Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)provides a powerful tool for investigating complicated fluid flows.This paper aims to study the applicability of CFD in the preliminary design of linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dam...Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)provides a powerful tool for investigating complicated fluid flows.This paper aims to study the applicability of CFD in the preliminary design of linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers.Two fluid viscous dampers were designed based on CFD models.The first device was a linear viscous damper with straight orifices.The second was a nonlinear viscous damper containing a one-way pressure-responsive valve inside its orifices.Both dampers were detailed based on CFD simulations,and their internal fluid flows were investigated.Full-scale specimens of both dampers were manufactured and tested under dynamic loads.According to the tests results,both dampers demonstrate stable cyclic behaviors,and as expected,the nonlinear damper generally tends to dissipate more energy compared to its linear counterpart.Good compatibility was achieved between the experimentally measured damper force-velocity curves and those estimated from CFD analyses.Using a thermography camera,a rise in temperature of the dampers was measured during the tests.It was found that output force of the manufactured devices was virtually independent of temperature even during long duration loadings.Accordingly,temperature dependence can be ignored in CFD models,because a reliable temperature compensator mechanism was used(or intended to be used)by the damper manufacturer.展开更多
For real-time dynamic substructure testing(RTDST),the influence of the inertia force of fluid specimens on the stability and accuracy of the integration algorithms has never been investigated.Therefore,this study prop...For real-time dynamic substructure testing(RTDST),the influence of the inertia force of fluid specimens on the stability and accuracy of the integration algorithms has never been investigated.Therefore,this study proposes to investigate the stability and accuracy of the central difference method(CDM)for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient.First,the theory of the CDM for RTDST is presented.Next,the stability and accuracy of the CDM for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient are investigated.Finally,numerical simulations and experimental tests are conducted for verifying the effectiveness of the method.The study indicates that the stability of the algorithm is affected by the mass participation coefficient of the specimen,and the stability limit first increases and then decreases as the mass participation coefficient increases.In most cases,the mass participation coefficient will increase the stability limit of the algorithm,but in specific circumstances,the algorithm may lose its stability.The stability and accuracy of the CDM considering the mass participation coefficient are verified by numerical simulations and experimental tests on a three-story frame structure with a tuned liquid damper.展开更多
Method of testing for dynamic output forces from jet elements is studied, the handwidth is large in testing with this method. By establishing a model of the test system and simulating it, principles of how inherent fe...Method of testing for dynamic output forces from jet elements is studied, the handwidth is large in testing with this method. By establishing a model of the test system and simulating it, principles of how inherent features of the test system affect the dynamic force test are found out. Thus a theoretical foundation is given for the design and error modification to the actual test system.展开更多
Dynamic compression experiments were conducted on red sandstone utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)to study the loading rate and high temperatures on their mechanically deformed properties and ultimate fail...Dynamic compression experiments were conducted on red sandstone utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)to study the loading rate and high temperatures on their mechanically deformed properties and ultimate failure modes,and to analyze the correlation between the strain rate,temperature,peak strength,and ultimate failure modes.The results show that the mass decreases with the increase of treatment temperature,and the pattern of the stress−strain curves is not impacted by the increase of impact velocity.Under a fixed temperature,the higher the impact velocity,the higher the strain rate and dynamical compression strength,indicating a strain rate hardening effect for red sandstone.With an increasing treatment temperature,the strain rate gradually increases when the impact loading remains unchanged,suggesting a rise in the deformability of red sandstone under high-temperature environment.Raise in both impact velocity and treatment temperature leads to an intensification of the damage features of the red sandstone.Similarly,higher strain rates lead to the intensification of the final damage mode of red sandstone regardless of the change in treatment temperature.Moreover,a dynamic damage constitutive model that considers the impacts of strain rate and temperature is proposed based on experimental results.展开更多
This work examines the impact of incorporating the physiological conditions of human cancellous bone,by integrating similar porosity of porous Fe with the cancellous bone under dynamic immersion test.All of the porous...This work examines the impact of incorporating the physiological conditions of human cancellous bone,by integrating similar porosity of porous Fe with the cancellous bone under dynamic immersion test.All of the porous Fe specimens with~80%porosity were immersed in Simulated Body Fluid(SBF)with a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min integrated with cancellous bone for 7,14 and 28 days.Porous Fe with the lowest surface area has the highest degradation rate despite having the lowest relative weight loss.The relationship between fluid induced shear stress and weight loss of specimens have been established.展开更多
