Working memory（WM）allows humans to hold necessary information in temporary storage and manipulate such information online for higher-order cognitive functions,such as language understanding,decision making,and probl...Working memory（WM）allows humans to hold necessary information in temporary storage and manipulate such information online for higher-order cognitive functions,such as language understanding,decision making,and problem solving.Since its first appearance in the science of psychology in the 1960s,many theories have sought to elucidate the nature of WM.The most accepted model is展开更多
This paper takes stock of theoretical economic analyses of overcapacity,reveals the factors that induce actual capacity to deviate from market equilibrium, examines market-based mechanisms to resolve overcapacity, and...This paper takes stock of theoretical economic analyses of overcapacity,reveals the factors that induce actual capacity to deviate from market equilibrium, examines market-based mechanisms to resolve overcapacity, and identifies long-term mechanisms and assurances for market-based solutions to overcapacity. Given the limitations of market mechanism and the government's role, neither the market nor the government is able to resolve the problem of overcapacity on its own. In resolving overcapacity, market and the government should play their respective roles rather than replace one another. While the market is a dominant force in regulating capacity and achieving supply and demand equilibrium, the government should provide institutional assurances for effective market operation. Market-based solutions to overcapacity require the government to provide institutional assurances and create a system where market entities decide to enter and exit the market under effective restraints and incentives with a clear boundary.展开更多
The inaugural session of the China-U.S.economic and trade consultation mechanism took place in London,the UK,on June 9-10.After two days of negotiations,both delegations reached consensus on a preliminary trade framew...The inaugural session of the China-U.S.economic and trade consultation mechanism took place in London,the UK,on June 9-10.After two days of negotiations,both delegations reached consensus on a preliminary trade framework and submitted the outcomes to their respective heads of state for review.The framework will be implemented after getting approval from their respective leaders.展开更多
The reputation-based trust mechanism is a way to assess the trustworthiness of offered services, based on the feedback obtained from their users. In the absence of appropriate safeguards, service users can still manip...The reputation-based trust mechanism is a way to assess the trustworthiness of offered services, based on the feedback obtained from their users. In the absence of appropriate safeguards, service users can still manipulate this feedback. Auction mechanisms have already addressed the problem of manipulation by market- trading participants. When auction mechanisms are applied to trust systems, their interaction with the trust systems and associated overhead need to be quantitatively evaluated. This paper proposes two distributed architectures based on centralized and hybrid computing for integrating an auction mechanism with the trust systems. The empirical evaluation demonstrates how the architectures help to discourage users from giving untruthful feedback and reduce the overhead costs of the auction mechanisms.展开更多
文摘Working memory（WM）allows humans to hold necessary information in temporary storage and manipulate such information online for higher-order cognitive functions,such as language understanding,decision making,and problem solving.Since its first appearance in the science of psychology in the 1960s,many theories have sought to elucidate the nature of WM.The most accepted model is
文摘This paper takes stock of theoretical economic analyses of overcapacity,reveals the factors that induce actual capacity to deviate from market equilibrium, examines market-based mechanisms to resolve overcapacity, and identifies long-term mechanisms and assurances for market-based solutions to overcapacity. Given the limitations of market mechanism and the government's role, neither the market nor the government is able to resolve the problem of overcapacity on its own. In resolving overcapacity, market and the government should play their respective roles rather than replace one another. While the market is a dominant force in regulating capacity and achieving supply and demand equilibrium, the government should provide institutional assurances for effective market operation. Market-based solutions to overcapacity require the government to provide institutional assurances and create a system where market entities decide to enter and exit the market under effective restraints and incentives with a clear boundary.
文摘The inaugural session of the China-U.S.economic and trade consultation mechanism took place in London,the UK,on June 9-10.After two days of negotiations,both delegations reached consensus on a preliminary trade framework and submitted the outcomes to their respective heads of state for review.The framework will be implemented after getting approval from their respective leaders.
文摘The reputation-based trust mechanism is a way to assess the trustworthiness of offered services, based on the feedback obtained from their users. In the absence of appropriate safeguards, service users can still manipulate this feedback. Auction mechanisms have already addressed the problem of manipulation by market- trading participants. When auction mechanisms are applied to trust systems, their interaction with the trust systems and associated overhead need to be quantitatively evaluated. This paper proposes two distributed architectures based on centralized and hybrid computing for integrating an auction mechanism with the trust systems. The empirical evaluation demonstrates how the architectures help to discourage users from giving untruthful feedback and reduce the overhead costs of the auction mechanisms.
