In order to extend the eN method to general three-dimensional boundary layers, the conservation law of the imaginary parts for the wave parameters with a fixed wave vector is deduced. The compatibility relationship ...In order to extend the eN method to general three-dimensional boundary layers, the conservation law of the imaginary parts for the wave parameters with a fixed wave vector is deduced. The compatibility relationship （CR） and the general theory of ray tracing （RT）, which have been extensively used in conservative systems, are applied to a general three-dimensional boundary layer belonging to non-conservative systems. Two kinds of eN methods, i.e., the eN-CR method and the eN-RT method, are established. Both the two kinds of methods can wavenumber and the amplitude of the be used to predict the evolutions of the spanwise disturbances in general three-dimensional boundary layers. The reliability of the proposed methods is verified and validated by performing a direct numerical simulation （DNS） in a hypersonic general three-dimensional boundary layer over an aircraft model. The results are also compared with those obtained by other eN methods, indicating that the proposed methods have great potential applications in improving the transition prediction accuracy in general three-dimensional boundary layers.展开更多
Sensor nodes are easily compromised to malicious attackers due to an open environment. A false injected attack which takes place on application layer is elected by the compromised node. If the false report arrives in ...Sensor nodes are easily compromised to malicious attackers due to an open environment. A false injected attack which takes place on application layer is elected by the compromised node. If the false report arrives in a base station, a false alarm is occurred, and the energy of the nodes is consumed. To detect the false report, statistical en-route filtering method is proposed. In this paper, we proposed the secure path cycle selection method using fuzzy rule-based system to consume effective energy. The method makes balanced energy consumption of each node. Moreover, the lifetime of the whole network will be increased. The base station determines the path cycle using the fuzzy rule-based system. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulation studies with the three methods.展开更多
In this study we used the deep eutectic solvents (ionic liquids) to investigate the reaction between copper (II) with ethylene diamine (en). Two of the existing methods for analyzing spectrophotometric measurements ha...In this study we used the deep eutectic solvents (ionic liquids) to investigate the reaction between copper (II) with ethylene diamine (en). Two of the existing methods for analyzing spectrophotometric measurements have been applied for establishing, the stoichiometry and whenever possible, the stability constants of the chelates formed. The method of continuous variations was necessary to determine first whether, the metal ion and the ligand ethylene diamine form one or more than one chelate, when more than one chelate formed, the results obtained depend on the wavelength and for meaningful conclusions the wavelengths were carefully selected. The empirical formulae of the chelates were further substantiated by the molar ratio method. The effect of time and temperature on the formation and stability of these chelates in solution is also studied. The stability constants, K1 and K2 for the copper (II) chelates were calculated, though reliable, and are comparable to literature values.展开更多
建筑遮阳产品自身的热阻以及其与外窗等围护结构之间相对密闭的空气腔体使得遮阳产品能为外窗等围护结构带来附加热阻,进而在某种程度上改善其热工性能。国内对于遮阳产品所产生的附加热阻缺少系统性的研究和数据积累,英国标准和欧洲标...建筑遮阳产品自身的热阻以及其与外窗等围护结构之间相对密闭的空气腔体使得遮阳产品能为外窗等围护结构带来附加热阻,进而在某种程度上改善其热工性能。国内对于遮阳产品所产生的附加热阻缺少系统性的研究和数据积累,英国标准和欧洲标准给出了遮阳产品所产生的附加热阻的理论计算方法,国内建筑遮阳相关标准中尚没有相关内容。本文分析了国外标准BS EN 13125‑2001 Shutters and blinds—Additional thermal resistance—Allocation of a class of air permeability to a product、ISO 10077‑1:2006(E)Thermal performance of windows,doors and shutters—Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1:General中给出的部分附加热阻计算方法并通过试验验证了其结果的准确性。结果表明:国外标准提供的外置遮阳硬卷帘和中置遮阳产品的附加热阻计算方法得出的结果与试验数据具有较高的一致性,验证了其在实际应用中的有效性。展开更多