Long-term cyclic train loading can cause settlement and deformation of the roadbed,affecting the normal operation of trains.In order to investigate the strain pattern of reinforced sandy soil under train loading,a ser...Long-term cyclic train loading can cause settlement and deformation of the roadbed,affecting the normal operation of trains.In order to investigate the strain pattern of reinforced sandy soil under train loading,a series of dynamic triaxial tests were carried out using multi-stage loading,focusing on the effects of the number of reinforcement layers,the confining pressure,and the mesh size of the geogrid on the accumulated plastic strain of reinforced sandy soil.Moreover,prediction models were proposed.The test results show that:1)The cumulative plastic strain versus vibration times of the specimens under different reinforcement layers exhibited three stages,namely,the rapid development stage,the rate transformation stage and the stability stage;2)The cumulative plastic strain decreases with increasing the number of reinforcement layers,but the magnitude of the effect of reinforcement on the cumulative plastic strain decreases with increasing the number of reinforcement layers,increasing the perimeter pressure and decreasing the mesh size of the geogrid have similar effects on the cumulative plastic strain pattern as increasing the number of reinforcement layers;3)Combined with the cumulative plastic strain law,a comprehensive model is proposed and the coefficient of determination is greater than 0.99.Furthermore,The cumulative plastic strain evolution law can be effectively predicted.The significance of parameters A,B and C is analyzed in detail.This study can provide theoretical references for further understanding of the deformation characteristics and settlement prediction of railway subgrades.展开更多
The influence of FT(freeze-thaw)cycles and average strain rate on the dynamic impact performance,energy evolution characteristics,and failure behavior of sandstone was studied through dynamic impact tests.Results disp...The influence of FT(freeze-thaw)cycles and average strain rate on the dynamic impact performance,energy evolution characteristics,and failure behavior of sandstone was studied through dynamic impact tests.Results displayed that the FT damage process of samples can be divided into three stages based on the changes in weight,porosity,and P-wave velocity.The dynamic peak strength,dynamic elastic modulus,and strength ratio decreased with increasing FT cycles,and increased with increasing average strain rate.Moreover,the average strain rate reduced the influence of FT cycles on dynamic peak strength.In general,the incident energy,reflected energy and dissipated energy increased with increasing average strain rate,the transmitted energy was negligibly affected by the average strain rate,and the energy dissipation ratio decreased with increasing average strain rate.In addition,the influence of FT cycles on each type of energy and energy dissipation ratio during sample failure was smaller than that of average strain rate.The average size of fragments can accurately demonstrate the impact of FT damage and average strain rate on dynamic peak strength and failure mode,and quantitatively evaluate the sample’s fragmentation degree.Fractal dimension varies with FT cycles and average strain rate,and the threshold is between 148.30 and 242.57 s^(-1).If the average strain rate is in the threshold range,the relationship between the fractal dimension and dynamic peak strength is more regular,otherwise,it will become complicated.The results reveal the dynamic failure mechanism of white sandstone samples,providing assistance for dynamic rock-breaking and disaster prevention in cold regions.展开更多
This study systematically investigated the coupling effects of confiningpressure and strain rate on the dynamic strength of granite through dynamic triaxial compression tests.A dynamic strength criterion was developed...This study systematically investigated the coupling effects of confiningpressure and strain rate on the dynamic strength of granite through dynamic triaxial compression tests.A dynamic strength criterion was developed to incorporate these coupling effects for further analysis.Moreover,the research thoroughly revealed the underlying mechanism by which these coupling effects influencethe rock strength.The results revealed that both confiningpressure and strain rate significantly enhanced the dynamic strength of rock;however,a mutual inhibition effect emerged under their coupling.Specifically,as the confiningpressure increased,the strengthening effect of strain rate gradually diminished.Conversely,increasing the strain rate weakened the strengthening effect of confiningpressure.The proposed strength criterion successfully predicted rock strength under various confiningpressures(0-225 MPa)and strain rates(10^(-6)-600 s^(-1)).It achieved an average prediction error of only 8.3%,which represents a 65%improvement in accuracy compared to models that consider confiningpressure and strain rate effects independently.At the micro-mechanism level,increasing confiningpressure and strain rate promoted crack propagation in a transgranular(TG)mode,thereby enhancing the overall rock strength.However,under the coupling effects,the interference and interaction of TG cracks weakened the overall strengthening effect.This indicated that the competitive interaction between confiningpressure and strain rate during crack propagation constitutes the intrinsic mechanism underlying their mutual inhibitory effect on rock strength.This study provides a more accurate theoretical basis for understanding the dynamic responses of rocks and contributes valuable insights for disaster prevention and control in deep rock engineering projects.展开更多
To satisfy the validation requirements of flight control law for advanced aircraft,a wind tunnel based virtual flight testing has been implemented in a low speed wind tunnel.A 3-degree-offreedom gimbal,ventrally insta...To satisfy the validation requirements of flight control law for advanced aircraft,a wind tunnel based virtual flight testing has been implemented in a low speed wind tunnel.A 3-degree-offreedom gimbal,ventrally installed in the model,was used in conjunction with an actively controlled dynamically similar model of aircraft,which was equipped with the inertial measurement unit,attitude and heading reference system,embedded computer and servo-actuators.The model,which could be rotated around its center of gravity freely by the aerodynamic moments,together with the flow field,operator and real time control system made up the closed-loop testing circuit.The model is statically unstable in longitudinal direction,and it can fly stably in wind tunnel with the function of control augmentation of the flight control laws.The experimental results indicate that the model responds well to the operator＇s instructions.The response of the model in the tests shows reasonable agreement with the simulation results.The difference of response of angle of attack is less than 0.5°.The effect of stability augmentation and attitude control law was validated in the test,meanwhile the feasibility of virtual flight test technique treated as preliminary evaluation tool for advanced flight vehicle configuration research was also verified.展开更多
