The Canada Basin （CB） is the largest sub-basin in the Arctic, with the deepest abyssal plain of 3 850 m. The double-diffusive process is the possible passage through which the geothermal energy affects the above iso...The Canada Basin （CB） is the largest sub-basin in the Arctic, with the deepest abyssal plain of 3 850 m. The double-diffusive process is the possible passage through which the geothermal energy affects the above isolated deep waters. With the temperature-salinity-pressure observations in 2003, 500-m-thick transition layers and lower 1 000-m-thick bottom homogenous layers were found below 2 400 m in the central deep CB. Staircases with downward-increasing temperature and salinity are prominent in the transition layers, suggesting the double- diffusive convection in deep CB. The interface of the stairs is about 10 m thick with 0.001-0.002℃ temperature difference, while the thicknesses of the homogenous layers in the steps decrease upward from about 60 to 20 m. The density ratio in the deep central CB is generally smaller than 2, indicating stronger double-diffusive convection than that in the upper ocean of 200-400 m. The heat flux through the deepest staircases in the deep CB varies between 0.014 and 0.031 W/m2, which is one-two orders smaller than the upper double-diffusive heat flux, but comparable to the estimates of geothermal heat flux.展开更多
Many staircases in reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures suffered severe damage during the Wenchuan earthquake. Elastic analyses for 18 RC structure models with and without staircases are conducted and compared ...Many staircases in reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures suffered severe damage during the Wenchuan earthquake. Elastic analyses for 18 RC structure models with and without staircases are conducted and compared to study the influence of the staircase on the stiffness, displacements and internal forces of the structures. To capture the yielding development and damage mechanism of frame structures, elasto-plastic analysis is carried out for one of the 18 models. Based on the features observed in the analyses, a new type of staircase design i.e., isolating them from the master structure to eliminate the effect of K-type struts, is proposed and discussed. It is concluded that the proposed method of staircase isolation is effective and feasible for engineering design, and does not significantly increase the construction cost.展开更多
Almost half of the oceanic water columns exhibit double-diffusion. The importance of double-diffusion in global oceans’ salt and heat fluxes, water-mass formation and mixing, and circulation is increasingly recognize...Almost half of the oceanic water columns exhibit double-diffusion. The importance of double-diffusion in global oceans’ salt and heat fluxes, water-mass formation and mixing, and circulation is increasingly recognized. However, such an important physical process in the ocean has not been well studied. One of the reasons is the difficulty of parameterizing and quantifying the processes. The paper presented here attempts to quantify the double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat in the ocean. Previous qualitative analysis by applying the water-mass Turner angle, mTu, to the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) layer showed a favorable condition for salt-fingering in the upper NPIW due to the overlying warm/salty water above the cold/fresh NPIW core, and a doubly-stable condition in the lower NPIW where potential temperature decreases with depth while salinity increases, inducing double stratification with respect to both potential temperature and salinity. The present study gives a quantitative estimate of double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat contributed by salt-fingering in the upper NPIW layer.展开更多
A sequence of periodic attractors has been observed in a two-dimensional discontinuous map, which canbe considered as a model of impact oscillator. The so-called 'transfer number', which is defined as the mean...A sequence of periodic attractors has been observed in a two-dimensional discontinuous map, which canbe considered as a model of impact oscillator. The so-called 'transfer number', which is defined as the mean numberof transfer from non-impact state to impact state per iteration, is locked onto a lot of rational values to form a curveconsisting of many steps. Our numerical investigation confirms that every step is confined by conditions created by thecollision between the periodic orbit and the discontinuous boundary of the system. After the last collision the systemshows a chaotic motion with intermittent characteristics. Therefore the staircase can be addressed as a 'prelude staircaseto type V intermittency'. The similar phenomenon has also been observed in a model of electric circuit. These resultsof our study suggest that this kind of staircases is common in two (or even higher) dimensional discontinuous maps.展开更多
Let g be the general linear Lie algebra consisting of all n x n matrices over a field F and with the usual bracket operation {x, y} =xy - yx. An invertible map φ ： g →g is said to preserve staircase subalgebras if ...Let g be the general linear Lie algebra consisting of all n x n matrices over a field F and with the usual bracket operation {x, y} =xy - yx. An invertible map φ ： g →g is said to preserve staircase subalgebras if it maps every staircase subalgebra to some staircase subalgebra of the same dimension. In this paper, we devote to giving an explicit description on the invertible maps on g that preserve staircase subalgebras.展开更多
