Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify...Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.展开更多
This study explores the ecological functions and spatial composition of the water landscape in the traditional Huizhou settlement of Chenggan Village.The analysis reveals how the estuary integrates the functions of wa...This study explores the ecological functions and spatial composition of the water landscape in the traditional Huizhou settlement of Chenggan Village.The analysis reveals how the estuary integrates the functions of water source protection,microclimate regulation,and cultural expression through a complex layout of ponds and Feng Shui forests.It provides important lessons for modern sustainable landscape design and planning.展开更多
Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional ...Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.展开更多
The survival strategy of plants is to adjust their functional traits to adapt to the environment.However,these traits and survival strategies of evergreen broad-leaved forest species are not well understood.This study...The survival strategy of plants is to adjust their functional traits to adapt to the environment.However,these traits and survival strategies of evergreen broad-leaved forest species are not well understood.This study examined 10 leaf functional traits(LFTs)of 70 common plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Huangshan Mountain to decipher their adaptive strategies.The phylogenetic signals of these LFTs were assessed and phylogenetically independent contrasts(PIC)and correlation analyses were carried out.LFTs were analyzed to determine their CSR(C:competitor,S:stress-tolerator,R:ruderal)strategies.The results show that plant species exhibit different leaf functional traits and ecological strategies(nine strategies were identified;the most abundant were S/CS and S/CSR strategies).Some traits showed significant phylogenetic signals,indicating the effect of phylogeny on LFTs to an extent.Trait variations among species suggest distinct adaptation strategies to environmental changes.The study species were mainly clustered on the C-S strategy axis,with a high S component.Species leaning toward the C-strategy end(e.g.,deciduous species),favored a resource acquisition strategy characterized by higher specific leaf area(SLA),greater nutrient contents(N and P),lower leaf dry matter content(LDMC),and reduced nutrient utilization efficiency(C:N and C:P).Conversely,species closer to the S-strategy end(e.g.,evergreen species)usually adopted a resource conservative strategy with trait combinations contrary to those of C-strategy species.Overall,this study corroborated the applicability of the CSR strategy at a local scale and provides insights into the varied trait combinations and ecological strategies employed by plant species to adapt to their environment.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biodiversity maintenance.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)is an important crop and an emerging model plant.Photoperiodic flowering is a key determinant of its production and geographic expansion.In this study,we found that SiPRR37 is responsibl...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)is an important crop and an emerging model plant.Photoperiodic flowering is a key determinant of its production and geographic expansion.In this study,we found that SiPRR37 is responsible for the major quantitative trait locus(QTL)Heading date 2(Hd2)identified in 680 foxtail millets using a genome-wide association study.Overexpression of SiPRR37 in foxtail millet significantly delayed the heading date under both natural long-day and short-day conditions.CRISPR/Cas9-induced Siprr37 mutants exhibited earlier flowering in long-day conditions but later flowering in short-day conditions.The critical day length(CDL)for the reversal of Siprr37’s function was around 14.3 h.Haplotype analysis revealed that accessions with the Tc1-Mariner transposon insertion in SiPRR37(Hap 1)flowered significantly earlier at higher latitudes,and later at lower latitudes,indicating that natural variants of SiPRR37 exert dual functions in flowering regulation according to geographic latitude.The gradual,successive decrease in the frequency of Hap 2 from low to high latitudes,with the concurrent increase of Hap 1,demonstrates that these haplotypes have undergone artificial selection.Further FST analysis demonstrated that SiPRR37 has contributed to the ecological adaption of foxtail millet.Additionally,we reveal that OsPRR37 promotes flowering in rice,while GmPRR37 may only inhibit flowering in soybean.Further diurnal expression and transgenic analyses suggest that the dual function of SiPRR37 might depend on SiHd1.Our study uncovered the distinct functional reversal of SiPRR37 and functional diversification of PRR37 homologs in SD crops.These findings not only enrich knowledge about the regulation of photoperiodic flowering,but also contribute to genetic improvement of crops’regional adaptability.展开更多
