Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric...Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric species can reveal the complex nature of noise impacts butis challenging.In this study,we employed social network analysis(SNA)to evaluate how anuran communities and populations vary their calling behaviors in response to aircraft noise.SNA of anuran communities revealed that conspecifc individuals increase the aggregation of theirspectral(i.e.,minimum frequency,maximum frequency,and dominant frequency),temporal(call duration,call rate,and call effort),and overallspectral-temporal features as an airplane passes through.SNA of populations also revealed that anurans could increase the interindividual similarity of multiple call characteristics in response to airplane noise.Furthermore,our network analysis of multiple species and multiple call traitsrevealed an effect of noise in species whose calling behavior did not change in previous separate analyses of each species and single traits.Thisstudy suggests that noise pollution may change the pattern of combined acoustic properties at the community level.Our fndings highlight theimportance of integrated methods and theories for understanding the ecological consequences of noise pollution in future studies.展开更多
Bacterial abundance, phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters were investigated to study the relationships between bacteria and phytoplankton during giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai blooms in t...Bacterial abundance, phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters were investigated to study the relationships between bacteria and phytoplankton during giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai blooms in the central Yellow Sea during 2013. N. nomurai appeared in June, increased in August, reached a peak and began to degrade in September 2013. Results showed that phosphate was possible a key nutrient for both phytoplankton and bacteria in June, but it changed to nitrate in August and September. Phytoplankton composition significantly changed that pico-phytoplankton relative biomass significantly increased, whereas other size phytoplankton significantly decreased during jellyfish bloom. In June, a significantly positive correlation was observed between chlorophyll a concentration and bacterial abundance（r=0.67, P0.001, n=34）.During jellyfish outbreak in August, there was no significant correlation between phytoplankton and bacteria（r=0.11, P0.05, n=25）, but the relationship（r=0.71, P0.001, n=31） was rebuilt with jellyfish degradation in September. In August, small size phytoplankton occupied the mixed layer in offshore stations, while bacteria almost distributed evenly in vertical. Chlorophyll a concentration significantly increased from（0.42±0.056） μg/L in June to（0.74±0.174） μg/L in August, while bacterial abundance just slightly increased. Additionally, the negative net community production indicated that community respiration was not entirely determined by the local primary productivity in August. These results indicated that jellyfish blooms potentially affect coupling of phytoplankton and bacteria in marine ecosystems.展开更多
The Igbos are one of the major tribes of Nigeria. Over the years, their distinct way of living have further accentuated their culture. The paper discusses the Igbo cultural landscape region which comprises of rural au...The Igbos are one of the major tribes of Nigeria. Over the years, their distinct way of living have further accentuated their culture. The paper discusses the Igbo cultural landscape region which comprises of rural autonomous communities made up of clusters of kindred and villages. In spite of the existence of the townships serving as trade, political and administrative centers for more than one century, the rate of urbanization has been very slow thereby affecting the development of the communities physically, economically and socially at astonishing rates consuming farmlands and traditional community boundaries. This paper is aimed at creating awareness on the unique regional growth pattern in Igbo land heavily dependent on cultural and natural heritages for purpose of determining adaptable regional planning strategies for such vibrant cultural region. It has examined the key issues and suggested a way forward to a more sustainable development of the region.展开更多
The escalating ecological consequences of state transitions have attracted significant attention in both theoretical and experimental studies,with a focus on determining the stable or equilibrium points of dynamic sys...The escalating ecological consequences of state transitions have attracted significant attention in both theoretical and experimental studies,with a focus on determining the stable or equilibrium points of dynamic systems[1-5].Identifying equilibrium states not only reveals a system's current status but also offers insights into its evolutionary trajectory under specific environmental conditions[6].展开更多
Transgene escape from genetically modified （GM） rice into weedy rice via gene flow may cause undesired environmental consequences. Estimating the field performance of crop-weed hybrids will facilitate our understand...Transgene escape from genetically modified （GM） rice into weedy rice via gene flow may cause undesired environmental consequences. Estimating the field performance of crop-weed hybrids will facilitate our understanding of potential introgression of crop genes （including transgenes） into weedy rice populations, allowing for effective biosafety assessment. Comparative studies of three weedy rice strains and their hybrids with two GM rice lines containing different insect- resistance transgenes （CpTI or Bt/CpTI） indicated an enhanced relative performance of the crop-weed hybrids, with taller plants, more tillers, panicles, and spikelets per plant, as well as higher 1000-seed weight, compared with the weedy rice parents, although the hybrids produced less filled seeds per plant than their weedy parents. Seeds from the F1 hybrids had higher germination rates and produced more seedlings than the weedy parents, which correlated positively with 1000-seed weight. The crop-weed hybrids demonstrated a generally enhanced relative performance than their weedy rice parents in our field experiments. These findings indicate that transgenes from GM rice can persist to and introgress into weedy rice populations through recurrent crop-to-weed gene flow with the aid of slightly increased relative fitness in F1 hybrids.展开更多
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(32101240)the NaturalScience Foundation of Hainan Province(2019RC175)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Program in Hainan Province(RC2100004064)the Academician working platform project in Hainan Province.
