In the countryside of east Zhejiang Province,a quiet village has hit a home run.Xujiadai,once a place known for pig farming and environmental pollution,is drawing visitors from across China with a sport still uncommon...In the countryside of east Zhejiang Province,a quiet village has hit a home run.Xujiadai,once a place known for pig farming and environmental pollution,is drawing visitors from across China with a sport still uncommon in the country:baseball.展开更多
In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this ope...In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision number 32 in 1989.We can say that with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,economic growth and development were tried to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This trend made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The same economic structure experienced a financial and economic crisis caused by hot money again in November 2000 and February 2001.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made with the IMF(International Monetary Fund)and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy started to grow rapidly with the ease of using foreign resources,and political stability seems to have enabled this economic growth process to continue uninterruptedly except 2009.There was also a decrease in inflation rates.The same economic structure continued in the period between 2010 and 2020,and the financing need of economic growth was met by outsourcing.However,this process was different from the previous decade and there was no economic and financial crisis other than the sudden increase in exchange rates in 2018.We can say that the sudden exchange rate increase in 2018 was perceived as a harbinger of possible exchange rate shocks in the following years.展开更多
The optimal allocation of foreign resources requires a minimum level of domestic development,including financial development to benefit from the potential benefits of foreign direct investment.This study discusses the...The optimal allocation of foreign resources requires a minimum level of domestic development,including financial development to benefit from the potential benefits of foreign direct investment.This study discusses the mediating role of financial development in the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth and establishes the banking sector threshold for the 18 least developed African countries over the period 2000 to 2020.We used the generalized method of moments(GMM)and the threshold regression(TR)as part of the dynamic panel data model.The results show the non-significant contribution of foreign direct investment and the banking sector to economic growth.After interaction,the effect of foreign direct investment becomes positive but not significant.However,the coefficient of the interaction variable is significantly negative.This implies that the financial system is unable to allocate foreign resources efficiently.For this reason,this paper resorted to applying the threshold regression to determine the minimum threshold of the banking sector and established a threshold of 74.58%.It therefore becomes necessary for the 18 least developed African countries to develop the financial system in order to get full benefits of foreign direct investment.展开更多
In accordance with the directives of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,it is essential to enhance policies for strategic emerging industries like photovoltaic ener...In accordance with the directives of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,it is essential to enhance policies for strategic emerging industries like photovoltaic energy and to establish localized mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces.Using a difference-in-differences(DID)approach on a panel data between 2010 and 2020,this study assesses the impact of China’s photovoltaic(PV)poverty alleviation policies on county-level economic growth.The results show that the PV poverty alleviation policy leads to increases of 3.2%in GDP and 5.3%in GDP per capita,respectively,in targeted poverty counties.These findings are robust across multiple tests.The positive effects are particularly salient in regions with stronger central government support and higher solar radiation.Further analysis reveals that the beneficial effect of this policy is stronger in counties with higher share of poor villages and households,as well as larger coverage of PV station development.In terms of its impact mechanisms,the policy has provided new income sources,expanded employment opportunities,and enhanced market vitality through improvements in the electricity supply.This study offers theoretical insights for optimizing China’s PV industry policy under its rural revitalization strategy,and contributes to building long-term sustainable development mechanisms in rural areas.It also advances our understanding of the poverty-reducing potential of new quality productive forces.展开更多
Since 2000,China's investment in Africa has grown rapidly,following a steady upward trajectory.However,this influx of Chinese capital has sparked both economic and political controversies.By integrating multi-sour...Since 2000,China's investment in Africa has grown rapidly,following a steady upward trajectory.However,this influx of Chinese capital has sparked both economic and political controversies.By integrating multi-source data—from micro-level individual projects to national statistics—this study examines the impact of Chinese investment on African economic development between 2000 and 2022.The results reveal a significant positive correlation between Chinese investment and economic growth across different scales,with investment-intensive regions achieving stronger economic outcomes.The DID analysis indicates that the Belt and Road Initiative has contributed positively to Africa's economic development.Both static and dynamic panel models confirm that Chinese investment significantly stimulates growth,exhibiting notable lag effects.Furthermore,β-convergence models demonstrate that Chinese investment fosters economic convergence among African countries.Regarding regional inequality,the findings suggest that Chinese investment helps to narrow disparities across Africa,promoting a more balanced economic landscape.Overall,this research underscores the constructive role of China's investment in fostering economic growth and reducing inequality within the African context.展开更多