This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared ...This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Addressing the widespread issues of internal fragmentation within protected areas and the neglect of surrounding critical habitat networks,this study aims to develop an assessment framework for the precise identificat...Addressing the widespread issues of internal fragmentation within protected areas and the neglect of surrounding critical habitat networks,this study aims to develop an assessment framework for the precise identification and remediation of regional conservation gaps.To this end,we introduce the Framework for Conservation Priority Identification(FCPI).The framework integrates Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA),the Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI),Circuit Theory,and the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model to formulate a multidimensional conservation priority index.This index facilitates the identification of critical ecological network components and enables the dynamic prioritization of conservation efforts.A case study of Fuzhou City from 2014 to 2020 reveals that despite an overall improvement in regional environmental quality,the functionality of core ecological sources has markedly declined.Between 2014 and 2020,the number of ecological sources grew by 76.9%,yet their total area shrank by 13.9%.Concurrently,the number of ecological corridors rose from 27 to 53,extending their total length by 380.23 km,which indicates an intensifying trend of habitat fragmentation.Furthermore,a significant number of crucial ecological network nodes,particularly within Minhou County,lie explicitly outside the existing protected area system.This confirms the presence of conservation gaps and unveils the spatiotemporal dynamics of shifting conservation priorities.The research validates that the proposed FCPI can effectively diagnose the dynamic deficiencies within conservation systems.It offers scientific decisionsupport for local governments,facilitating a transition from isolated conservation efforts towards systematic and comprehensive ecological network governance.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based ...[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based on the demonstration construction project of the ecological ditch-constructed wetland system in the Hetao Irrigation District,an experimental study was conducted from July to September 2023 to investigate the interception and purification effects of ecological ditches,constructed wetlands,and the combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system on farmland drainage pollutants.Key water quality parameters measured included total nitrogen(TN)concentration and total phosphorus(TP)concentration.[Results]Different treatment modes of ecological ditches and constructed wetlands have a certain removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water bodies.The ecological ditches treated with Astragalus laxmannii,Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa,bio-ball substrate,and bio-sheet substrate showed reduction efficiencies for TN and TP of 21.09% and 23.84%,12.06% and 26.67%,20.08% and 34.15%,23.65% and 20.56%,and 19.92% and 25.83%,respectively.The emergent plant area showed reduction efficiencies of 24.28%for TN and 17.89%for TP,while the submerged plant area achieved a reduction efficiency of 10.21%for both TN and TP.Among the different treatment modes,the ecological ditch with M.sativa performed better in TP removal,whereas the bio-ball substrate treatment mode showed higher effectiveness in TN removal.In addition,the emergent plant area exhibited better TP removal performance,while the submerged plant area was more effective in TN removal.The combined system of ecological ditch and constructed wetland achieved removal rates of 37.55% for TN and 11.47% for TP.It effectively facilitates the step-by-step interception and adsorption purification of pollutants,thereby showing significant removal and purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants.This contributes to mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.[Conclusions]The combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system serves dual functions of agricultural drainage and pollutant interception and purification.It reduces the pollution load of farmland drainage on receiving water bodies to some extent and mitigates agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,it is a relatively suitable technology for managing agricultural non-point source pollution in the Hetao Irrigation District.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
Typhoons are strong air–sea interactions that significantly affect the physical and biogeochemical processes of the upper ocean. Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System-Carbon–Silicate–Nitrate Ecosystem coupled...Typhoons are strong air–sea interactions that significantly affect the physical and biogeochemical processes of the upper ocean. Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System-Carbon–Silicate–Nitrate Ecosystem coupled model, the influence of Typhoon Bolaven(2012) on physical and ecological variables in the East China Sea and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that the typhoon induced intense vertical mixing in the upper ocean,leading to sea surface cooling, increased salinity, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton blooms. Conversely, warming,reduced salinity, and decreased nutrient concentrations occurred in the subsurface layer. In the Yangtze River Estuary, the passage of typhoons effectively affected wind and current directions, shaping the dipole distribution patterns of the environmental elements. Diagnostic analysis indicated that tropical cyclone-induced horizontal advection is key in driving changes in both the physical and ecological variables within the estuary region. This study provides novel insights into the physical-ecological coupling processes and driving mechanisms governing oceanic environmental changes during typhoon events, particularly in the waters adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary.展开更多
Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn (C. thalictroides), a fern from the Pteridaceae family, isan edible species that remains largely underutilized, even though it possesses a diverserange of applications. This revi...Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn (C. thalictroides), a fern from the Pteridaceae family, isan edible species that remains largely underutilized, even though it possesses a diverserange of applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of itsgeographical distribution, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical constituents,pharmacological activities, and ecological importance. Various phytochemical analysesidentified the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and fatty acids from C.thalictroides, responsible for its multiple pharmacological properties, including antioxidant,antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anticancer activities. Additionally, itsunique antheridiogen activity makes it a valuable model organism for plant genetics andreproductive studies. This review systematically summarizes the phytopharmacologicalpotential and ecological significance of C. thalictroides. The plant holds promise as a sourceof novel therapeutics and as a sustainable bioresource for pharmaceutical andenvironmental applications.展开更多
Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradat...Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradation has not only reduced the productivity of grassland ecosystems but also severely impacted their ecological functions.A particularly concerning consequence is the threat to biodiversity,as the survival and persistence of endemic,rare,and endangered plant species are at serious risk,thereby diminishing the value of species’genetic resources.Based on the data from multiple sources such as literature reviews,field observations,and national statistics,this study employed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the current status,causes of degradation,and restoration measures for grassland ecosystems in Tajikistan.The results revealed that Tajikistan’s grassland ecosystems support exceptionally high plant species diversity,comprising over 4500 vascular plant species,including nearly 1500 endemic and sub-endemic taxa that constitute a unique genetic reservoir.These ecosystems are experiencing severe degradation,characterized by significantly reduced vegetation cover and declining species richness.Palatable forage species are increasingly being displaced by unpalatable,thorny,and poisonous species.The primary drivers of degradation include excessive grazing pressure,which disrupts plant reproductive cycles and regeneration capacity,habitat fragmentation due to urbanization and infrastructure development,and uncontrolled exploitation of medicinal and edible plants.Climate change,particularly rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns,further exacerbates these anthropogenic pressures.Ecological restoration experiments suggested that both ecosystem productivity and plant species diversity are significantly enhanced by systematic reseeding trials using altitude-adapted native species.These findings underscore the necessity of establishing scientifically grounded approaches for ecological restoration.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access thi...Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.展开更多
Effective management of mining areas in the Luo River Basin,located in the eastern Qinling Mountains,is vital for the integrated protection and restoration needed to support the high-quality development of the Yellow ...Effective management of mining areas in the Luo River Basin,located in the eastern Qinling Mountains,is vital for the integrated protection and restoration needed to support the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Using the‘cupball'model,this study analyzes the limiting factors and restoration characteristics across four mining areas and proposes a conceptual model for selecting appropriate restoration approaches.A second conceptual model is then introduced to address regional development needs,incorporating ecological conservation,safety protection,and people's wellbeing.The applicability of the integrated model selection framework is demonstrated through a case study on the south bank of the Qinglongjian River.The results indicate that:(1)The key limiting factors are similar across cases,but the degree of ecological degradation varies.(2)Mildly degraded areas are represented by a shallower and narrower‘cup',where natural recovery is the preferred approach,whereas moderately and severely degraded systems call for assisted regeneration and ecological reconstruction,respectively.(3)When the restoration models determined based on limiting factors and development needs are consistent,the model is directly applicable;if they differ,the option involving less artificial intervention is preferred;(4)Monitoring of the restored mining area on the Qinglongjian River's south bank confirms significant improvements in soil erosion control and vegetation coverage.This study provides a transferable methodology for balancing resource extraction with ecosystem conservation,offering practical insights for other ecologically vulnerable mining regions.展开更多
BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifyi...BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.展开更多
The promotion of rural revitalization within the ecological conservation areas(“ECAs”) requires a careful balance between ecological protection and economic development and should be guided by the principle of ecolo...The promotion of rural revitalization within the ecological conservation areas(“ECAs”) requires a careful balance between ecological protection and economic development and should be guided by the principle of ecological priority. The cultivation of rural “Local Specialty Products”(“LSPs”) under a green-development framework aligns with the functional positioning of these areas, drives the revitalization of rural industries, and constitutes a fundamental strategy for addressing the unique challenges they face. Although ECAs possess inherent advantages in terms of developing LSPs, they are also confronted by multiple constraints. Accordingly, we propose development objectives that emphasize(a) driving rural industrial prosperity,(b) enhancing the appeal of agricultural heritage, and(c) ensuring inclusive prosperity in the farming communities. In selecting pathways for growth, priority should be given to improving the quality of products, fostering distinctiveness of the technologies, nurturing cultural identities, and upholding the principle of common prosperity. From a policy standpoint, the development of rural LSPs should be recognized as a key lever for advancing the comprehensiveness of rural revitalization in the ECAs. We recommend a set of supportive measures—namely, reinforcing the guidance for spatial planning, integrating the consolidation of factor inputs, and ensuring the robustness of organizational guarantees—to facilitate the high-quality development of LSPs in these areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(32130068,32271634,and 32071597)CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLFES-2025)。
文摘Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.
基金Key Research Project in Humanities and Social Sciences at Anhui Wenda Information Engineering College:‘Inheritance and Innovative Design of Huizhou Cultural Elements in Urban Park Landscape Design’(Project No.:XSK2023A17)Anhui Provincial-Level Quality Engineering Project at Anhui Institutions of Higher Learning:‘Exploration and Practice of Innovative Training Models for Environmental Art Design Majors in the Context of Digital Education Strategies’(Project No.:2023jyxm1274)。
文摘This study explores the ecological functions and spatial composition of the water landscape in the traditional Huizhou settlement of Chenggan Village.The analysis reveals how the estuary integrates the functions of water source protection,microclimate regulation,and cultural expression through a complex layout of ponds and Feng Shui forests.It provides important lessons for modern sustainable landscape design and planning.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661088,32101593,42361028)Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)+1 种基金2024 Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(No.24RWZX007)Graduate Research Fund Project of Guizhou Province(No.2024YJSKYJJ153)。
文摘Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.
基金supported by the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2019FY202300)the Biodiversity Survey,Observation and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment(2110404).
文摘The survival strategy of plants is to adjust their functional traits to adapt to the environment.However,these traits and survival strategies of evergreen broad-leaved forest species are not well understood.This study examined 10 leaf functional traits(LFTs)of 70 common plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Huangshan Mountain to decipher their adaptive strategies.The phylogenetic signals of these LFTs were assessed and phylogenetically independent contrasts(PIC)and correlation analyses were carried out.LFTs were analyzed to determine their CSR(C:competitor,S:stress-tolerator,R:ruderal)strategies.The results show that plant species exhibit different leaf functional traits and ecological strategies(nine strategies were identified;the most abundant were S/CS and S/CSR strategies).Some traits showed significant phylogenetic signals,indicating the effect of phylogeny on LFTs to an extent.Trait variations among species suggest distinct adaptation strategies to environmental changes.The study species were mainly clustered on the C-S strategy axis,with a high S component.Species leaning toward the C-strategy end(e.g.,deciduous species),favored a resource acquisition strategy characterized by higher specific leaf area(SLA),greater nutrient contents(N and P),lower leaf dry matter content(LDMC),and reduced nutrient utilization efficiency(C:N and C:P).Conversely,species closer to the S-strategy end(e.g.,evergreen species)usually adopted a resource conservative strategy with trait combinations contrary to those of C-strategy species.Overall,this study corroborated the applicability of the CSR strategy at a local scale and provides insights into the varied trait combinations and ecological strategies employed by plant species to adapt to their environment.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biodiversity maintenance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101759,32241042)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200700 and 2023YFD1200704).
