The Professor's House presents the readers pictures with striking consumer culture characteristics. With abundant goods of sign values, conspicuous consumption, swelling-desire-stimulating power and the individual...The Professor's House presents the readers pictures with striking consumer culture characteristics. With abundant goods of sign values, conspicuous consumption, swelling-desire-stimulating power and the individuals' efforts to construct their identities through consumption as dominant features, consumer culture exerts negative and even devastating effects on the characters in the novel. Theories of ecocriticism shed new lights on the interpretation of consumerism reflected in the novel, especially on analyzing how the consumer culture makes the characters suffer from split personality, alienation from nature, society, and even from themselves and their spiritual ecology.展开更多
Two surveys were conducted to investigate weed vegetation in a 153-hm^2 sampling area of summer crop fields from Anhui Province, China, through visual scoring of the level of weed infestation compared with summer crop...Two surveys were conducted to investigate weed vegetation in a 153-hm^2 sampling area of summer crop fields from Anhui Province, China, through visual scoring of the level of weed infestation compared with summer crops on a seven-class scale. In total, 155 sampling sites were selected in the field based on crops, tillage, rotation systems, geographical regions, and soil types across the province. Data on weed communities and environmental factors were collected and analyzed through principal component analysis （PCA） and canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）, and the output was interpreted ecologically. Results showed that the main factors influencing the structure and distribution of weed communities in summer crop fields were the soil submersion period, latitude, and soil type and pH. The CCA indicated a significant relationship between weed dominance and soil submersion duration, latitude, and soil pH. From the result of the PCA and CCA ordination, the 155 sampling sites could be divided into three groups based on geographic and floristic composition, as well as weed abundance. The southern dry land group, which was characterized by a double-cropping system in the hilly regions of southern and central Anhui Province with a continuous summer crop and an autumn dry land crop, was dominated by Galium aparine Linn. var. tenerum （Gren. et Godr） Robb., Avenafatua L., and Veronica persica Poir. The northern dry land group, which had the same cropping system as the southern dry land group, was dominated by G. aparine var. tenerum, Galium tricorne Stokes, Descurainia sophia （L.） Schur., and Lithospermum arvense L. in the North Anhui Province, China. These two dry land groups could be combined into one large dry land group, in which the Galium weed vegetation type dominated. The third group was the paddy soil group, which was characterized by a continu- ous summer crop and double- or triple-cropping systems of rice, and prevailed in the south and central areas of Anhui Province; Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. was the dominant weed in this group. Other main weeds in this group included Malachium aquaticum （L.） Fries, Stellaria alsine Grimm, Alopecurusjaponicus Steud., and Lapsana apogonoides Maxim. Thus, the weed community distributions in this group were described as the Alopecurus weed vegetation type. The paddy soil group could be divided into two subgroups, one southern and one central paddy soil subgroup. A strategy for integrated weed management is suggested according to the weed distribution pattern. The present study serves as a good example of how a quantitative research method was used to associate a visual estimate of weed infestation with multivariate analyses, such as PCA and CCA, and how this method can be applied to the study of weed vegetation on arable land.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)contains thousands of molecules and is key for biogeochemical cycles in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by interacting with microbes.Over the last decade,the study of DOM has been advan...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)contains thousands of molecules and is key for biogeochemical cycles in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by interacting with microbes.Over the last decade,the study of DOM has been advanced and accelerated with the developments of instrumental and statistical approaches.However,it is still challenging in statistical analyses,data visualization,and theoretical interpretations largely due to the complexity of molecular composition and underlying ecological mechanisms.In this study,we developed an R package iDOM with functions for the basic and advanced statistical analyses and the visualization of DOM derived from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer(FT‐ICR MS).The package could handle various data types of DOM,including molecular compositional data,molecular traits,and uncharacterized molecules(i.e.,dark matter).It could integrate explanatory data,such as environmental and microbial data,to explore the relationships between DOM and abiotic or biotic drivers.To illustrate its use,we presented case studies with an example dataset of DOM and microbial communities under experimental warming.We included case studies of basic functions for the calculation of molecular traits,the assignment of molecular classes,and the compositional analyses of chemical diversity and dissimilarity.We further showed the case studies with advanced functions to quantify DOM assembly processes,assess the effects of dark matter on molecular interactions,analyze the ecological networks between DOM and microbes,and explore their response to warming.The source code and example dataset of iDOM are publicly available on https://github.com/jianjunwang/iDOM.We expect that iDOM will serve as a comprehensive pipeline for DOM statistical analyses and bridge the gap between chemical characterization and ecological interpretation in a theoretical framework.展开更多
文摘The Professor's House presents the readers pictures with striking consumer culture characteristics. With abundant goods of sign values, conspicuous consumption, swelling-desire-stimulating power and the individuals' efforts to construct their identities through consumption as dominant features, consumer culture exerts negative and even devastating effects on the characters in the novel. Theories of ecocriticism shed new lights on the interpretation of consumerism reflected in the novel, especially on analyzing how the consumer culture makes the characters suffer from split personality, alienation from nature, society, and even from themselves and their spiritual ecology.