A staircase provides the main escape way from a building in an emergency.Unfortunately,it may suffer severe damages or even collapse during an earthquake.For improving the seismic performance of staircases,this paper ...A staircase provides the main escape way from a building in an emergency.Unfortunately,it may suffer severe damages or even collapse during an earthquake.For improving the seismic performance of staircases,this paper proposes an innovative staircase isolator with the features of lightweight,costeffective and ease of construction and replacement,which is formed by suitable engineering plastic shims between rubber layers.A connection construction scheme is also proposed for the isolated staircase.Systematic performance tests have been carried out to characterize the isolator in terms of mechanic behavior and ultimate states.The test results show that mechanical properties of the proposed staircase isolator are excellent and suitable for staircase in building structure.In order to investigate the influence of staircase on building structural responses,time history analyses of a typical building structure without staircase(WS),with fixed staircase(FS)and with isolated staircase(IS)are conducted and compared within the environment of SAP2000.Results show that staircase isolation can effectively eliminate the diagonal bracing effect of staircase slab and make structural components uniformly stressed.When the novel isolator is employed for staircase in a building structure,there is no vulnerable position in staircase and the performance of staircase in building structure can be greatly enhanced.展开更多
Existing broadcasting schemes provide services for the stored videos. The basic approach in these schemes is to divide the video into segments and organize them over the channels for proper transmission. Some schemes ...Existing broadcasting schemes provide services for the stored videos. The basic approach in these schemes is to divide the video into segments and organize them over the channels for proper transmission. Some schemes use segments as a basic unit, whereas the others require segments to be further divided into subsegments. In a scheme, the number of segments/subsegments depends upon the bandwidth allocated to the video by the video server. For constructing segments, the video length should be known. If it is unknown, then the segments cannot be constructed and hence the scheme cannot be applied to provide the video services. This is an important issue especially in live broadcasting applications wherein the ending time of the video is unknown, for example, cricket match. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for the conservative staircase scheme so that it can support live video broadcasting.展开更多
We present the findings for the quantum conductance staircase of holes that is caused by the edge channels in the ultra-shallow p-type silicon quantum well (Si-QW), 2 nm, confined by the δ-barriers heavily doped with...We present the findings for the quantum conductance staircase of holes that is caused by the edge channels in the ultra-shallow p-type silicon quantum well (Si-QW), 2 nm, confined by the δ-barriers heavily doped with boron on the n-type Si (100) surface. This longitudinal quantum conductance staircase, Gxx, is revealed by the voltage applied to the Hall contacts, Vxy, to a maximum of 4e2/h. In addition to the standard plateau, 2e2/h, the variations of the Vxy voltage appear to exhibit the fractional forms of the quantum conductance staircase with the plateaus and steps that bring into correlation respectively with the odd and even fractional values.展开更多
Double-diffusive stationary and oscillatory instabilities at the marginal state in a saturated porous horizontal fluid layer heated and salted from above are investigated theoretically under the Darcy＇s framework for...Double-diffusive stationary and oscillatory instabilities at the marginal state in a saturated porous horizontal fluid layer heated and salted from above are investigated theoretically under the Darcy＇s framework for a porous medium. The contributions of Soret and Dufour coefficients are taken into account in the analysis. Linear stability analysis shows that the critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number depends on cross-diffusive parameters at marginally stationary convec- tion, while the marginal state characterized by oscillatory convection does not depend on the cross-diffusion terms even if the condition and frequency of oscillatory convection depends on the cross-diffusive parameters. The critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number increases with increasing value of the solutal Darcy-Rayleigh number in the absence of cross- diffusive parameters. The critical Darcy-Rayleigh number decreases with increasing Soret number, resulting in destabiliza- tion of the system, while its value increases with increasing Dufour number, resulting in stabilization of the system at the marginal state characterized by stationary convection. The analysis reveals that the Dufour and Soret parameters as well as the porosity parameter play an important role in deciding the type of instability at the onset. This analysis also indicates that the stationary convection is followed by the oscillatory convection for certain fluid mixtures. It is interesting to note that the roles of cross-diffusive parameters on the double-diffusive system heated and salted from above are reciprocal to the double-diffusive system heated and salted from below.展开更多