This paper develops an economic growth model incorporating China’s Environmental Target Responsibility System(ETRS)to analyze its impact on both economic growth and social welfare.We find that the ETRS’s effect on e...This paper develops an economic growth model incorporating China’s Environmental Target Responsibility System(ETRS)to analyze its impact on both economic growth and social welfare.We find that the ETRS’s effect on economic growth is complex,resulting from the interplay of three key factors:its potential to improve environmental quality,its potential dampening effect on total factor productivity(TFP),and its influence on local government spending on environmental governance.A balanced ETRS can improve environmental quality,promote technological innovation,and enhance social welfare.However,excessively stringent targets and overly emphasized responsibility may lead to declines in both economic growth and social welfare.From the perspective of balancing economic growth and social welfare,we find that the ETRS that maximizes economic growth is less stringent than the ETRS that maximizes social welfare.Crucially,the economic growth cost of shifting from a growth-maximizing to a welfare-maximizing ETRS is minimal.In other words,significant improvements in environmental quality and public well-being can be achieved without substantially sacrificing economic dynamism.This paper attempts to model China’s unique environmental target assessment system within the framework of endogenous growth theory,offering a new perspective for understanding the dynamic relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in China.展开更多
In light of growing challenges posed by water pollution,understanding the multifaceted impacts of water quality on economic performance is an imperative for formulating effective policies aimed at sustainable developm...In light of growing challenges posed by water pollution,understanding the multifaceted impacts of water quality on economic performance is an imperative for formulating effective policies aimed at sustainable development.Existing studies tend to be constrained by limited local data,and lack a perspective on spatial dynamics and regional variations in water quality effects.This study addresses these gaps by examining the influence of upstream water quality on downstream economic growth in China,utilizing high-resolution panel data.Findings reveal that a 1%increase in upstream biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)concentration reduces downstream economic growth by 0.25% nationally.Regionally,the constraining effect varies significantly,ranging from 0.38% in Southwest China(β=-0.38)to 0.92% in North China(β=-0.92).Notably,even in regions with non-polluted water,upstream water quality deterioration continues to impede downstream economic growth.These findings underscore the critical need to integrate water quality considerations into economic policy frameworks and highlight the importance of coordinated,cross-regional water quality management strategies to foster sustainable economic development.展开更多
To investigate how spatial heterogeneity affects the so-called“resource curse”in China,we combine a careful selection of indicators with the concept of resource industry spatial agglomeration(RISA)as a proxy for res...To investigate how spatial heterogeneity affects the so-called“resource curse”in China,we combine a careful selection of indicators with the concept of resource industry spatial agglomeration(RISA)as a proxy for resource abundance and dependency.To address RISA heterogeneity among regions,those lacking a spatial concentration in non-resource industries are excluded from the analysis.We then develop an econometric model of regional economic growth(REG)using RISA.To further investigate the impact mechanisms of RISA and other factors influencing REG,we use the feasible generalized least squares(FGLS)method and the system generalized method of moments(SGMM).Conducting a stepwise regression analysis,we systematically examine the effect of the resource curse at the regional level from a RISA perspective.Our key findings are as follows:①Fifteen provinces in China exhibit RISA,and their level of economic development is significantly lower than that of provinces without a spatial agglomeration of resource industries.②RISA and REG exhibit a“U-shaped”relationship,characterized initially by suppression followed by promotion.③In terms of transmission mechanisms,investments in material and human capital,the degree of openness to foreign trade,and residents’savings rate all suppress RISA,while investments in technological innovation,development of the private economy and the manufacturing industry,and government intervention can promote spatial agglomeration of resource industries.展开更多
In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization,achieving a coordinated relationship between urban construction land expansion(UCLE)and economic growth is essential for sustainable development,especially in...In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization,achieving a coordinated relationship between urban construction land expansion(UCLE)and economic growth is essential for sustainable development,especially in developing countries.This study examined the spatiotemporal relationship between UCLE and economic growth in the Yellow River Basin(YRB),China from 2000 to 2020.An extended IPAT(Impact=Population×Affluence×Technology)decoupling framework and the geographical detector model were employed at a 5-km grid scale.Results show that urban construction land(UCL)expanded slowly before 2005,accelerated between 2005 and 2015,and declined thereafter.Since 2015,UCLE in most parts of the YRB has gradually decoupled from economic growth.The geographical detector analysis revealed that economic growth,along with its interactions with natural,locational,and socioeconomic factors,significantly influenced UCLE.Notably,location factors have gained importance since 2015,reducing the role of economic growth as the primary driver of UCLE in the YRB’s lower reaches.Nonetheless,economic growth continues to significantly influence the upper and middle reaches.These findings highlight the need for more precise and differentiated strategies for land utilization and economic growth,tailored to finer spatial scales,to better integrate human-land systems and promote high-quality regional development.展开更多