It is well-recognized that a transfer system response delay that reduces the test stability inevitably exists in real-time dynamic hybrid testing （RTDHT）. This paper focuses on the delay-dependent stability and adde...It is well-recognized that a transfer system response delay that reduces the test stability inevitably exists in real-time dynamic hybrid testing （RTDHT）. This paper focuses on the delay-dependent stability and added damping of SDOF systems in RTDHT. The exponential delay term is transferred into a rational fraction by the Pad6 approximation, and the delay-dependent stability conditions and instability mechanism of SDOF RTDHT systems are investigated by the root locus technique. First, the stability conditions are discussed separately for the cases of stiffness, mass, and damping experimental substructure. The use of root locus plots shows that the added damping effect and instability mechanism for mass are different from those for stiffness. For the stiffness experimental substructure case, the instability results from the inherent mode because of an obvious negative damping effect of the delay. For the mass case, the delay introduces an equivalent positive damping into the inherent mode, and instability occurs at an added high frequency mode. Then, the compound stability condition is investigated for a general case and the results show that the mass ratio may have both upper and lower limits to remain stable. Finally, a high-emulational virtual shaking table model is built to validate the stability conclusions.展开更多
A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element （FE） numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response anal...A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element （FE） numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response analysis and signal generation tasks, and executed in two different target computers in real-time. One target computer implements the response analysis task, wherein a large time-step is used to solve the FE substructure, and another target computer implements the signal generation task, wherein an interpolation program is used to generate control signals in a small time-step to meet the input demand of the controller. By using this strategy, the scale of the FE numerical substructure simulation may be increased significantly. The proposed scheme is initially verified by two FE numerical substructure models with 98 and 1240 degrees of freedom （DOFs）. Thereafter, RTDHTs of a single frame-foundation structure are implemented where the foundation, considered as the numerical substructure, is simulated by the FE model with 1240 DOFs. Good agreements between the results of the RTDHT and those from the FE analysis in ABAQUS are obtained.展开更多
Dynamic visual acuity test(DVAT)plays a key role in the assessment of vestibular function,the visual function of athletes,as well as various ocular diseases.As the visual pathways conducting dynamic and static signals...Dynamic visual acuity test(DVAT)plays a key role in the assessment of vestibular function,the visual function of athletes,as well as various ocular diseases.As the visual pathways conducting dynamic and static signals are different,DVATs may have potential advantages over the traditional visual acuity tests commonly used,such as static visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,and static perimetry.Here,we provide a review of commonly applied DVATs and their several uses in clinical ophthalmology.These data indicate that the DVAT has its unique clinical significance in the evaluation of several ocular disorders.展开更多
China’s high-speed railways are always facing the potential damage risk induced by strong earthquakes.And the route design concept of“using bridge instead of embankment”has also greatly increased the probability of...China’s high-speed railways are always facing the potential damage risk induced by strong earthquakes.And the route design concept of“using bridge instead of embankment”has also greatly increased the probability of high speed trains moving on bridges when a strong earthquake happens.In the past decades,a bunch of theoretical and numerical studies have been conducted in the seismic dynamic field of high-speed railway.However,the effective dynamic test system for verifying the given method and theoretical results is still lacking.Therefore,a novel dynamic test system(DTS)consisting of a shaking table array and a train-pass-bridge reduced-scale model is proposed in this paper.Through some crucial technical problems discussion,the effectiveness of similar design scheme and the feasibility of reduced-scale DTS are elaborated,and then the detailed DTS structures are given and displayed as part-by-part.On this basis,the demonstration tests are conducted and compared with the numerical simulation.The results show that the proposed DTS is accurate and effective.Therefore,the DTS can provide a new physical simulation approach to study the high-speed train’s running safety on bridges under earthquakes and can also provide a reference for the construction of related systems.展开更多
Testing is the premise and foundation of realizing equipment health management （EHM）. To address the problem that the static periodic test strategy may cause deficient test or excessive test, a dynamic sequential te...Testing is the premise and foundation of realizing equipment health management （EHM）. To address the problem that the static periodic test strategy may cause deficient test or excessive test, a dynamic sequential test strategy （DSTS） for EHM is presented. Considering the situation that equipment health state is not completely observable in reality, a DSTS optimization method based on partially observable semi-Markov decision pro- cess （POSMDP） is proposed. Firstly, an equipment health state degradation model is constructed by Markov process, and the control limit maintenance policy is also introduced. Secondly, POSMDP is formulated in great detail. And then, POSMDP is converted to completely observable belief semi-Markov decision process （BSMDP） through belief state. The optimal equation and the corresponding optimal DSTS, which minimize the long-run ex- pected average cost per unit time, are obtained with BSMDP. The results of application in complex equipment show that the proposed DSTS is feasible and effective.展开更多