Asymptotically necessary and sufficient quadratic stability conditions of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems are obtained by utilizing staircase membership functions and a basic inequality. The information of the membe...Asymptotically necessary and sufficient quadratic stability conditions of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems are obtained by utilizing staircase membership functions and a basic inequality. The information of the membership functions is incorporated in the stability analysis by approximating the original continuous membership functions with staircase membership functions. The stability of the T-S fuzzy systems was investigated based on a quadratic Lyapunov function. The asymptotically necessary and sufficient stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities were derived using a basic inequality. A fuzzy controller was also designed based on the stability results. The derivation process of the stability results is straightforward and easy to understand. Case studies confirmed the validity of the obtained stability results.展开更多
This study is devoted to the analysis of a one-dimensional time-dependent double-diffusive flow over a semi-infinite vertical plate, under a convective surface boundary condition. Using similarity variable, the govern...This study is devoted to the analysis of a one-dimensional time-dependent double-diffusive flow over a semi-infinite vertical plate, under a convective surface boundary condition. Using similarity variable, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by using shooting method alongside with Runge-Kutta integration scheme as embedded in Maple software programme. The numerical results of the skin-friction coefficient, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and depicted graphically.展开更多
We report the first nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） study on single crystals of staircase Kagome antiferromagnet PbCu3Te07 （TN1 -36K）. A Curie constant θ -140K is obtained by a Curie Weiss fit to the high- tempe...We report the first nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） study on single crystals of staircase Kagome antiferromagnet PbCu3Te07 （TN1 -36K）. A Curie constant θ -140K is obtained by a Curie Weiss fit to the high- temperature Knight shift of 125 Te. The hyperfine coupling constant is estimated to be 125Ahf = -67 kOe/#B, and a strong interlayer coupling among staircase Kagome planes is suggested with such a large hyperfine coupling, according to the lattice structure. The 63,65Cu NMR spectra are found by the zero-field （ZF） NMR at T = 2 K, and the internal hyperfine fields are estimated to be 10.3 T and 9.6 T, for Cu（1） and Cu（2） sites, respectively, in the lattice. A second type of ZF NMFt signal with a large rf enhancement is also seen after field-cycling through a high magnetic field.展开更多
This paper describes experimental results on the solidification process over the vertically positioned circular cylinder, placed in an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate, where the aqueous solution in the vessel is he...This paper describes experimental results on the solidification process over the vertically positioned circular cylinder, placed in an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate, where the aqueous solution in the vessel is heated from the bottom. After the initiation of solidification by cooling the cylinder below the liquidus temperature, the pure ice formation on the cylinder causes the rejection of solute into the surrounding aqueous solution. The solute enriched vertical fluid layer over the ice then falls on the bottom of the vessel due to its higher density, and accumulates there. This process results in the formation of solute rich and hot horizontal layer (heavy layer), underlying the relatively cold but less concentrated fluid layer (light layer). As this process advances, however, because of the continuing influx of solute rich fluid, the lower heavy layer occupies more space, and the interface of the two layers rises slowly. The pH indicator method has been successfully employed in order to visualize the flows during this process. In this report, we document the evolution of both temperature and flow fields in the aqueous solution quantitatively, as the solidification progresses and the density discontinuity of the two layers rises.展开更多