Given the great strides that China＇s education sector has made in recent decades, it can be expected that the overall workforce quality of exiting China＇s labor market in coming one or two decades will be relatively...Given the great strides that China＇s education sector has made in recent decades, it can be expected that the overall workforce quality of exiting China＇s labor market in coming one or two decades will be relatively low, while the overall quality of workforce newly entering into China＇s labor market will be high. As the new, bettereducated generation takes over, China＇s workforce quality will be vastly improved. This in turn will promote economic growth. We refer to economic growth arising from improved workforce quality as qualitative demographic dividend. Using the computable general equilibrium （CGE） model, this paper investigates the relationship between workforce quality improvements and economic growth. According to the model＇s results, an improvement in workforce quality will raise the economic growth rate by about two percentage points per annum between 2016 and 2020 and by 10 percentage points cumulatively by 2020. In other words, GDP will be 1.1 times the level of baseline GDP by 2020 due to the improved education levels. Given different production functions across sectors, the improvement of workforce quality will affect different sectors in different ways. On the whole, the improvement of workforce quality is more favorable to the development of capital-intensive sectors and sectors with rapid technology progress. According to this paper, considering the improvement of workforce quality, we cannot conclude that China＇s potential economic growth rate has already begun to decline. Despite diminishing conventional quantitative demographic dividends, China ＂s qualitative demographic dividends will keep rising. Qualitative demographic dividends will further push forward China＇s industrial restructuring and the strategic transition of industrial competitiveness from quantitative to qualitative and from an extensive to an intensive pattern of development.展开更多
In order to investigate the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, the relationship between the gross domestic product （GDP） and consumption in Chin...In order to investigate the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, the relationship between the gross domestic product （GDP） and consumption in China was investigated by the cointegration analysis method. Using the Engle-Granger （EG） test and considering the possibility of structural changes, the impact of external economic shocks on the long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China was analyzed. Analysis results show that without considering structural changes, the EG test cannot detect cointegration in the series subjected to structural changes; in considering structural changes, cointegration is successfully detected by specifying the dummy variable. In addition, the error correction models were constructed in different periods. This study verifies the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, and this relationship has significantly changed in 1989 and 1997, respectively.展开更多
This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with th...This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.展开更多
Beginning in 1997, China implemented a six-round campaign to accelerate train service, known as the ＂ China Railway Speed-Up Campaign＇＂ which greatly increased railway capacity and improved the quality of rail faci...Beginning in 1997, China implemented a six-round campaign to accelerate train service, known as the ＂ China Railway Speed-Up Campaign＇＂ which greatly increased railway capacity and improved the quality of rail facilities. This can be seen as a natural experiment of the effects of improving the quality of transportation infrastructure. Using the Beijing- Guangzhou Line and the Beijing-Shanghai Line as examples, this paper creates city-level panel data for stations along accelerated lines and traditional stations for the years between 1994 and 2006 and systematically examines the campaign＇s effect on economic growth using difference-in-difference （DID） methodology. Our research concludes that railway acceleration has promoted economic growth in cities with stations on upgraded rail lines. Over the entire period of the speed-up campaign, the per capita GDP growth rate has risen by 3.7percentage points in cities with upgraded stations versus cities with traditional stations. Moreover, positive effects on economic growth have been found to increase in later stages of railway upgrades.展开更多
Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to...Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to 2003,a spatial production function is applied to examine the spatial spillovers which can be generated as a positive output spillover from the transport infrastructure between neighboring cities.Some spatial weighted matrices are adopted to define different neighboring cities to measure how easily factors or economic activities can migrate between regions.The estimation results show that the output elasticity of the highway infrastructure in 11 cities are all insignificant at a 5% significance level;hence,highway infrastructure in a region cannot explain the same region's economic growth.On the other hand,the highway infrastructure of other contiguous regions has positive spillover effects on a same region's economic growth.展开更多
Environmental pollution is deteriorating upon economy growth and will re- strain economy in turn. The research took Jiangxi Province as an example to seek existing problems on eco-environment, analyze causes and propo...Environmental pollution is deteriorating upon economy growth and will re- strain economy in turn. The research took Jiangxi Province as an example to seek existing problems on eco-environment, analyze causes and propose countermeasure in order to iay foundation for local economy development.展开更多
Intellectual capital(IC)has become a universal performance indicator for the socioeconomic development of countries and regions.Based on a review ofnational intellectualcapital(NIC)and regional intellectualcapital(RIC...Intellectual capital(IC)has become a universal performance indicator for the socioeconomic development of countries and regions.Based on a review ofnational intellectualcapital(NIC)and regional intellectualcapital(RIC)evaluation literature,we used the regional intellectualcapitalindicator(RICI)as a model for China’s RIC evaluation to indirectly understand China’s potential economic growth drivers.Specifically,we collected statisticaldata of31 provinces(including municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2004 to 2016to measure RICI and analyze its dynamic characteristics from temporal and spatial perspectives.In this paper,Delphi analysis was used to construct RICI model,and cluster analysisand exploratory spatial data analysis were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of RICI in China.The results showedthat RICI,which represents China’s overall economic growth drivers,increases annuallyand is consistent with economic developmentlevelduring the study period.Regarding the geo-spatial space,RICI follows the trend of“high in the east and low in the west”,gradually decreasing from eastern to western China.ForRIC structure,the shape of the radar chart of IC structure located in the eastern coastal areas is usually biased towards strong external relational capital,while that in western China is generally biased towards structural capital.For spatial correlation,China’s RICI has dependence on geographical adjacent space and economic space.Our research can provide policy suggestions for the sustainable development of regional economy from an IC perspective.展开更多