Modem dynamic tests such as networked collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing （PDT） provide new tools to study the dynamic performance of large and complex structures. In this paper, several networked collaborative PDT...Modem dynamic tests such as networked collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing （PDT） provide new tools to study the dynamic performance of large and complex structures. In this paper, several networked collaborative PDT systems established in China and abroad are introduced, including a detailed description of the first networked collaborative platform that involved the construction of a standardized demonstration procedure for networked collaborative PDT. The example is a multi-span bridge with RC piers retrofitted by FRP, and a networked structural laboratory （NetSLab） platform is used to link distributed laboratories located at several universities together. Substructure technology is also used in the testing. The characteristics, resource sharing and collaborative work of NetSLab are described, and the results illustrate that use of the NetSLab is feasible for studying the dynamic performance of multi-span bridge structures.展开更多
Impact drop tests are routinely used to examine the dynamic performance of rockbolts.Numerous impact tests have been carried out in the past decades on independently designed,constructed and operated testing rigs.Each...Impact drop tests are routinely used to examine the dynamic performance of rockbolts.Numerous impact tests have been carried out in the past decades on independently designed,constructed and operated testing rigs.Each laboratory has developed testing procedures;thus,the results are often reported in different ways by various laboratories.The inconsistency in testing procedures and reporting formats presents a challenge when comparing results from different laboratories.A series of impact tests of identical rockbolts was carried out using the direct impact method(i.e.the mass free-fall method)on the rigs in four laboratories in different countries.The purpose of these tests was to investigate the level of consistency in the results from the four rigs.Each rig demonstrated a high level of repeatability,but differences existed between the various rigs.The differences would suggest that there is noticeable equipment-dependent bias when test results obtained from different laboratories are compared.It was also observed that the energy dissipated for the plastic displacement of the bolt was smaller than the impact energy in the tests.The average impact load(AIL)and the ultimate plastic displacement(D)of the bolt describe the ultimate dynamic performance of the bolt.In the case where the bolt does not rupture,the specific plastic energy(SPE)is an appropriate parameter in describing the impact performance of the bolt.Two other relevant parameters are the first peak load(FPL)and the initial stiffness(K)of the bolt sample.The information from this test series will guide the formulation of standardised testing procedures for dynamic impact tests of rockbolts.展开更多
Based on three kinds of dynamic test of MEMS, a dynamic system for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope based on high speed photography is introduced. Firstly, the architecture of the system hardware is intr...Based on three kinds of dynamic test of MEMS, a dynamic system for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope based on high speed photography is introduced. Firstly, the architecture of the system hardware is introduced. Secondly, the image tracking performance is compared by the test using the template matching algorithm, the mean shift algorithm and the SURF algorithm. The vibration curve shows that high speed photograph combined with SURF algorithm is faster, more ac- curate, and more suitable for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope. After the frequency a- nalysis and related interpolation, more characteristics of micro gyroscope can be obtained.展开更多
An in-situ test of bore pressure on a sheet-pile groin is carried out to investigate the characteristics of the bore pressure of fide in the Qian-tang River. The histories of bore pressure and the rule of the distribu...An in-situ test of bore pressure on a sheet-pile groin is carried out to investigate the characteristics of the bore pressure of fide in the Qian-tang River. The histories of bore pressure and the rule of the distribution of bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin are obtained through the test, which shows that the bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin are varies with time and space. The peak value of bore pressure on sheet-pile groin at different heights occurs almost at the same time. vertical distribution of bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin is linear above the still water level. The maximum bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin occurs at the still water level. Then a numerical method is also used to further study the characteristics of bore pressure. The standard k - ε turbulence model and VOF （volume of fluid） method for surface tracking are used to simulate the bore against the sheet-pile groin. The numerical results show flow fields, the position of free surface and time history and spatial distribution of bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin. The numerical and test resuits show good agreement.展开更多
Stress waves propagate along vertical,radial and circumferential directions when a non-uniformly distributed load is applied at one end of a three-dimensional shaft.As a result,the receiving signals are usually mixed ...Stress waves propagate along vertical,radial and circumferential directions when a non-uniformly distributed load is applied at one end of a three-dimensional shaft.As a result,the receiving signals are usually mixed with undesired interference components,often featuring as high-frequency fluctuations.Previous studies have revealed that sectional geometry(shape and size)greatly affects the high-frequency interference.In this study,low strain dynamic testing on full-scale X-section concrete is conducted in order to investigate the influences of high-frequency interference on velocity responses at the pile head.Emphasis is placed on the frequency and peak value of interference waves at various receiving points.Additionally,the effects of the geometrical,and mechanical properties of the pile shaft on high-frequency interference are elaborated on through the three-dimensional finite element method.The results show that the measured wave is obscured by interference waves superposed by two types of high-frequency components.The modulus and cross-sectional area are contributing factors to the frequency and peak value of the interference waves.On the other hand,the position with the least interference is determined,to some extent,by the accurate shape of the X-section.展开更多