Staircase is an important means of vertical transportation. Staircase design exerts a great influence on the aesthetics, transportation efficiency, user comfort and experience level. In this paper, a survey on the sta...Staircase is an important means of vertical transportation. Staircase design exerts a great influence on the aesthetics, transportation efficiency, user comfort and experience level. In this paper, a survey on the staircase rotation preference was conducted, based on the environment behavior studies. Different user frequencies of a pair of scissors stairs in the 2nd teaching building of North China University of Technology were analyzed. The psychological effect was evaluated and quantified, and the user preference on the two staircase rotations was then withdrawn. The survey found that the type of staircase with clockwise upstairs was much more preferred （78%） than the other staircase rotation anti-clock upstairs. Considering different genders, the female shows a 66% higher preference inclination of this type of staircase rotation than the male. To improve the transportation efficiency of the staircase in case of fire, the result of this paper can be very constructive for the evacuation staircase rotation choice for the high-rise buildings.展开更多
A basic 7-level MLI topology is developed and the same is extended to the 9-level then further increased to 17-levels.The developed structure minimizes the component’s count and size to draw out the system economy.De...A basic 7-level MLI topology is developed and the same is extended to the 9-level then further increased to 17-levels.The developed structure minimizes the component’s count and size to draw out the system economy.Despite the various advantages of MLIs,efficiency and reliability play a major role since the usage of components is higher for getting a low Total Harmonics Distortion(THD)value.This becomes a major challenge incorporated in boosting the efficiency without affecting the THD value.Various parametric observations are done and realized for the designed 9-level and 17-level MLI,being the Total Standing Voltage(TSV),efficiency,cost function per level count,and power loss.The respective parameters are compared with several existing and modern circuits and found to be effective in their performance.A novel single-phase 17-level asymmetrical Multi-Level Inverter(MLI)topology is developed to reduce the number of overall components.The developed topology generates 17-levels by using unequal DC sources.The developed MLI is proved under various tests con-ducted experimentally for the various loads like resistive,inductive,and combinational loads.A detailed comparison is done on several factors and represented graphically represented.Further,the proposed design provides a less TSV value is 6 V_(dc),efficiency is 94.21%and cost factor per level CF/L value for both values ofαis 2.01 and 2.05 and devices count with a low THD value 41.4%with respectively.展开更多
A numerical analysis has been carried out to study the problem of plane stagnation double-diffusive MHD convective flow with convective boundary condition in a porous media. The governing nonlinear partial differentia...A numerical analysis has been carried out to study the problem of plane stagnation double-diffusive MHD convective flow with convective boundary condition in a porous media. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been reduced to systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by the similarity transformations. The transformed equations are solved numerically by using the classical fourth order Runge-Kutta method together with the shooting technique implemented on a computer program. The effects of the physical parameters are examined on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Numerical data for the skin-friction coefficients, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been tabulated for various parametric conditions and are also shown graphically and discussed.展开更多
A novel super-junction lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor （SJ-LDMOS） with a partial lightly doped P pillar （PD） is proposed. Firstly, the reduction in the partial P pillar charges ensures the charge...A novel super-junction lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor （SJ-LDMOS） with a partial lightly doped P pillar （PD） is proposed. Firstly, the reduction in the partial P pillar charges ensures the charge balance and suppresses the substrate-assisted depletion effect. Secondly, the new electric field peak produced by the P/P junction modulates the surface electric field distribution. Both of these result in a high breakdown voltage （BV）. In addition, due to the same conduction paths, the specific on-resistance （Ron,sp） of the PD SJ-LDMOS is approximately identical to the conventional SJ-LDMOS. Simulation results indicate that the average value of the surface lateral electric field of the PD SJ-LDMOS reaches 20 V/μm at a 15 μm drift length, resulting in a BV of 300 V.展开更多
A novel low specific on-resistance （Ron,sp） lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor （LDMOS） with a buried improved super-junction （BISJ） layer is proposed. A super-junction layer is buried in the drift...A novel low specific on-resistance （Ron,sp） lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor （LDMOS） with a buried improved super-junction （BISJ） layer is proposed. A super-junction layer is buried in the drift region and the P pillar is split into two parts with different doping concentrations. Firstly, the buried super-junction layer causes the multiple-direction assisted depletion effect. The drift region doping concentration of the BISJ LDMOS is therefore much higher than that of the conventional LDMOS. Secondly, the buried super-junction layer provides a bulk low on-resistance path. Both of them reduce Ron,sp greatly. Thirdly, the electric field modulation effect of the new electric field peak introduced by the step doped P pillar improves the breakdown voltage （BV）. The BISJ LDMOS exhibits a BV of 300 V and Ron,sp of 8.08 mΩ·cm2 which increases BV by 35% and reduces Ron,sp by 60% compared with those of a conventional LDMOS with a drift length of 15 μm, respectively.展开更多