In this paper, we prove the existence of global classical solutions to time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau（TDGL） equations. By the properties of Besov and Sobolev spaces, together with the energy method, we establish the...In this paper, we prove the existence of global classical solutions to time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau（TDGL） equations. By the properties of Besov and Sobolev spaces, together with the energy method, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to the initial boundary value problem for time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11332007)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.15JCYBJC19500)
文摘In order to extend the eN method to general three-dimensional boundary layers, the conservation law of the imaginary parts for the wave parameters with a fixed wave vector is deduced. The compatibility relationship （CR） and the general theory of ray tracing （RT）, which have been extensively used in conservative systems, are applied to a general three-dimensional boundary layer belonging to non-conservative systems. Two kinds of eN methods, i.e., the eN-CR method and the eN-RT method, are established. Both the two kinds of methods can wavenumber and the amplitude of the be used to predict the evolutions of the spanwise disturbances in general three-dimensional boundary layers. The reliability of the proposed methods is verified and validated by performing a direct numerical simulation （DNS） in a hypersonic general three-dimensional boundary layer over an aircraft model. The results are also compared with those obtained by other eN methods, indicating that the proposed methods have great potential applications in improving the transition prediction accuracy in general three-dimensional boundary layers.
文摘Sensor nodes are easily compromised to malicious attackers due to an open environment. A false injected attack which takes place on application layer is elected by the compromised node. If the false report arrives in a base station, a false alarm is occurred, and the energy of the nodes is consumed. To detect the false report, statistical en-route filtering method is proposed. In this paper, we proposed the secure path cycle selection method using fuzzy rule-based system to consume effective energy. The method makes balanced energy consumption of each node. Moreover, the lifetime of the whole network will be increased. The base station determines the path cycle using the fuzzy rule-based system. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulation studies with the three methods.
文摘In this study we used the deep eutectic solvents (ionic liquids) to investigate the reaction between copper (II) with ethylene diamine (en). Two of the existing methods for analyzing spectrophotometric measurements have been applied for establishing, the stoichiometry and whenever possible, the stability constants of the chelates formed. The method of continuous variations was necessary to determine first whether, the metal ion and the ligand ethylene diamine form one or more than one chelate, when more than one chelate formed, the results obtained depend on the wavelength and for meaningful conclusions the wavelengths were carefully selected. The empirical formulae of the chelates were further substantiated by the molar ratio method. The effect of time and temperature on the formation and stability of these chelates in solution is also studied. The stability constants, K1 and K2 for the copper (II) chelates were calculated, though reliable, and are comparable to literature values.
文摘建筑遮阳产品自身的热阻以及其与外窗等围护结构之间相对密闭的空气腔体使得遮阳产品能为外窗等围护结构带来附加热阻,进而在某种程度上改善其热工性能。国内对于遮阳产品所产生的附加热阻缺少系统性的研究和数据积累,英国标准和欧洲标准给出了遮阳产品所产生的附加热阻的理论计算方法,国内建筑遮阳相关标准中尚没有相关内容。本文分析了国外标准BS EN 13125‑2001 Shutters and blinds—Additional thermal resistance—Allocation of a class of air permeability to a product、ISO 10077‑1:2006(E)Thermal performance of windows,doors and shutters—Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1:General中给出的部分附加热阻计算方法并通过试验验证了其结果的准确性。结果表明:国外标准提供的外置遮阳硬卷帘和中置遮阳产品的附加热阻计算方法得出的结果与试验数据具有较高的一致性,验证了其在实际应用中的有效性。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11201415,11571159)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University(JA14191)
文摘In this paper, we prove the existence of global classical solutions to time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau（TDGL） equations. By the properties of Besov and Sobolev spaces, together with the energy method, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to the initial boundary value problem for time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.