In this article,dynamic method and static method of testing Poisson's ratio of OSB(Oriented Strand Board)were proposed.Through modal and static numerical analyses,the position where the transverse stress is equal ...In this article,dynamic method and static method of testing Poisson's ratio of OSB(Oriented Strand Board)were proposed.Through modal and static numerical analyses,the position where the transverse stress is equal to zero was determined.The binary linear regression method was applied to express the gluing position of the strain gauge as a relational express ion that depended on the length-width ratio and width-thickness ratio of the canti-lever plate.Then the longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios of OSB were mea sured by the given dynamic and static methods.In addition,the test results of OSB Poisson's ratio were analyzed with the probability distribution of random variables.The results showed that using the proposed dynamic method and static method,the test results for longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios of OSB were quite consistent,despite the gluing position of the strain gauges being different.And these OSB Poisson's ratios were accorded with that obtained by the axial tensile method and the four-point bending method.OSB longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios followed Weibull distribution.展开更多
文摘Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)provides a powerful tool for investigating complicated fluid flows.This paper aims to study the applicability of CFD in the preliminary design of linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers.Two fluid viscous dampers were designed based on CFD models.The first device was a linear viscous damper with straight orifices.The second was a nonlinear viscous damper containing a one-way pressure-responsive valve inside its orifices.Both dampers were detailed based on CFD simulations,and their internal fluid flows were investigated.Full-scale specimens of both dampers were manufactured and tested under dynamic loads.According to the tests results,both dampers demonstrate stable cyclic behaviors,and as expected,the nonlinear damper generally tends to dissipate more energy compared to its linear counterpart.Good compatibility was achieved between the experimentally measured damper force-velocity curves and those estimated from CFD analyses.Using a thermography camera,a rise in temperature of the dampers was measured during the tests.It was found that output force of the manufactured devices was virtually independent of temperature even during long duration loadings.Accordingly,temperature dependence can be ignored in CFD models,because a reliable temperature compensator mechanism was used(or intended to be used)by the damper manufacturer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51978213 and 51778190the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2017YFC0703605 and 2016YFC0701106。
文摘For real-time dynamic substructure testing(RTDST),the influence of the inertia force of fluid specimens on the stability and accuracy of the integration algorithms has never been investigated.Therefore,this study proposes to investigate the stability and accuracy of the central difference method(CDM)for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient.First,the theory of the CDM for RTDST is presented.Next,the stability and accuracy of the CDM for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient are investigated.Finally,numerical simulations and experimental tests are conducted for verifying the effectiveness of the method.The study indicates that the stability of the algorithm is affected by the mass participation coefficient of the specimen,and the stability limit first increases and then decreases as the mass participation coefficient increases.In most cases,the mass participation coefficient will increase the stability limit of the algorithm,but in specific circumstances,the algorithm may lose its stability.The stability and accuracy of the CDM considering the mass participation coefficient are verified by numerical simulations and experimental tests on a three-story frame structure with a tuned liquid damper.
文摘Method of testing for dynamic output forces from jet elements is studied, the handwidth is large in testing with this method. By establishing a model of the test system and simulating it, principles of how inherent features of the test system affect the dynamic force test are found out. Thus a theoretical foundation is given for the design and error modification to the actual test system.
基金Project(BZ2024023)supported by the Jiangsu Province International Collaboration Program-Key National Industrial Technology Research and Development Cooperation,China。
文摘Dynamic compression experiments were conducted on red sandstone utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)to study the loading rate and high temperatures on their mechanically deformed properties and ultimate failure modes,and to analyze the correlation between the strain rate,temperature,peak strength,and ultimate failure modes.The results show that the mass decreases with the increase of treatment temperature,and the pattern of the stress−strain curves is not impacted by the increase of impact velocity.Under a fixed temperature,the higher the impact velocity,the higher the strain rate and dynamical compression strength,indicating a strain rate hardening effect for red sandstone.With an increasing treatment temperature,the strain rate gradually increases when the impact loading remains unchanged,suggesting a rise in the deformability of red sandstone under high-temperature environment.Raise in both impact velocity and treatment temperature leads to an intensification of the damage features of the red sandstone.Similarly,higher strain rates lead to the intensification of the final damage mode of red sandstone regardless of the change in treatment temperature.Moreover,a dynamic damage constitutive model that considers the impacts of strain rate and temperature is proposed based on experimental results.
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2018/TK03/UTM/02/8).
文摘This work examines the impact of incorporating the physiological conditions of human cancellous bone,by integrating similar porosity of porous Fe with the cancellous bone under dynamic immersion test.All of the porous Fe specimens with~80%porosity were immersed in Simulated Body Fluid(SBF)with a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min integrated with cancellous bone for 7,14 and 28 days.Porous Fe with the lowest surface area has the highest degradation rate despite having the lowest relative weight loss.The relationship between fluid induced shear stress and weight loss of specimens have been established.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42077249)Innovation an Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Hefei University of Technology(Grant Nos.S202410359131 and X202410359244).