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)is an important crop and an emerging model plant.Photoperiodic flowering is a key determinant of its production and geographic expansion.In this study,we found that SiPRR37 is responsible for the major quantitative trait locus(QTL)Heading date 2(Hd2)identified in 680 foxtail millets using a genome-wide association study.Overexpression of SiPRR37 in foxtail millet significantly delayed the heading date under both natural long-day and short-day conditions.CRISPR/Cas9-induced Siprr37 mutants exhibited earlier flowering in long-day conditions but later flowering in short-day conditions.The critical day length(CDL)for the reversal of Siprr37’s function was around 14.3 h.Haplotype analysis revealed that accessions with the Tc1-Mariner transposon insertion in SiPRR37(Hap 1)flowered significantly earlier at higher latitudes,and later at lower latitudes,indicating that natural variants of SiPRR37 exert dual functions in flowering regulation according to geographic latitude.The gradual,successive decrease in the frequency of Hap 2 from low to high latitudes,with the concurrent increase of Hap 1,demonstrates that these haplotypes have undergone artificial selection.Further FST analysis demonstrated that SiPRR37 has contributed to the ecological adaption of foxtail millet.Additionally,we reveal that OsPRR37 promotes flowering in rice,while GmPRR37 may only inhibit flowering in soybean.Further diurnal expression and transgenic analyses suggest that the dual function of SiPRR37 might depend on SiHd1.Our study uncovered the distinct functional reversal of SiPRR37 and functional diversification of PRR37 homologs in SD crops.These findings not only enrich knowledge about the regulation of photoperiodic flowering,but also contribute to genetic improvement of crops’regional adaptability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174074)。
文摘This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J01434)the Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KFb22028XA)。
文摘Addressing the widespread issues of internal fragmentation within protected areas and the neglect of surrounding critical habitat networks,this study aims to develop an assessment framework for the precise identification and remediation of regional conservation gaps.To this end,we introduce the Framework for Conservation Priority Identification(FCPI).The framework integrates Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA),the Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI),Circuit Theory,and the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model to formulate a multidimensional conservation priority index.This index facilitates the identification of critical ecological network components and enables the dynamic prioritization of conservation efforts.A case study of Fuzhou City from 2014 to 2020 reveals that despite an overall improvement in regional environmental quality,the functionality of core ecological sources has markedly declined.Between 2014 and 2020,the number of ecological sources grew by 76.9%,yet their total area shrank by 13.9%.Concurrently,the number of ecological corridors rose from 27 to 53,extending their total length by 380.23 km,which indicates an intensifying trend of habitat fragmentation.Furthermore,a significant number of crucial ecological network nodes,particularly within Minhou County,lie explicitly outside the existing protected area system.This confirms the presence of conservation gaps and unveils the spatiotemporal dynamics of shifting conservation priorities.The research validates that the proposed FCPI can effectively diagnose the dynamic deficiencies within conservation systems.It offers scientific decisionsupport for local governments,facilitating a transition from isolated conservation efforts towards systematic and comprehensive ecological network governance.