This paper makes systematic observations of China＇s contributions to global macroeconomic growth and bulk commodity consumption. Our observations suggest that while China＇s economic size is relatively small on a per...This paper makes systematic observations of China＇s contributions to global macroeconomic growth and bulk commodity consumption. Our observations suggest that while China＇s economic size is relatively small on a per capita basis, its contributions are large in terms of overall volume; moreover, the economy has experienced tremendous growth. Quantifying these characteristics that are unique to China＇s development creates a realistic background upon which China can re-examine its trade and economic policies and strategic thinking.展开更多
As one of the key issues in China's sustainable development,rapid urbanization and continuous economic growth are accompanied by a steady increase of water consump-tion and a severe urban water crisis.A better und...As one of the key issues in China's sustainable development,rapid urbanization and continuous economic growth are accompanied by a steady increase of water consump-tion and a severe urban water crisis.A better understanding of the relationship among ur-banization,economic growth and water use change is necessary for Chinese decision mak-ers at various levels to address the positive and negative effects of urbanization.Thus,we established a complete decomposition model to quantify the driving effects of urbanization on economic growth and water use change for China and its 31 provincial administrative regions during the period of 1997-2011.The results show that,(1)China's urbanization only contrib-uted about 30%of the economic growth.Therefore,such idea as urbanization is the major driving force of economic growth may be weakened.(2)China's urbanization increased 2352×10^8 m3 of water use by increasing the economic aggregate.However,it decreased 4530×10^8 m3 of water use by optimizing the industrial structure and improving the water use efficiency.Therefore,such idea as urbanization is the major driving force of water demand growth may be reacquainted.(3)Urbanization usually made greater contribution to economic and water use growth in the provincial administrative regions in east and central China,which had larger population and economic aggregate and stepped into the accelerating period of urbanization.However,it also made greater contribution to industrial structure optimization and water use efficiency improvement,and then largely decreased total water use.In total,urbanization had negative effects on water use growth in most provincial administrative re-gions in China,and the spatiotemporal differences among them were lessened on the whole.(4)Though urbanization helps to decrease water use for China and most provincial adminis-trative regions,it may cause water crisis in urban built-up areas or urban agglomerations.Therefore,China should construct the water transfer and compensation mechanisms be-tween urban and rural areas,or low and high density urban areas as soon as possible.展开更多
Elucidating the complex mechanism between urbanization, economic growth, car- bon dioxide emissions is fundamental necessary to inform effective strategies on energy saving and emission reduction in China. Based on a ...Elucidating the complex mechanism between urbanization, economic growth, car- bon dioxide emissions is fundamental necessary to inform effective strategies on energy saving and emission reduction in China. Based on a balanced panel data of 31 provinces in China over the period 1997-2010, this study empirically examines the relationships among urbanization, economic growth and carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions at the national and re- gional levels using panel cointegration and vector error correction model and Granger cau- sality tests. Results showed that urbanization, economic growth and CO2 emissions are inte- grated of order one. Urbanization contributes to economic growth, both of which increase CO2 emissions in China and its eastern, central and western regions. The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions in the western region was larger than that in the eastern and central re- gions. But economic growth had a larger impact on CO2 emissions in the eastern region than that in the central and western regions. Panel causality analysis revealed a bidirectional long-run causal relationship among urbanization, economic growth and CO2 emissions, in- dicating that in the long run, urbanization does have a causal effect on economic growth in China, both of which have causal effect on CO2 emissions. At the regional level, we also found a bidirectional long-run causality between land urbanization and economic growth in eastern and central China. These results demonstrated that it might be difficult for China to pursue carbon emissions reduction policy and to control urban expansion without impeding economic growth in the long run. In the short-run, we observed a unidirectional causation running from land urbanization to CO2 emissions and from economic growth to CO2 emissions in the eastern and central regions. Further investigations revealed an inverted N-shaped re- lationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in China, not supporting the envi- ronmental Kuznets curve （EKC） hypothesis. Our empirical findings have an important refer- ence value for policy-makers in formulating effective energy saving and emission reduction strategies for China.展开更多
文摘In the countryside of east Zhejiang Province,a quiet village has hit a home run.Xujiadai,once a place known for pig farming and environmental pollution,is drawing visitors from across China with a sport still uncommon in the country:baseball.