文摘Long-term cyclic train loading can cause settlement and deformation of the roadbed,affecting the normal operation of trains.In order to investigate the strain pattern of reinforced sandy soil under train loading,a series of dynamic triaxial tests were carried out using multi-stage loading,focusing on the effects of the number of reinforcement layers,the confining pressure,and the mesh size of the geogrid on the accumulated plastic strain of reinforced sandy soil.Moreover,prediction models were proposed.The test results show that:1)The cumulative plastic strain versus vibration times of the specimens under different reinforcement layers exhibited three stages,namely,the rapid development stage,the rate transformation stage and the stability stage;2)The cumulative plastic strain decreases with increasing the number of reinforcement layers,but the magnitude of the effect of reinforcement on the cumulative plastic strain decreases with increasing the number of reinforcement layers,increasing the perimeter pressure and decreasing the mesh size of the geogrid have similar effects on the cumulative plastic strain pattern as increasing the number of reinforcement layers;3)Combined with the cumulative plastic strain law,a comprehensive model is proposed and the coefficient of determination is greater than 0.99.Furthermore,The cumulative plastic strain evolution law can be effectively predicted.The significance of parameters A,B and C is analyzed in detail.This study can provide theoretical references for further understanding of the deformation characteristics and settlement prediction of railway subgrades.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174088,42277154)the Independent Innovation Research Fund Graduate Free Exploration Project for the Wuhan University of Technology(No.104972024JYS0007)。
文摘The influence of FT(freeze-thaw)cycles and average strain rate on the dynamic impact performance,energy evolution characteristics,and failure behavior of sandstone was studied through dynamic impact tests.Results displayed that the FT damage process of samples can be divided into three stages based on the changes in weight,porosity,and P-wave velocity.The dynamic peak strength,dynamic elastic modulus,and strength ratio decreased with increasing FT cycles,and increased with increasing average strain rate.Moreover,the average strain rate reduced the influence of FT cycles on dynamic peak strength.In general,the incident energy,reflected energy and dissipated energy increased with increasing average strain rate,the transmitted energy was negligibly affected by the average strain rate,and the energy dissipation ratio decreased with increasing average strain rate.In addition,the influence of FT cycles on each type of energy and energy dissipation ratio during sample failure was smaller than that of average strain rate.The average size of fragments can accurately demonstrate the impact of FT damage and average strain rate on dynamic peak strength and failure mode,and quantitatively evaluate the sample’s fragmentation degree.Fractal dimension varies with FT cycles and average strain rate,and the threshold is between 148.30 and 242.57 s^(-1).If the average strain rate is in the threshold range,the relationship between the fractal dimension and dynamic peak strength is more regular,otherwise,it will become complicated.The results reveal the dynamic failure mechanism of white sandstone samples,providing assistance for dynamic rock-breaking and disaster prevention in cold regions.
基金financiallysupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42577209)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20241489)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SKLGME023009).
文摘This study systematically investigated the coupling effects of confiningpressure and strain rate on the dynamic strength of granite through dynamic triaxial compression tests.A dynamic strength criterion was developed to incorporate these coupling effects for further analysis.Moreover,the research thoroughly revealed the underlying mechanism by which these coupling effects influencethe rock strength.The results revealed that both confiningpressure and strain rate significantly enhanced the dynamic strength of rock;however,a mutual inhibition effect emerged under their coupling.Specifically,as the confiningpressure increased,the strengthening effect of strain rate gradually diminished.Conversely,increasing the strain rate weakened the strengthening effect of confiningpressure.The proposed strength criterion successfully predicted rock strength under various confiningpressures(0-225 MPa)and strain rates(10^(-6)-600 s^(-1)).It achieved an average prediction error of only 8.3%,which represents a 65%improvement in accuracy compared to models that consider confiningpressure and strain rate effects independently.At the micro-mechanism level,increasing confiningpressure and strain rate promoted crack propagation in a transgranular(TG)mode,thereby enhancing the overall rock strength.However,under the coupling effects,the interference and interaction of TG cracks weakened the overall strengthening effect.This indicated that the competitive interaction between confiningpressure and strain rate during crack propagation constitutes the intrinsic mechanism underlying their mutual inhibitory effect on rock strength.This study provides a more accurate theoretical basis for understanding the dynamic responses of rocks and contributes valuable insights for disaster prevention and control in deep rock engineering projects.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB755800)
文摘To satisfy the validation requirements of flight control law for advanced aircraft,a wind tunnel based virtual flight testing has been implemented in a low speed wind tunnel.A 3-degree-offreedom gimbal,ventrally installed in the model,was used in conjunction with an actively controlled dynamically similar model of aircraft,which was equipped with the inertial measurement unit,attitude and heading reference system,embedded computer and servo-actuators.The model,which could be rotated around its center of gravity freely by the aerodynamic moments,together with the flow field,operator and real time control system made up the closed-loop testing circuit.The model is statically unstable in longitudinal direction,and it can fly stably in wind tunnel with the function of control augmentation of the flight control laws.The experimental results indicate that the model responds well to the operator＇s instructions.The response of the model in the tests shows reasonable agreement with the simulation results.The difference of response of angle of attack is less than 0.5°.The effect of stability augmentation and attitude control law was validated in the test,meanwhile the feasibility of virtual flight test technique treated as preliminary evaluation tool for advanced flight vehicle configuration research was also verified.