基金Supported by Special Fund Project for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021CG0013)Bayannur City Science and Technology Plan Project(K202014)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project(2022YFHH0088)Research Special Project of the Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(STAQZX202320).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based on the demonstration construction project of the ecological ditch-constructed wetland system in the Hetao Irrigation District,an experimental study was conducted from July to September 2023 to investigate the interception and purification effects of ecological ditches,constructed wetlands,and the combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system on farmland drainage pollutants.Key water quality parameters measured included total nitrogen(TN)concentration and total phosphorus(TP)concentration.[Results]Different treatment modes of ecological ditches and constructed wetlands have a certain removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water bodies.The ecological ditches treated with Astragalus laxmannii,Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa,bio-ball substrate,and bio-sheet substrate showed reduction efficiencies for TN and TP of 21.09% and 23.84%,12.06% and 26.67%,20.08% and 34.15%,23.65% and 20.56%,and 19.92% and 25.83%,respectively.The emergent plant area showed reduction efficiencies of 24.28%for TN and 17.89%for TP,while the submerged plant area achieved a reduction efficiency of 10.21%for both TN and TP.Among the different treatment modes,the ecological ditch with M.sativa performed better in TP removal,whereas the bio-ball substrate treatment mode showed higher effectiveness in TN removal.In addition,the emergent plant area exhibited better TP removal performance,while the submerged plant area was more effective in TN removal.The combined system of ecological ditch and constructed wetland achieved removal rates of 37.55% for TN and 11.47% for TP.It effectively facilitates the step-by-step interception and adsorption purification of pollutants,thereby showing significant removal and purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants.This contributes to mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.[Conclusions]The combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system serves dual functions of agricultural drainage and pollutant interception and purification.It reduces the pollution load of farmland drainage on receiving water bodies to some extent and mitigates agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,it is a relatively suitable technology for managing agricultural non-point source pollution in the Hetao Irrigation District.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42192552,42475011)。
文摘Typhoons are strong air–sea interactions that significantly affect the physical and biogeochemical processes of the upper ocean. Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System-Carbon–Silicate–Nitrate Ecosystem coupled model, the influence of Typhoon Bolaven(2012) on physical and ecological variables in the East China Sea and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that the typhoon induced intense vertical mixing in the upper ocean,leading to sea surface cooling, increased salinity, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton blooms. Conversely, warming,reduced salinity, and decreased nutrient concentrations occurred in the subsurface layer. In the Yangtze River Estuary, the passage of typhoons effectively affected wind and current directions, shaping the dipole distribution patterns of the environmental elements. Diagnostic analysis indicated that tropical cyclone-induced horizontal advection is key in driving changes in both the physical and ecological variables within the estuary region. This study provides novel insights into the physical-ecological coupling processes and driving mechanisms governing oceanic environmental changes during typhoon events, particularly in the waters adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary.
基金support and library facilities in accomplishing this part of the study.
文摘Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn (C. thalictroides), a fern from the Pteridaceae family, isan edible species that remains largely underutilized, even though it possesses a diverserange of applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of itsgeographical distribution, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical constituents,pharmacological activities, and ecological importance. Various phytochemical analysesidentified the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and fatty acids from C.thalictroides, responsible for its multiple pharmacological properties, including antioxidant,antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anticancer activities. Additionally, itsunique antheridiogen activity makes it a valuable model organism for plant genetics andreproductive studies. This review systematically summarizes the phytopharmacologicalpotential and ecological significance of C. thalictroides. The plant holds promise as a sourceof novel therapeutics and as a sustainable bioresource for pharmaceutical andenvironmental applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFE0103800,2023YFE0102600,2024YFE0214200).