文摘In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision number 32 in 1989.We can say that with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,economic growth and development were tried to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This trend made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The same economic structure experienced a financial and economic crisis caused by hot money again in November 2000 and February 2001.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made with the IMF(International Monetary Fund)and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy started to grow rapidly with the ease of using foreign resources,and political stability seems to have enabled this economic growth process to continue uninterruptedly except 2009.There was also a decrease in inflation rates.The same economic structure continued in the period between 2010 and 2020,and the financing need of economic growth was met by outsourcing.However,this process was different from the previous decade and there was no economic and financial crisis other than the sudden increase in exchange rates in 2018.We can say that the sudden exchange rate increase in 2018 was perceived as a harbinger of possible exchange rate shocks in the following years.
文摘The optimal allocation of foreign resources requires a minimum level of domestic development,including financial development to benefit from the potential benefits of foreign direct investment.This study discusses the mediating role of financial development in the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth and establishes the banking sector threshold for the 18 least developed African countries over the period 2000 to 2020.We used the generalized method of moments(GMM)and the threshold regression(TR)as part of the dynamic panel data model.The results show the non-significant contribution of foreign direct investment and the banking sector to economic growth.After interaction,the effect of foreign direct investment becomes positive but not significant.However,the coefficient of the interaction variable is significantly negative.This implies that the financial system is unable to allocate foreign resources efficiently.For this reason,this paper resorted to applying the threshold regression to determine the minimum threshold of the banking sector and established a threshold of 74.58%.It therefore becomes necessary for the 18 least developed African countries to develop the financial system in order to get full benefits of foreign direct investment.
基金Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China“Research on Building and Consolidating a Close and Clean Government-Business Relationship”(Grant No.22AZD033)Youth Project of the Anhui Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning“Research on Impact Mechanism of Photovoltaic Industry Policies on Firm Entry and Policy Optimization in Anhui Province”(Grant No.AHSKYQ2023D060).
文摘In accordance with the directives of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,it is essential to enhance policies for strategic emerging industries like photovoltaic energy and to establish localized mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces.Using a difference-in-differences(DID)approach on a panel data between 2010 and 2020,this study assesses the impact of China’s photovoltaic(PV)poverty alleviation policies on county-level economic growth.The results show that the PV poverty alleviation policy leads to increases of 3.2%in GDP and 5.3%in GDP per capita,respectively,in targeted poverty counties.These findings are robust across multiple tests.The positive effects are particularly salient in regions with stronger central government support and higher solar radiation.Further analysis reveals that the beneficial effect of this policy is stronger in counties with higher share of poor villages and households,as well as larger coverage of PV station development.In terms of its impact mechanisms,the policy has provided new income sources,expanded employment opportunities,and enhanced market vitality through improvements in the electricity supply.This study offers theoretical insights for optimizing China’s PV industry policy under its rural revitalization strategy,and contributes to building long-term sustainable development mechanisms in rural areas.It also advances our understanding of the poverty-reducing potential of new quality productive forces.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42101424,No.42001115。
文摘Since 2000,China's investment in Africa has grown rapidly,following a steady upward trajectory.However,this influx of Chinese capital has sparked both economic and political controversies.By integrating multi-source data—from micro-level individual projects to national statistics—this study examines the impact of Chinese investment on African economic development between 2000 and 2022.The results reveal a significant positive correlation between Chinese investment and economic growth across different scales,with investment-intensive regions achieving stronger economic outcomes.The DID analysis indicates that the Belt and Road Initiative has contributed positively to Africa's economic development.Both static and dynamic panel models confirm that Chinese investment significantly stimulates growth,exhibiting notable lag effects.Furthermore,β-convergence models demonstrate that Chinese investment fosters economic convergence among African countries.Regarding regional inequality,the findings suggest that Chinese investment helps to narrow disparities across Africa,promoting a more balanced economic landscape.Overall,this research underscores the constructive role of China's investment in fostering economic growth and reducing inequality within the African context.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)Project“Research on Economic Growth Theory”(Grant No.22VRC176)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Project“Economic Dynamic Equilibrium and Optimal Regulation Policy Framework Design in the Process of Population Aging”(Grant No.72342033)+1 种基金NSFC Project“Research on the Macroeconomic Impact Mechanism of Local Government Land Allocation Behavior”(Grant No.72003211)the Central University of Finance and Economics Youth Research Innovation Team Support Program Project“Research on Data-Based Platform Anti-Monopoly Regulation”(Grant No.20230047).
