In this paper, a dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generator(OAWG) based on cross phase modulation(XPM) is proposed. According to the characteristics of XPM, the nonlinear phase shift of signal can be changed along w...In this paper, a dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generator(OAWG) based on cross phase modulation(XPM) is proposed. According to the characteristics of XPM, the nonlinear phase shift of signal can be changed along with the pump power. The amplitude of signal can be changed by controlling the phase shift at one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) using XPM effect between signal and pump. Therefore, the phase and amplitude of the optical frequency comb(OFC) can be controlled by two pump arrays. As a result, different kinds of waveforms can be synthesized. Due to the ultrafast response of XPM, the generated waveform could be dynamically updated with an ultrafast frequency. The waveform fidelity is affected by the updating frequency.展开更多
The analysis of strata between wells is fundamental in the study of oil and gas reservoirs. Automatic analysis of strata between wells, based on stratigraphic division of well logs, is realized using computer techniqu...The analysis of strata between wells is fundamental in the study of oil and gas reservoirs. Automatic analysis of strata between wells, based on stratigraphic division of well logs, is realized using computer techniques. We use a technique of dynamic waveform matching to build cross-well stratigraphic correlation relationships and automatically draw a path diagram of the cross-well stratigraphic contrast through piecewise line fitting, log character extraction, match cost calculation, and etc.. After analyzing many structure path diagrams between wells, 30 path patterns for normal faults, reverse faults, unconformities, synsedimentary faults, listric faults, pinch-outs, and so on were summarized and the path diagram patterns and correlation conceptions are presented. The application analysis in Dagang Oil Field shows that this method is effective.展开更多
Seismic quantitative reservoir simulations and characterizations have played a vital role in exploring stratigraphic traps,such as lateaggradational lowstands prograding wedge systems(LPWS)within lowstands systems tra...Seismic quantitative reservoir simulations and characterizations have played a vital role in exploring stratigraphic traps,such as lateaggradational lowstands prograding wedge systems(LPWS)within lowstands systems tracts(LST).However,seismic data acquisition operations are always dominated by exceptional seismic coherent noise events,e.g.,multiples,which reduce the signal strengths of the sourcegenerated incident seismic waves within vertically and laterally heterogeneous earth systems.Hence,these noise events create hurdles in predicting paleo-depositional impedance(PDI),paleo-thickness(PTS),paleo-dense fractured networks,erosional and depositional zones,faultcontrolled migrations,and types of seismic reflection configurations(SRFC),which are key elements in developing stratigraphic pinch-out traps.This research utilizes the state-of-the-art technologies of spectral wavelet-based instantaneous time-frequency analysis and seismic waveform frequency-controlled porosity-constrained static reservoir simulation(FDPVS)tools to quantify the LPWS inside the Onshore Basin,Pakistan.The use of conventional amplitude-based seismic attributes,such as the average energy,remained a better tool for deciphering the overall geological architecture of the LPWS.Conventional FDPVS realizations resolved a PDI of−1.391 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s to−0.97 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s for LPWS with PTS of 12 and 20 m,respectively.A 0.9 km lateral extent of paleo-dense fractured networks(PDFN)with a strong linear regression R^(2)=0.93 was also resolved.Average energy attribute-based instantaneous frequency FDPVS realizations enabled the imaging of parallel-toprograding SRFC with resolved magnitudes of−0.259 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s for PDI,20 m for PTS,and 0.73 km for PDFN with linear regression transforms at R^(2)=0.92,which indicates the deposition of onlap fill facies inside the LPWS during extensive sea-level fall.These realizations have also resolved frequency-controlled fault migrations on 27-Hz spectral waveform-based amplitude plots with 2.174 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s PDI for conduit fault systems and 27-Hz with 0.585 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s PDI for sealing fault systems.All these structural configurations are completely sealed up by transgressive seals of transgressive systems tracts and,hence,developed into pure stratigraphic-based oil and gas plays.This research has strong implications for side-tracking drilling locations and provides an analogue for basins with similar geology and stratigraphy worldwide.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61377075)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-07-0611)
文摘In this paper, a dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generator(OAWG) based on cross phase modulation(XPM) is proposed. According to the characteristics of XPM, the nonlinear phase shift of signal can be changed along with the pump power. The amplitude of signal can be changed by controlling the phase shift at one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) using XPM effect between signal and pump. Therefore, the phase and amplitude of the optical frequency comb(OFC) can be controlled by two pump arrays. As a result, different kinds of waveforms can be synthesized. Due to the ultrafast response of XPM, the generated waveform could be dynamically updated with an ultrafast frequency. The waveform fidelity is affected by the updating frequency.
基金This work is sponsored by the Major Program in the Ninth-five Year Plan, National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.498894190 - 4）.
文摘The analysis of strata between wells is fundamental in the study of oil and gas reservoirs. Automatic analysis of strata between wells, based on stratigraphic division of well logs, is realized using computer techniques. We use a technique of dynamic waveform matching to build cross-well stratigraphic correlation relationships and automatically draw a path diagram of the cross-well stratigraphic contrast through piecewise line fitting, log character extraction, match cost calculation, and etc.. After analyzing many structure path diagrams between wells, 30 path patterns for normal faults, reverse faults, unconformities, synsedimentary faults, listric faults, pinch-outs, and so on were summarized and the path diagram patterns and correlation conceptions are presented. The application analysis in Dagang Oil Field shows that this method is effective.
文摘Seismic quantitative reservoir simulations and characterizations have played a vital role in exploring stratigraphic traps,such as lateaggradational lowstands prograding wedge systems(LPWS)within lowstands systems tracts(LST).However,seismic data acquisition operations are always dominated by exceptional seismic coherent noise events,e.g.,multiples,which reduce the signal strengths of the sourcegenerated incident seismic waves within vertically and laterally heterogeneous earth systems.Hence,these noise events create hurdles in predicting paleo-depositional impedance(PDI),paleo-thickness(PTS),paleo-dense fractured networks,erosional and depositional zones,faultcontrolled migrations,and types of seismic reflection configurations(SRFC),which are key elements in developing stratigraphic pinch-out traps.This research utilizes the state-of-the-art technologies of spectral wavelet-based instantaneous time-frequency analysis and seismic waveform frequency-controlled porosity-constrained static reservoir simulation(FDPVS)tools to quantify the LPWS inside the Onshore Basin,Pakistan.The use of conventional amplitude-based seismic attributes,such as the average energy,remained a better tool for deciphering the overall geological architecture of the LPWS.Conventional FDPVS realizations resolved a PDI of−1.391 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s to−0.97 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s for LPWS with PTS of 12 and 20 m,respectively.A 0.9 km lateral extent of paleo-dense fractured networks(PDFN)with a strong linear regression R^(2)=0.93 was also resolved.Average energy attribute-based instantaneous frequency FDPVS realizations enabled the imaging of parallel-toprograding SRFC with resolved magnitudes of−0.259 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s for PDI,20 m for PTS,and 0.73 km for PDFN with linear regression transforms at R^(2)=0.92,which indicates the deposition of onlap fill facies inside the LPWS during extensive sea-level fall.These realizations have also resolved frequency-controlled fault migrations on 27-Hz spectral waveform-based amplitude plots with 2.174 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s PDI for conduit fault systems and 27-Hz with 0.585 gm./c.c.^(*)m/s PDI for sealing fault systems.All these structural configurations are completely sealed up by transgressive seals of transgressive systems tracts and,hence,developed into pure stratigraphic-based oil and gas plays.This research has strong implications for side-tracking drilling locations and provides an analogue for basins with similar geology and stratigraphy worldwide.