基金State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Under Grant No.2008-TC-2National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.90510018,50779021 and 90715041
文摘It is well-recognized that a transfer system response delay that reduces the test stability inevitably exists in real-time dynamic hybrid testing （RTDHT）. This paper focuses on the delay-dependent stability and added damping of SDOF systems in RTDHT. The exponential delay term is transferred into a rational fraction by the Pad6 approximation, and the delay-dependent stability conditions and instability mechanism of SDOF RTDHT systems are investigated by the root locus technique. First, the stability conditions are discussed separately for the cases of stiffness, mass, and damping experimental substructure. The use of root locus plots shows that the added damping effect and instability mechanism for mass are different from those for stiffness. For the stiffness experimental substructure case, the instability results from the inherent mode because of an obvious negative damping effect of the delay. For the mass case, the delay introduces an equivalent positive damping into the inherent mode, and instability occurs at an added high frequency mode. Then, the compound stability condition is investigated for a general case and the results show that the mass ratio may have both upper and lower limits to remain stable. Finally, a high-emulational virtual shaking table model is built to validate the stability conclusions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos.51179093,91215301 and 41274106the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.20130002110032Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program under Grant No.20131089285
文摘A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element （FE） numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response analysis and signal generation tasks, and executed in two different target computers in real-time. One target computer implements the response analysis task, wherein a large time-step is used to solve the FE substructure, and another target computer implements the signal generation task, wherein an interpolation program is used to generate control signals in a small time-step to meet the input demand of the controller. By using this strategy, the scale of the FE numerical substructure simulation may be increased significantly. The proposed scheme is initially verified by two FE numerical substructure models with 98 and 1240 degrees of freedom （DOFs）. Thereafter, RTDHTs of a single frame-foundation structure are implemented where the foundation, considered as the numerical substructure, is simulated by the FE model with 1240 DOFs. Good agreements between the results of the RTDHT and those from the FE analysis in ABAQUS are obtained.
基金Supported by Chinese Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.CFH2018-2-4093)National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018ZX10101-004)。
文摘Dynamic visual acuity test(DVAT)plays a key role in the assessment of vestibular function,the visual function of athletes,as well as various ocular diseases.As the visual pathways conducting dynamic and static signals are different,DVATs may have potential advantages over the traditional visual acuity tests commonly used,such as static visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,and static perimetry.Here,we provide a review of commonly applied DVATs and their several uses in clinical ophthalmology.These data indicate that the DVAT has its unique clinical significance in the evaluation of several ocular disorders.
基金Projects(51878674,52108433,52022113) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019RS3009) supported by the Hunan Innovative Provincial Construction,China+2 种基金Project(2021JJ40587) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(21B0309) supported by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(HSR202004) supported by the Open Foundation of National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology,China。
文摘China’s high-speed railways are always facing the potential damage risk induced by strong earthquakes.And the route design concept of“using bridge instead of embankment”has also greatly increased the probability of high speed trains moving on bridges when a strong earthquake happens.In the past decades,a bunch of theoretical and numerical studies have been conducted in the seismic dynamic field of high-speed railway.However,the effective dynamic test system for verifying the given method and theoretical results is still lacking.Therefore,a novel dynamic test system(DTS)consisting of a shaking table array and a train-pass-bridge reduced-scale model is proposed in this paper.Through some crucial technical problems discussion,the effectiveness of similar design scheme and the feasibility of reduced-scale DTS are elaborated,and then the detailed DTS structures are given and displayed as part-by-part.On this basis,the demonstration tests are conducted and compared with the numerical simulation.The results show that the proposed DTS is accurate and effective.Therefore,the DTS can provide a new physical simulation approach to study the high-speed train’s running safety on bridges under earthquakes and can also provide a reference for the construction of related systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51175502)
文摘Testing is the premise and foundation of realizing equipment health management （EHM）. To address the problem that the static periodic test strategy may cause deficient test or excessive test, a dynamic sequential test strategy （DSTS） for EHM is presented. Considering the situation that equipment health state is not completely observable in reality, a DSTS optimization method based on partially observable semi-Markov decision pro- cess （POSMDP） is proposed. Firstly, an equipment health state degradation model is constructed by Markov process, and the control limit maintenance policy is also introduced. Secondly, POSMDP is formulated in great detail. And then, POSMDP is converted to completely observable belief semi-Markov decision process （BSMDP） through belief state. The optimal equation and the corresponding optimal DSTS, which minimize the long-run ex- pected average cost per unit time, are obtained with BSMDP. The results of application in complex equipment show that the proposed DSTS is feasible and effective.
