder, and ectopicliver tissue on the gallbladder. The search included articles published before June2020 with no language restriction. Letters to the editor, case reports, reviewarticles, original articles, and meeting presentations were included in the search.Articles or abstracts containing adequate information on age, sex, history of liverdisease, preliminary diagnosis, radiologic tools, lesion size, surgical indication,surgical procedure, and histopathological features of ectopic liver tissue wereincluded in the study.RESULTS A total of 72 articles involving 91 cases of ectopic liver tissue located on the gallbladder surface or mesentery were analyzed. Of these 91 patients, 62 werefemale and 25 were male (no gender available for 4 patients), and the age rangewas 5 d to 91 years. Forty-nine patients underwent surgery for chroniccholecystitis or cholelithiasis, and 14 patients underwent surgery for acutecholecystitis. The remaining 28 patients underwent laparotomy for other reasons.Cholecystectomy was laparoscopic in 69 patients and open in 11 patients. Theremaining 19 patients underwent various other surgical procedures such asautopsy, liver transplantation, living donor hepatectomy, Whipple procedure, andliver segment V resection. Histopathologically, hepatocellular carcinoma wasdetected in the ectopic liver tissue of one patient.CONCLUSION Ectopic liver tissue is a rare developmental anomaly which is usually detectedincidentally. Although most studies suggest that ectopic liver located outside thegallbladder has a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, this is not reflected instatistical analysis.
文摘The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice.This is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually asymptomatic.It also refers to the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach.This anomaly can be diagnosed in any part of the digestive system,but it is mostly seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract,especially in the stomach,duodenum and jejunum.The management of this condition has evolved due to the development of minimally invasive procedures.
文摘BACKGROUNDColonic duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. Many types of heterotopic tissuewere identified within the wall of duplication. However, studies of ectopicimmature renal tissue (EIRT) involving colon duplication in an adult have yet tobe reported.CASE SUMMARYA 23-year-old woman visited our hospital with symptoms of recurrent abdominalpain and chronic constipation. Image analysis via abdomino-pelvic computedtomography, Gastrografin contrast study, and colonoscopy showed a blind anddilated bowel loop filled with fecal material located on the mesenteric side of thesigmoid colon. We established a diagnosis of sigmoid colon duplication anddecided to perform a laparoscopic investigation. Segmental resection of thesigmoid colon with duplication was done. Microscopically, the duplicatedsegment showed all three layers of the bowel wall and EIRT in the wall of theduplication. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient wasdischarged nine days after the surgery without complications. She has been doingwell 12 mo after the follow-up period.CONCLUSIONA comprehensive histopathologic examination for ectopic tissues or tumors ismandatory after resection of colon duplication.
文摘A case of ectopic adrenal gland tissue in mesosalpinx is reported.A 52-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital for irregular vaginal bleeding for 2 months.Ultrasound scan showed multiple hypoechoic masses in the myometrium of the anterior wall of uterus with regular shape and clear boundary.Laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy were performed.In the course of pathological diagnosis,we accidentally found ectopic adrenal gland tissue in the left mesosalpinx.We believe this is worthy of reporting since this case is rare.
文摘Meckel diverticulum （MD）, a congenital gastrointestinal anomaly, is often involved in pediatrics, but less in the adult population. The patient in this report was a 69-year-old female presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding causing hemorrhagic shock due to MD containing ectopic pancreatic tissue. A review of the literature revealed that gastrointestinal bleeding from MD containing ectopic pancreatic tissue is rare in adults and difficult to be identified preoperation. MD should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis for lower gastrointestinal bleeding, although scarce in adults, especially when the patient has massive painless bleeding.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary liver teratoma is an extremely rare tumor usually affecting children under the age of 3 years.Specific signs of teratoma on ultrasound,computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging are lacking,which makes morphology the only diagnostic tool.Misdiagnosis of a mature teratoma may lead to excessive liver resection,whereas misdiagnosis of an immature teratoma may result in spread,causing a life-threatening condition.Consequently,a careful tumor examination is important,and the rarest types of tumors must be accounted for.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 52 years old female who presented with a solid mass in the left liver lobe.Contrast-enhanced CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed a round,heterogeneous lesion containing a number of fluid areas and areas of calcification in the middle,and the provisional diagnosis was cholangiocarcinoma.The patient underwent resection of liver segment I.Immunohistochemistry analysis of the resected lesion indicated thyroid follicular epithelium;however,the thyroid gland was intact.10 years prior to presentation the patient underwent a surgery due to mature teratoma of the right ovary,nevertheless the tumor was benign and could not spread to the liver,in addition teratoma of the liver was also benign.This led to the final diagnosis of primary mature liver teratoma.CONCLUSION Primary hepatic teratoma,including heterotopia of the thyroid gland in the liver,is an extremely rare condition in adults that needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid-cystic neoplasms in the liver and cholangiocarcinoma.This case adds to the limited literature on the patient presentation,clinical workup and management of liver teratomas.
文摘Splenosis is a condition in which splenic tissue is present in a non-anatomical position. Implants of splenic tissue can mimic neoplasms and only specific examinations can confirm the correct diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 23-year-old male patient with a history of surgical splenectomy during childhood after trauma. He was admitted to the emergency department with acute bowel obstruction. An abdominalpelvic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed small bowel obstruction and the presence of two rounded, solid masses located in the rectal-vescical pouch. Quantitative analyses of the different density values in the arterial phase and early portal venous phase demonstrated that these lesions were highly vascularised (92 and 97 Hounsfield Units, respectively). The hypothesis of an ectopic splenic mass was made after evaluation of the CT images and clinical history. The acute bowel obstruction caused by adhesive intestinal syndrome was resolved by surgical adhesiolysis. The smallest mass adherent to the rectum was removed. Histopathologic examination confirmed the benign nature of the lesion, which consisted of splenic tissue.
文摘Introduction Intrathoracic accessory spleen is an exceptionally rare finding that is usually discovered incidentally and is rarely symptomatic[1-3].This case is unique because the ectopic splenic tissue caused severe dysphagia through extrinsic esophageal compression-a presentation almost never reported(Figure 1).It highlights the importance of considering non-gastrointestinal causes of dysphagia and the value of multimodal imaging and multidisciplinary evaluation in atypical clinical scenarios.