文摘This paper develops an economic growth model incorporating China’s Environmental Target Responsibility System(ETRS)to analyze its impact on both economic growth and social welfare.We find that the ETRS’s effect on economic growth is complex,resulting from the interplay of three key factors:its potential to improve environmental quality,its potential dampening effect on total factor productivity(TFP),and its influence on local government spending on environmental governance.A balanced ETRS can improve environmental quality,promote technological innovation,and enhance social welfare.However,excessively stringent targets and overly emphasized responsibility may lead to declines in both economic growth and social welfare.From the perspective of balancing economic growth and social welfare,we find that the ETRS that maximizes economic growth is less stringent than the ETRS that maximizes social welfare.Crucially,the economic growth cost of shifting from a growth-maximizing to a welfare-maximizing ETRS is minimal.In other words,significant improvements in environmental quality and public well-being can be achieved without substantially sacrificing economic dynamism.This paper attempts to model China’s unique environmental target assessment system within the framework of endogenous growth theory,offering a new perspective for understanding the dynamic relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.52370192,No.52200221,No.52200209Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.2023CDSKXYGK011。
文摘In light of growing challenges posed by water pollution,understanding the multifaceted impacts of water quality on economic performance is an imperative for formulating effective policies aimed at sustainable development.Existing studies tend to be constrained by limited local data,and lack a perspective on spatial dynamics and regional variations in water quality effects.This study addresses these gaps by examining the influence of upstream water quality on downstream economic growth in China,utilizing high-resolution panel data.Findings reveal that a 1%increase in upstream biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)concentration reduces downstream economic growth by 0.25% nationally.Regionally,the constraining effect varies significantly,ranging from 0.38% in Southwest China(β=-0.38)to 0.92% in North China(β=-0.92).Notably,even in regions with non-polluted water,upstream water quality deterioration continues to impede downstream economic growth.These findings underscore the critical need to integrate water quality considerations into economic policy frameworks and highlight the importance of coordinated,cross-regional water quality management strategies to foster sustainable economic development.
基金Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research General Project“Study on the Responsibility Sharing Accounting and Accountability Mechanism for Coordinated Air Pollution Control in the Yellow River Basin”Project[Grant No.24YJC630260].
文摘To investigate how spatial heterogeneity affects the so-called“resource curse”in China,we combine a careful selection of indicators with the concept of resource industry spatial agglomeration(RISA)as a proxy for resource abundance and dependency.To address RISA heterogeneity among regions,those lacking a spatial concentration in non-resource industries are excluded from the analysis.We then develop an econometric model of regional economic growth(REG)using RISA.To further investigate the impact mechanisms of RISA and other factors influencing REG,we use the feasible generalized least squares(FGLS)method and the system generalized method of moments(SGMM).Conducting a stepwise regression analysis,we systematically examine the effect of the resource curse at the regional level from a RISA perspective.Our key findings are as follows:①Fifteen provinces in China exhibit RISA,and their level of economic development is significantly lower than that of provinces without a spatial agglomeration of resource industries.②RISA and REG exhibit a“U-shaped”relationship,characterized initially by suppression followed by promotion.③In terms of transmission mechanisms,investments in material and human capital,the degree of openness to foreign trade,and residents’savings rate all suppress RISA,while investments in technological innovation,development of the private economy and the manufacturing industry,and government intervention can promote spatial agglomeration of resource industries.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42293271,42471222)。
文摘In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization,achieving a coordinated relationship between urban construction land expansion(UCLE)and economic growth is essential for sustainable development,especially in developing countries.This study examined the spatiotemporal relationship between UCLE and economic growth in the Yellow River Basin(YRB),China from 2000 to 2020.An extended IPAT(Impact=Population×Affluence×Technology)decoupling framework and the geographical detector model were employed at a 5-km grid scale.Results show that urban construction land(UCL)expanded slowly before 2005,accelerated between 2005 and 2015,and declined thereafter.Since 2015,UCLE in most parts of the YRB has gradually decoupled from economic growth.The geographical detector analysis revealed that economic growth,along with its interactions with natural,locational,and socioeconomic factors,significantly influenced UCLE.Notably,location factors have gained importance since 2015,reducing the role of economic growth as the primary driver of UCLE in the YRB’s lower reaches.Nonetheless,economic growth continues to significantly influence the upper and middle reaches.These findings highlight the need for more precise and differentiated strategies for land utilization and economic growth,tailored to finer spatial scales,to better integrate human-land systems and promote high-quality regional development.