文摘Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradation has not only reduced the productivity of grassland ecosystems but also severely impacted their ecological functions.A particularly concerning consequence is the threat to biodiversity,as the survival and persistence of endemic,rare,and endangered plant species are at serious risk,thereby diminishing the value of species’genetic resources.Based on the data from multiple sources such as literature reviews,field observations,and national statistics,this study employed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the current status,causes of degradation,and restoration measures for grassland ecosystems in Tajikistan.The results revealed that Tajikistan’s grassland ecosystems support exceptionally high plant species diversity,comprising over 4500 vascular plant species,including nearly 1500 endemic and sub-endemic taxa that constitute a unique genetic reservoir.These ecosystems are experiencing severe degradation,characterized by significantly reduced vegetation cover and declining species richness.Palatable forage species are increasingly being displaced by unpalatable,thorny,and poisonous species.The primary drivers of degradation include excessive grazing pressure,which disrupts plant reproductive cycles and regeneration capacity,habitat fragmentation due to urbanization and infrastructure development,and uncontrolled exploitation of medicinal and edible plants.Climate change,particularly rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns,further exacerbates these anthropogenic pressures.Ecological restoration experiments suggested that both ecosystem productivity and plant species diversity are significantly enhanced by systematic reseeding trials using altitude-adapted native species.These findings underscore the necessity of establishing scientifically grounded approaches for ecological restoration.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
基金support and funding by the European Union-Next Generation EU under the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) National Innovation Ecosystem (No.ECS00000041-VITALITY and also “Ecosistema TECH4YOU-(Spoke 3-Goal 3.5)MUR is thanked for PRIN-PNRR 2022 project "P2022XKWH7-Circular Waste+3 种基金The University of Perugia is acknowledged for financial support to the university project “Fondo Ricerca di Ateneo,edizione 2022”The National Ph D program in Catalysis coordinated by the University of Perugia is also thankedthe financial supports of key research and development and technology transfer projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No.2025KJHZ0008)major special projects of science and technology of Ordos (No.2022EEDSKJZDZX003)。
文摘Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.
基金supported by Special major projects for research and development of Henan Provincial(Science and Technology Research Project)(No.252102321104)Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation,Ministry of Education(24YJCZH410)。
文摘Effective management of mining areas in the Luo River Basin,located in the eastern Qinling Mountains,is vital for the integrated protection and restoration needed to support the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Using the‘cupball'model,this study analyzes the limiting factors and restoration characteristics across four mining areas and proposes a conceptual model for selecting appropriate restoration approaches.A second conceptual model is then introduced to address regional development needs,incorporating ecological conservation,safety protection,and people's wellbeing.The applicability of the integrated model selection framework is demonstrated through a case study on the south bank of the Qinglongjian River.The results indicate that:(1)The key limiting factors are similar across cases,but the degree of ecological degradation varies.(2)Mildly degraded areas are represented by a shallower and narrower‘cup',where natural recovery is the preferred approach,whereas moderately and severely degraded systems call for assisted regeneration and ecological reconstruction,respectively.(3)When the restoration models determined based on limiting factors and development needs are consistent,the model is directly applicable;if they differ,the option involving less artificial intervention is preferred;(4)Monitoring of the restored mining area on the Qinglongjian River's south bank confirms significant improvements in soil erosion control and vegetation coverage.This study provides a transferable methodology for balancing resource extraction with ecosystem conservation,offering practical insights for other ecologically vulnerable mining regions.
文摘BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.
基金a phased research outcome report of the Major Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,“Research on Major Issues in Improving the Mechanisms and Institutions for Integrated Urban-Rural Development”(Project No. 2024YZD008)。
文摘The promotion of rural revitalization within the ecological conservation areas(“ECAs”) requires a careful balance between ecological protection and economic development and should be guided by the principle of ecological priority. The cultivation of rural “Local Specialty Products”(“LSPs”) under a green-development framework aligns with the functional positioning of these areas, drives the revitalization of rural industries, and constitutes a fundamental strategy for addressing the unique challenges they face. Although ECAs possess inherent advantages in terms of developing LSPs, they are also confronted by multiple constraints. Accordingly, we propose development objectives that emphasize(a) driving rural industrial prosperity,(b) enhancing the appeal of agricultural heritage, and(c) ensuring inclusive prosperity in the farming communities. In selecting pathways for growth, priority should be given to improving the quality of products, fostering distinctiveness of the technologies, nurturing cultural identities, and upholding the principle of common prosperity. From a policy standpoint, the development of rural LSPs should be recognized as a key lever for advancing the comprehensiveness of rural revitalization in the ECAs. We recommend a set of supportive measures—namely, reinforcing the guidance for spatial planning, integrating the consolidation of factor inputs, and ensuring the robustness of organizational guarantees—to facilitate the high-quality development of LSPs in these areas.