文摘Two surveys were conducted to investigate weed vegetation in a 153-hm^2 sampling area of summer crop fields from Anhui Province, China, through visual scoring of the level of weed infestation compared with summer crops on a seven-class scale. In total, 155 sampling sites were selected in the field based on crops, tillage, rotation systems, geographical regions, and soil types across the province. Data on weed communities and environmental factors were collected and analyzed through principal component analysis （PCA） and canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）, and the output was interpreted ecologically. Results showed that the main factors influencing the structure and distribution of weed communities in summer crop fields were the soil submersion period, latitude, and soil type and pH. The CCA indicated a significant relationship between weed dominance and soil submersion duration, latitude, and soil pH. From the result of the PCA and CCA ordination, the 155 sampling sites could be divided into three groups based on geographic and floristic composition, as well as weed abundance. The southern dry land group, which was characterized by a double-cropping system in the hilly regions of southern and central Anhui Province with a continuous summer crop and an autumn dry land crop, was dominated by Galium aparine Linn. var. tenerum （Gren. et Godr） Robb., Avenafatua L., and Veronica persica Poir. The northern dry land group, which had the same cropping system as the southern dry land group, was dominated by G. aparine var. tenerum, Galium tricorne Stokes, Descurainia sophia （L.） Schur., and Lithospermum arvense L. in the North Anhui Province, China. These two dry land groups could be combined into one large dry land group, in which the Galium weed vegetation type dominated. The third group was the paddy soil group, which was characterized by a continu- ous summer crop and double- or triple-cropping systems of rice, and prevailed in the south and central areas of Anhui Province; Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. was the dominant weed in this group. Other main weeds in this group included Malachium aquaticum （L.） Fries, Stellaria alsine Grimm, Alopecurusjaponicus Steud., and Lapsana apogonoides Maxim. Thus, the weed community distributions in this group were described as the Alopecurus weed vegetation type. The paddy soil group could be divided into two subgroups, one southern and one central paddy soil subgroup. A strategy for integrated weed management is suggested according to the weed distribution pattern. The present study serves as a good example of how a quantitative research method was used to associate a visual estimate of weed infestation with multivariate analyses, such as PCA and CCA, and how this method can be applied to the study of weed vegetation on arable land.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42225708,U24A20578,42377122,92251304,and 42077052)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BK20240111)+2 种基金the Research Program of Sino‐Africa Joint Research Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences(151542KYSB20210007)Science and Technology Planning Project of NIGLAS(NIGLAS2022GS09)Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security(NKL2023‐QN04).
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)contains thousands of molecules and is key for biogeochemical cycles in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by interacting with microbes.Over the last decade,the study of DOM has been advanced and accelerated with the developments of instrumental and statistical approaches.However,it is still challenging in statistical analyses,data visualization,and theoretical interpretations largely due to the complexity of molecular composition and underlying ecological mechanisms.In this study,we developed an R package iDOM with functions for the basic and advanced statistical analyses and the visualization of DOM derived from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer(FT‐ICR MS).The package could handle various data types of DOM,including molecular compositional data,molecular traits,and uncharacterized molecules(i.e.,dark matter).It could integrate explanatory data,such as environmental and microbial data,to explore the relationships between DOM and abiotic or biotic drivers.To illustrate its use,we presented case studies with an example dataset of DOM and microbial communities under experimental warming.We included case studies of basic functions for the calculation of molecular traits,the assignment of molecular classes,and the compositional analyses of chemical diversity and dissimilarity.We further showed the case studies with advanced functions to quantify DOM assembly processes,assess the effects of dark matter on molecular interactions,analyze the ecological networks between DOM and microbes,and explore their response to warming.The source code and example dataset of iDOM are publicly available on https://github.com/jianjunwang/iDOM.We expect that iDOM will serve as a comprehensive pipeline for DOM statistical analyses and bridge the gap between chemical characterization and ecological interpretation in a theoretical framework.