A stacked lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor(LDMOS) with enhanced depletion effect by surface substrate is proposed(ST-LDMOS), which is compatible with the traditional CMOS pro...A stacked lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor(LDMOS) with enhanced depletion effect by surface substrate is proposed(ST-LDMOS), which is compatible with the traditional CMOS processes. The new stacked structure is characterized by double substrates and surface dielectric trenches(SDT). The drift region is separated by the P-buried layer to form two vertically parallel devices. The doping concentration of the drift region is increased benefiting from the enhanced auxiliary depletion effect of the double substrates, leading to a lower specific on-resistance(Ron,sp). Multiple electric field peaks appear at the corners of the SDT, which improves the lateral electric field distribution and the breakdown voltage(BV). Compared to a conventional LDMOS(C-LDMOS), the BV in the ST-LDMOS increases from 259 V to 459 V, an improvement of 77.22%. The Ron,sp decreases from 39.62 m?·cm^2 to 23.24 m?·cm^2 and the Baliga's figure of merit(FOM) of is 9.07 MW/cm^2.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476009,41106012 and 41506018the Science and Technology Program in Higher Education of Guangdong under contract No.2013KJCX0099
文摘The Canada Basin （CB） is the largest sub-basin in the Arctic, with the deepest abyssal plain of 3 850 m. The double-diffusive process is the possible passage through which the geothermal energy affects the above isolated deep waters. With the temperature-salinity-pressure observations in 2003, 500-m-thick transition layers and lower 1 000-m-thick bottom homogenous layers were found below 2 400 m in the central deep CB. Staircases with downward-increasing temperature and salinity are prominent in the transition layers, suggesting the double- diffusive convection in deep CB. The interface of the stairs is about 10 m thick with 0.001-0.002℃ temperature difference, while the thicknesses of the homogenous layers in the steps decrease upward from about 60 to 20 m. The density ratio in the deep central CB is generally smaller than 2, indicating stronger double-diffusive convection than that in the upper ocean of 200-400 m. The heat flux through the deepest staircases in the deep CB varies between 0.014 and 0.031 W/m2, which is one-two orders smaller than the upper double-diffusive heat flux, but comparable to the estimates of geothermal heat flux.
基金The National Key Technologies R&D Program under Grant No. 2009BAJ28B01The Technologies R&D Program of China State Construction Engineering Co., Ltd under Grant No. CSCEC-2009-Z-15
文摘Many staircases in reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures suffered severe damage during the Wenchuan earthquake. Elastic analyses for 18 RC structure models with and without staircases are conducted and compared to study the influence of the staircase on the stiffness, displacements and internal forces of the structures. To capture the yielding development and damage mechanism of frame structures, elasto-plastic analysis is carried out for one of the 18 models. Based on the features observed in the analyses, a new type of staircase design i.e., isolating them from the master structure to eliminate the effect of K-type struts, is proposed and discussed. It is concluded that the proposed method of staircase isolation is effective and feasible for engineering design, and does not significantly increase the construction cost.
基金a result of my short visit to the Physical Oceanography Laboratory of Ocean University of ChinaQingdao with support from the Foundation for Open Projects of the Key Lab.of Physical Oceanography,the Ministry of Education,China(No.200401).
文摘Almost half of the oceanic water columns exhibit double-diffusion. The importance of double-diffusion in global oceans’ salt and heat fluxes, water-mass formation and mixing, and circulation is increasingly recognized. However, such an important physical process in the ocean has not been well studied. One of the reasons is the difficulty of parameterizing and quantifying the processes. The paper presented here attempts to quantify the double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat in the ocean. Previous qualitative analysis by applying the water-mass Turner angle, mTu, to the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) layer showed a favorable condition for salt-fingering in the upper NPIW due to the overlying warm/salty water above the cold/fresh NPIW core, and a doubly-stable condition in the lower NPIW where potential temperature decreases with depth while salinity increases, inducing double stratification with respect to both potential temperature and salinity. The present study gives a quantitative estimate of double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat contributed by salt-fingering in the upper NPIW layer.