文摘Given the great strides that China＇s education sector has made in recent decades, it can be expected that the overall workforce quality of exiting China＇s labor market in coming one or two decades will be relatively low, while the overall quality of workforce newly entering into China＇s labor market will be high. As the new, bettereducated generation takes over, China＇s workforce quality will be vastly improved. This in turn will promote economic growth. We refer to economic growth arising from improved workforce quality as qualitative demographic dividend. Using the computable general equilibrium （CGE） model, this paper investigates the relationship between workforce quality improvements and economic growth. According to the model＇s results, an improvement in workforce quality will raise the economic growth rate by about two percentage points per annum between 2016 and 2020 and by 10 percentage points cumulatively by 2020. In other words, GDP will be 1.1 times the level of baseline GDP by 2020 due to the improved education levels. Given different production functions across sectors, the improvement of workforce quality will affect different sectors in different ways. On the whole, the improvement of workforce quality is more favorable to the development of capital-intensive sectors and sectors with rapid technology progress. According to this paper, considering the improvement of workforce quality, we cannot conclude that China＇s potential economic growth rate has already begun to decline. Despite diminishing conventional quantitative demographic dividends, China ＂s qualitative demographic dividends will keep rising. Qualitative demographic dividends will further push forward China＇s industrial restructuring and the strategic transition of industrial competitiveness from quantitative to qualitative and from an extensive to an intensive pattern of development.
文摘In order to investigate the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, the relationship between the gross domestic product （GDP） and consumption in China was investigated by the cointegration analysis method. Using the Engle-Granger （EG） test and considering the possibility of structural changes, the impact of external economic shocks on the long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China was analyzed. Analysis results show that without considering structural changes, the EG test cannot detect cointegration in the series subjected to structural changes; in considering structural changes, cointegration is successfully detected by specifying the dummy variable. In addition, the error correction models were constructed in different periods. This study verifies the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, and this relationship has significantly changed in 1989 and 1997, respectively.
文摘This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.
文摘Beginning in 1997, China implemented a six-round campaign to accelerate train service, known as the ＂ China Railway Speed-Up Campaign＇＂ which greatly increased railway capacity and improved the quality of rail facilities. This can be seen as a natural experiment of the effects of improving the quality of transportation infrastructure. Using the Beijing- Guangzhou Line and the Beijing-Shanghai Line as examples, this paper creates city-level panel data for stations along accelerated lines and traditional stations for the years between 1994 and 2006 and systematically examines the campaign＇s effect on economic growth using difference-in-difference （DID） methodology. Our research concludes that railway acceleration has promoted economic growth in cities with stations on upgraded rail lines. Over the entire period of the speed-up campaign, the per capita GDP growth rate has risen by 3.7percentage points in cities with upgraded stations versus cities with traditional stations. Moreover, positive effects on economic growth have been found to increase in later stages of railway upgrades.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11 th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in China(No.NCET-05-0529)
文摘Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to 2003,a spatial production function is applied to examine the spatial spillovers which can be generated as a positive output spillover from the transport infrastructure between neighboring cities.Some spatial weighted matrices are adopted to define different neighboring cities to measure how easily factors or economic activities can migrate between regions.The estimation results show that the output elasticity of the highway infrastructure in 11 cities are all insignificant at a 5% significance level;hence,highway infrastructure in a region cannot explain the same region's economic growth.On the other hand,the highway infrastructure of other contiguous regions has positive spillover effects on a same region's economic growth.
文摘Environmental pollution is deteriorating upon economy growth and will re- strain economy in turn. The research took Jiangxi Province as an example to seek existing problems on eco-environment, analyze causes and propose countermeasure in order to iay foundation for local economy development.
基金This research received financial support from the National Social Science Foundationof China(13AJY004).