文摘Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric species can reveal the complex nature of noise impacts butis challenging.In this study,we employed social network analysis(SNA)to evaluate how anuran communities and populations vary their calling behaviors in response to aircraft noise.SNA of anuran communities revealed that conspecifc individuals increase the aggregation of theirspectral(i.e.,minimum frequency,maximum frequency,and dominant frequency),temporal(call duration,call rate,and call effort),and overallspectral-temporal features as an airplane passes through.SNA of populations also revealed that anurans could increase the interindividual similarity of multiple call characteristics in response to airplane noise.Furthermore,our network analysis of multiple species and multiple call traitsrevealed an effect of noise in species whose calling behavior did not change in previous separate analyses of each species and single traits.Thisstudy suggests that noise pollution may change the pattern of combined acoustic properties at the community level.Our fndings highlight theimportance of integrated methods and theories for understanding the ecological consequences of noise pollution in future studies.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos U1406403 and 41176112the Chinese Academy of Science Project under contract No.XDA11020103the National Basic Research Program of China under contract No.2011CB403603
文摘Bacterial abundance, phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters were investigated to study the relationships between bacteria and phytoplankton during giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai blooms in the central Yellow Sea during 2013. N. nomurai appeared in June, increased in August, reached a peak and began to degrade in September 2013. Results showed that phosphate was possible a key nutrient for both phytoplankton and bacteria in June, but it changed to nitrate in August and September. Phytoplankton composition significantly changed that pico-phytoplankton relative biomass significantly increased, whereas other size phytoplankton significantly decreased during jellyfish bloom. In June, a significantly positive correlation was observed between chlorophyll a concentration and bacterial abundance（r=0.67, P0.001, n=34）.During jellyfish outbreak in August, there was no significant correlation between phytoplankton and bacteria（r=0.11, P0.05, n=25）, but the relationship（r=0.71, P0.001, n=31） was rebuilt with jellyfish degradation in September. In August, small size phytoplankton occupied the mixed layer in offshore stations, while bacteria almost distributed evenly in vertical. Chlorophyll a concentration significantly increased from（0.42±0.056） μg/L in June to（0.74±0.174） μg/L in August, while bacterial abundance just slightly increased. Additionally, the negative net community production indicated that community respiration was not entirely determined by the local primary productivity in August. These results indicated that jellyfish blooms potentially affect coupling of phytoplankton and bacteria in marine ecosystems.
文摘The Igbos are one of the major tribes of Nigeria. Over the years, their distinct way of living have further accentuated their culture. The paper discusses the Igbo cultural landscape region which comprises of rural autonomous communities made up of clusters of kindred and villages. In spite of the existence of the townships serving as trade, political and administrative centers for more than one century, the rate of urbanization has been very slow thereby affecting the development of the communities physically, economically and socially at astonishing rates consuming farmlands and traditional community boundaries. This paper is aimed at creating awareness on the unique regional growth pattern in Igbo land heavily dependent on cultural and natural heritages for purpose of determining adaptable regional planning strategies for such vibrant cultural region. It has examined the key issues and suggested a way forward to a more sustainable development of the region.
基金supported by the funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42041005 and 32101313)the CAS Strategic Priority Research Programme(A)(XDA20050103)Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100100)。
文摘The escalating ecological consequences of state transitions have attracted significant attention in both theoretical and experimental studies,with a focus on determining the stable or equilibrium points of dynamic systems[1-5].Identifying equilibrium states not only reveals a system's current status but also offers insights into its evolutionary trajectory under specific environmental conditions[6].
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2007CB10920206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30730066 and30871503)
文摘Transgene escape from genetically modified （GM） rice into weedy rice via gene flow may cause undesired environmental consequences. Estimating the field performance of crop-weed hybrids will facilitate our understanding of potential introgression of crop genes （including transgenes） into weedy rice populations, allowing for effective biosafety assessment. Comparative studies of three weedy rice strains and their hybrids with two GM rice lines containing different insect- resistance transgenes （CpTI or Bt/CpTI） indicated an enhanced relative performance of the crop-weed hybrids, with taller plants, more tillers, panicles, and spikelets per plant, as well as higher 1000-seed weight, compared with the weedy rice parents, although the hybrids produced less filled seeds per plant than their weedy parents. Seeds from the F1 hybrids had higher germination rates and produced more seedlings than the weedy parents, which correlated positively with 1000-seed weight. The crop-weed hybrids demonstrated a generally enhanced relative performance than their weedy rice parents in our field experiments. These findings indicate that transgenes from GM rice can persist to and introgress into weedy rice populations through recurrent crop-to-weed gene flow with the aid of slightly increased relative fitness in F1 hybrids.