文摘A sequence of periodic attractors has been observed in a two-dimensional discontinuous map, which canbe considered as a model of impact oscillator. The so-called 'transfer number', which is defined as the mean numberof transfer from non-impact state to impact state per iteration, is locked onto a lot of rational values to form a curveconsisting of many steps. Our numerical investigation confirms that every step is confined by conditions created by thecollision between the periodic orbit and the discontinuous boundary of the system. After the last collision the systemshows a chaotic motion with intermittent characteristics. Therefore the staircase can be addressed as a 'prelude staircaseto type V intermittency'. The similar phenomenon has also been observed in a model of electric circuit. These resultsof our study suggest that this kind of staircases is common in two (or even higher) dimensional discontinuous maps.
基金The NSF (11126121) of ChinaPh.D.Fund (B2010-93) of Henan Polytechnic University+1 种基金Natural Science Research Program (112300410120) of Science and Technology Department of Henan ProvinceNatural Science Research Program (2011B110016) of Education Department of Henan Province
文摘Let g be the general linear Lie algebra consisting of all n x n matrices over a field F and with the usual bracket operation {x, y} =xy - yx. An invertible map φ ： g →g is said to preserve staircase subalgebras if it maps every staircase subalgebra to some staircase subalgebra of the same dimension. In this paper, we devote to giving an explicit description on the invertible maps on g that preserve staircase subalgebras.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0703600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51278138,51978185)+1 种基金Yangcheng Scholar’s Program of Guangzhou Municipal Department of Education(Grant No.1201541630)Innovation Research Program for the Postgraduates of Guangzhou University(Grant No.2017GDJC-D16).
文摘A staircase provides the main escape way from a building in an emergency.Unfortunately,it may suffer severe damages or even collapse during an earthquake.For improving the seismic performance of staircases,this paper proposes an innovative staircase isolator with the features of lightweight,costeffective and ease of construction and replacement,which is formed by suitable engineering plastic shims between rubber layers.A connection construction scheme is also proposed for the isolated staircase.Systematic performance tests have been carried out to characterize the isolator in terms of mechanic behavior and ultimate states.The test results show that mechanical properties of the proposed staircase isolator are excellent and suitable for staircase in building structure.In order to investigate the influence of staircase on building structural responses,time history analyses of a typical building structure without staircase(WS),with fixed staircase(FS)and with isolated staircase(IS)are conducted and compared within the environment of SAP2000.Results show that staircase isolation can effectively eliminate the diagonal bracing effect of staircase slab and make structural components uniformly stressed.When the novel isolator is employed for staircase in a building structure,there is no vulnerable position in staircase and the performance of staircase in building structure can be greatly enhanced.
文摘Existing broadcasting schemes provide services for the stored videos. The basic approach in these schemes is to divide the video into segments and organize them over the channels for proper transmission. Some schemes use segments as a basic unit, whereas the others require segments to be further divided into subsegments. In a scheme, the number of segments/subsegments depends upon the bandwidth allocated to the video by the video server. For constructing segments, the video length should be known. If it is unknown, then the segments cannot be constructed and hence the scheme cannot be applied to provide the video services. This is an important issue especially in live broadcasting applications wherein the ending time of the video is unknown, for example, cricket match. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for the conservative staircase scheme so that it can support live video broadcasting.
文摘We present the findings for the quantum conductance staircase of holes that is caused by the edge channels in the ultra-shallow p-type silicon quantum well (Si-QW), 2 nm, confined by the δ-barriers heavily doped with boron on the n-type Si (100) surface. This longitudinal quantum conductance staircase, Gxx, is revealed by the voltage applied to the Hall contacts, Vxy, to a maximum of 4e2/h. In addition to the standard plateau, 2e2/h, the variations of the Vxy voltage appear to exhibit the fractional forms of the quantum conductance staircase with the plateaus and steps that bring into correlation respectively with the odd and even fractional values.
基金support received from UGC, DSA-I in the Department of Mathematics, the University of Burdwan
文摘Double-diffusive stationary and oscillatory instabilities at the marginal state in a saturated porous horizontal fluid layer heated and salted from above are investigated theoretically under the Darcy＇s framework for a porous medium. The contributions of Soret and Dufour coefficients are taken into account in the analysis. Linear stability analysis shows that the critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number depends on cross-diffusive parameters at marginally stationary convec- tion, while the marginal state characterized by oscillatory convection does not depend on the cross-diffusion terms even if the condition and frequency of oscillatory convection depends on the cross-diffusive parameters. The critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number increases with increasing value of the solutal Darcy-Rayleigh number in the absence of cross- diffusive parameters. The critical Darcy-Rayleigh number decreases with increasing Soret number, resulting in destabiliza- tion of the system, while its value increases with increasing Dufour number, resulting in stabilization of the system at the marginal state characterized by stationary convection. The analysis reveals that the Dufour and Soret parameters as well as the porosity parameter play an important role in deciding the type of instability at the onset. This analysis also indicates that the stationary convection is followed by the oscillatory convection for certain fluid mixtures. It is interesting to note that the roles of cross-diffusive parameters on the double-diffusive system heated and salted from above are reciprocal to the double-diffusive system heated and salted from below.