基金The Key Project of the Major Research Plan of Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.90715036the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.50338020
文摘Modem dynamic tests such as networked collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing （PDT） provide new tools to study the dynamic performance of large and complex structures. In this paper, several networked collaborative PDT systems established in China and abroad are introduced, including a detailed description of the first networked collaborative platform that involved the construction of a standardized demonstration procedure for networked collaborative PDT. The example is a multi-span bridge with RC piers retrofitted by FRP, and a networked structural laboratory （NetSLab） platform is used to link distributed laboratories located at several universities together. Substructure technology is also used in the testing. The characteristics, resource sharing and collaborative work of NetSLab are described, and the results illustrate that use of the NetSLab is feasible for studying the dynamic performance of multi-span bridge structures.
文摘Impact drop tests are routinely used to examine the dynamic performance of rockbolts.Numerous impact tests have been carried out in the past decades on independently designed,constructed and operated testing rigs.Each laboratory has developed testing procedures;thus,the results are often reported in different ways by various laboratories.The inconsistency in testing procedures and reporting formats presents a challenge when comparing results from different laboratories.A series of impact tests of identical rockbolts was carried out using the direct impact method(i.e.the mass free-fall method)on the rigs in four laboratories in different countries.The purpose of these tests was to investigate the level of consistency in the results from the four rigs.Each rig demonstrated a high level of repeatability,but differences existed between the various rigs.The differences would suggest that there is noticeable equipment-dependent bias when test results obtained from different laboratories are compared.It was also observed that the energy dissipated for the plastic displacement of the bolt was smaller than the impact energy in the tests.The average impact load(AIL)and the ultimate plastic displacement(D)of the bolt describe the ultimate dynamic performance of the bolt.In the case where the bolt does not rupture,the specific plastic energy(SPE)is an appropriate parameter in describing the impact performance of the bolt.Two other relevant parameters are the first peak load(FPL)and the initial stiffness(K)of the bolt sample.The information from this test series will guide the formulation of standardised testing procedures for dynamic impact tests of rockbolts.
文摘Based on three kinds of dynamic test of MEMS, a dynamic system for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope based on high speed photography is introduced. Firstly, the architecture of the system hardware is introduced. Secondly, the image tracking performance is compared by the test using the template matching algorithm, the mean shift algorithm and the SURF algorithm. The vibration curve shows that high speed photograph combined with SURF algorithm is faster, more ac- curate, and more suitable for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope. After the frequency a- nalysis and related interpolation, more characteristics of micro gyroscope can be obtained.
文摘An in-situ test of bore pressure on a sheet-pile groin is carried out to investigate the characteristics of the bore pressure of fide in the Qian-tang River. The histories of bore pressure and the rule of the distribution of bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin are obtained through the test, which shows that the bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin are varies with time and space. The peak value of bore pressure on sheet-pile groin at different heights occurs almost at the same time. vertical distribution of bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin is linear above the still water level. The maximum bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin occurs at the still water level. Then a numerical method is also used to further study the characteristics of bore pressure. The standard k - ε turbulence model and VOF （volume of fluid） method for surface tracking are used to simulate the bore against the sheet-pile groin. The numerical results show flow fields, the position of free surface and time history and spatial distribution of bore pressure on the sheet-pile groin. The numerical and test resuits show good agreement.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51622803 and 51878103China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2021M692689。
文摘Stress waves propagate along vertical,radial and circumferential directions when a non-uniformly distributed load is applied at one end of a three-dimensional shaft.As a result,the receiving signals are usually mixed with undesired interference components,often featuring as high-frequency fluctuations.Previous studies have revealed that sectional geometry(shape and size)greatly affects the high-frequency interference.In this study,low strain dynamic testing on full-scale X-section concrete is conducted in order to investigate the influences of high-frequency interference on velocity responses at the pile head.Emphasis is placed on the frequency and peak value of interference waves at various receiving points.Additionally,the effects of the geometrical,and mechanical properties of the pile shaft on high-frequency interference are elaborated on through the three-dimensional finite element method.The results show that the measured wave is obscured by interference waves superposed by two types of high-frequency components.The modulus and cross-sectional area are contributing factors to the frequency and peak value of the interference waves.On the other hand,the position with the least interference is determined,to some extent,by the accurate shape of the X-section.
基金This research was sponsored by the Science and Technology Project for Policy Guidance of Jiangsu Province(SZ-LYG 2020016).
文摘In this article,dynamic method and static method of testing Poisson's ratio of OSB(Oriented Strand Board)were proposed.Through modal and static numerical analyses,the position where the transverse stress is equal to zero was determined.The binary linear regression method was applied to express the gluing position of the strain gauge as a relational express ion that depended on the length-width ratio and width-thickness ratio of the canti-lever plate.Then the longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios of OSB were mea sured by the given dynamic and static methods.In addition,the test results of OSB Poisson's ratio were analyzed with the probability distribution of random variables.The results showed that using the proposed dynamic method and static method,the test results for longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios of OSB were quite consistent,despite the gluing position of the strain gauges being different.And these OSB Poisson's ratios were accorded with that obtained by the axial tensile method and the four-point bending method.OSB longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios followed Weibull distribution.