文摘Intellectual capital(IC)has become a universal performance indicator for the socioeconomic development of countries and regions.Based on a review ofnational intellectualcapital(NIC)and regional intellectualcapital(RIC)evaluation literature,we used the regional intellectualcapitalindicator(RICI)as a model for China’s RIC evaluation to indirectly understand China’s potential economic growth drivers.Specifically,we collected statisticaldata of31 provinces(including municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2004 to 2016to measure RICI and analyze its dynamic characteristics from temporal and spatial perspectives.In this paper,Delphi analysis was used to construct RICI model,and cluster analysisand exploratory spatial data analysis were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of RICI in China.The results showedthat RICI,which represents China’s overall economic growth drivers,increases annuallyand is consistent with economic developmentlevelduring the study period.Regarding the geo-spatial space,RICI follows the trend of“high in the east and low in the west”,gradually decreasing from eastern to western China.ForRIC structure,the shape of the radar chart of IC structure located in the eastern coastal areas is usually biased towards strong external relational capital,while that in western China is generally biased towards structural capital.For spatial correlation,China’s RICI has dependence on geographical adjacent space and economic space.Our research can provide policy suggestions for the sustainable development of regional economy from an IC perspective.
文摘This paper makes systematic observations of China＇s contributions to global macroeconomic growth and bulk commodity consumption. Our observations suggest that while China＇s economic size is relatively small on a per capita basis, its contributions are large in terms of overall volume; moreover, the economy has experienced tremendous growth. Quantifying these characteristics that are unique to China＇s development creates a realistic background upon which China can re-examine its trade and economic policies and strategic thinking.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China,No.13&ZD027National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41101538
文摘As one of the key issues in China's sustainable development,rapid urbanization and continuous economic growth are accompanied by a steady increase of water consump-tion and a severe urban water crisis.A better understanding of the relationship among ur-banization,economic growth and water use change is necessary for Chinese decision mak-ers at various levels to address the positive and negative effects of urbanization.Thus,we established a complete decomposition model to quantify the driving effects of urbanization on economic growth and water use change for China and its 31 provincial administrative regions during the period of 1997-2011.The results show that,(1)China's urbanization only contrib-uted about 30%of the economic growth.Therefore,such idea as urbanization is the major driving force of economic growth may be weakened.(2)China's urbanization increased 2352×10^8 m3 of water use by increasing the economic aggregate.However,it decreased 4530×10^8 m3 of water use by optimizing the industrial structure and improving the water use efficiency.Therefore,such idea as urbanization is the major driving force of water demand growth may be reacquainted.(3)Urbanization usually made greater contribution to economic and water use growth in the provincial administrative regions in east and central China,which had larger population and economic aggregate and stepped into the accelerating period of urbanization.However,it also made greater contribution to industrial structure optimization and water use efficiency improvement,and then largely decreased total water use.In total,urbanization had negative effects on water use growth in most provincial administrative re-gions in China,and the spatiotemporal differences among them were lessened on the whole.(4)Though urbanization helps to decrease water use for China and most provincial adminis-trative regions,it may cause water crisis in urban built-up areas or urban agglomerations.Therefore,China should construct the water transfer and compensation mechanisms be-tween urban and rural areas,or low and high density urban areas as soon as possible.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.41130748+2 种基金No.41471143Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of ChinaNo.15ZDA021
文摘Elucidating the complex mechanism between urbanization, economic growth, car- bon dioxide emissions is fundamental necessary to inform effective strategies on energy saving and emission reduction in China. Based on a balanced panel data of 31 provinces in China over the period 1997-2010, this study empirically examines the relationships among urbanization, economic growth and carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions at the national and re- gional levels using panel cointegration and vector error correction model and Granger cau- sality tests. Results showed that urbanization, economic growth and CO2 emissions are inte- grated of order one. Urbanization contributes to economic growth, both of which increase CO2 emissions in China and its eastern, central and western regions. The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions in the western region was larger than that in the eastern and central re- gions. But economic growth had a larger impact on CO2 emissions in the eastern region than that in the central and western regions. Panel causality analysis revealed a bidirectional long-run causal relationship among urbanization, economic growth and CO2 emissions, in- dicating that in the long run, urbanization does have a causal effect on economic growth in China, both of which have causal effect on CO2 emissions. At the regional level, we also found a bidirectional long-run causality between land urbanization and economic growth in eastern and central China. These results demonstrated that it might be difficult for China to pursue carbon emissions reduction policy and to control urban expansion without impeding economic growth in the long run. In the short-run, we observed a unidirectional causation running from land urbanization to CO2 emissions and from economic growth to CO2 emissions in the eastern and central regions. Further investigations revealed an inverted N-shaped re- lationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in China, not supporting the envi- ronmental Kuznets curve （EKC） hypothesis. Our empirical findings have an important refer- ence value for policy-makers in formulating effective energy saving and emission reduction strategies for China.