文摘Asymptotically necessary and sufficient quadratic stability conditions of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems are obtained by utilizing staircase membership functions and a basic inequality. The information of the membership functions is incorporated in the stability analysis by approximating the original continuous membership functions with staircase membership functions. The stability of the T-S fuzzy systems was investigated based on a quadratic Lyapunov function. The asymptotically necessary and sufficient stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities were derived using a basic inequality. A fuzzy controller was also designed based on the stability results. The derivation process of the stability results is straightforward and easy to understand. Case studies confirmed the validity of the obtained stability results.
文摘This study is devoted to the analysis of a one-dimensional time-dependent double-diffusive flow over a semi-infinite vertical plate, under a convective surface boundary condition. Using similarity variable, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by using shooting method alongside with Runge-Kutta integration scheme as embedded in Maple software programme. The numerical results of the skin-friction coefficient, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and depicted graphically.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11374364 and 11222433the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2011CBA00112the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of State Education Ministry
文摘We report the first nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） study on single crystals of staircase Kagome antiferromagnet PbCu3Te07 （TN1 -36K）. A Curie constant θ -140K is obtained by a Curie Weiss fit to the high- temperature Knight shift of 125 Te. The hyperfine coupling constant is estimated to be 125Ahf = -67 kOe/#B, and a strong interlayer coupling among staircase Kagome planes is suggested with such a large hyperfine coupling, according to the lattice structure. The 63,65Cu NMR spectra are found by the zero-field （ZF） NMR at T = 2 K, and the internal hyperfine fields are estimated to be 10.3 T and 9.6 T, for Cu（1） and Cu（2） sites, respectively, in the lattice. A second type of ZF NMFt signal with a large rf enhancement is also seen after field-cycling through a high magnetic field.
文摘This paper describes experimental results on the solidification process over the vertically positioned circular cylinder, placed in an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate, where the aqueous solution in the vessel is heated from the bottom. After the initiation of solidification by cooling the cylinder below the liquidus temperature, the pure ice formation on the cylinder causes the rejection of solute into the surrounding aqueous solution. The solute enriched vertical fluid layer over the ice then falls on the bottom of the vessel due to its higher density, and accumulates there. This process results in the formation of solute rich and hot horizontal layer (heavy layer), underlying the relatively cold but less concentrated fluid layer (light layer). As this process advances, however, because of the continuing influx of solute rich fluid, the lower heavy layer occupies more space, and the interface of the two layers rises slowly. The pH indicator method has been successfully employed in order to visualize the flows during this process. In this report, we document the evolution of both temperature and flow fields in the aqueous solution quantitatively, as the solidification progresses and the density discontinuity of the two layers rises.
文摘Staircase is an important means of vertical transportation. Staircase design exerts a great influence on the aesthetics, transportation efficiency, user comfort and experience level. In this paper, a survey on the staircase rotation preference was conducted, based on the environment behavior studies. Different user frequencies of a pair of scissors stairs in the 2nd teaching building of North China University of Technology were analyzed. The psychological effect was evaluated and quantified, and the user preference on the two staircase rotations was then withdrawn. The survey found that the type of staircase with clockwise upstairs was much more preferred （78%） than the other staircase rotation anti-clock upstairs. Considering different genders, the female shows a 66% higher preference inclination of this type of staircase rotation than the male. To improve the transportation efficiency of the staircase in case of fire, the result of this paper can be very constructive for the evacuation staircase rotation choice for the high-rise buildings.
文摘A basic 7-level MLI topology is developed and the same is extended to the 9-level then further increased to 17-levels.The developed structure minimizes the component’s count and size to draw out the system economy.Despite the various advantages of MLIs,efficiency and reliability play a major role since the usage of components is higher for getting a low Total Harmonics Distortion(THD)value.This becomes a major challenge incorporated in boosting the efficiency without affecting the THD value.Various parametric observations are done and realized for the designed 9-level and 17-level MLI,being the Total Standing Voltage(TSV),efficiency,cost function per level count,and power loss.The respective parameters are compared with several existing and modern circuits and found to be effective in their performance.A novel single-phase 17-level asymmetrical Multi-Level Inverter(MLI)topology is developed to reduce the number of overall components.The developed topology generates 17-levels by using unequal DC sources.The developed MLI is proved under various tests con-ducted experimentally for the various loads like resistive,inductive,and combinational loads.A detailed comparison is done on several factors and represented graphically represented.Further,the proposed design provides a less TSV value is 6 V_(dc),efficiency is 94.21%and cost factor per level CF/L value for both values ofαis 2.01 and 2.05 and devices count with a low THD value 41.4%with respectively.
文摘A numerical analysis has been carried out to study the problem of plane stagnation double-diffusive MHD convective flow with convective boundary condition in a porous media. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been reduced to systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by the similarity transformations. The transformed equations are solved numerically by using the classical fourth order Runge-Kutta method together with the shooting technique implemented on a computer program. The effects of the physical parameters are examined on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Numerical data for the skin-friction coefficients, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been tabulated for various parametric conditions and are also shown graphically and discussed.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2010ZX02201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61176069)the National Defense Pre-Research of China (Grant No. 51308020304)
文摘A novel super-junction lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor （SJ-LDMOS） with a partial lightly doped P pillar （PD） is proposed. Firstly, the reduction in the partial P pillar charges ensures the charge balance and suppresses the substrate-assisted depletion effect. Secondly, the new electric field peak produced by the P/P junction modulates the surface electric field distribution. Both of these result in a high breakdown voltage （BV）. In addition, due to the same conduction paths, the specific on-resistance （Ron,sp） of the PD SJ-LDMOS is approximately identical to the conventional SJ-LDMOS. Simulation results indicate that the average value of the surface lateral electric field of the PD SJ-LDMOS reaches 20 V/μm at a 15 μm drift length, resulting in a BV of 300 V.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2010ZX02201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61176069)the National Defense Pre-Research of China(Grant No.51308020304)
文摘A novel low specific on-resistance （Ron,sp） lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor （LDMOS） with a buried improved super-junction （BISJ） layer is proposed. A super-junction layer is buried in the drift region and the P pillar is split into two parts with different doping concentrations. Firstly, the buried super-junction layer causes the multiple-direction assisted depletion effect. The drift region doping concentration of the BISJ LDMOS is therefore much higher than that of the conventional LDMOS. Secondly, the buried super-junction layer provides a bulk low on-resistance path. Both of them reduce Ron,sp greatly. Thirdly, the electric field modulation effect of the new electric field peak introduced by the step doped P pillar improves the breakdown voltage （BV）. The BISJ LDMOS exhibits a BV of 300 V and Ron,sp of 8.08 mΩ·cm2 which increases BV by 35% and reduces Ron,sp by 60% compared with those of a conventional LDMOS with a drift length of 15 μm, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61464003)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant Nos.2015GXNSFAA139300 and 2018JJA170010)
文摘A stacked lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor(LDMOS) with enhanced depletion effect by surface substrate is proposed(ST-LDMOS), which is compatible with the traditional CMOS processes. The new stacked structure is characterized by double substrates and surface dielectric trenches(SDT). The drift region is separated by the P-buried layer to form two vertically parallel devices. The doping concentration of the drift region is increased benefiting from the enhanced auxiliary depletion effect of the double substrates, leading to a lower specific on-resistance(Ron,sp). Multiple electric field peaks appear at the corners of the SDT, which improves the lateral electric field distribution and the breakdown voltage(BV). Compared to a conventional LDMOS(C-LDMOS), the BV in the ST-LDMOS increases from 259 V to 459 V, an improvement of 77.22%. The Ron,sp decreases from 39.62 m?·cm^2 to 23.24 m?·cm^2 and the Baliga's figure of merit(FOM) of is 9.07 MW/cm^2.
