Based on ’Theoryof Electron Donating, Accepting and Exchanging’whichtheauthorpub lishedin 1989 ,thispaperexplainsin detailsaboutthesuperconductivityof metallicelements,metalliccompoundsand alloys. Italso providesa ...Based on ’Theoryof Electron Donating, Accepting and Exchanging’whichtheauthorpub lishedin 1989 ,thispaperexplainsin detailsaboutthesuperconductivityof metallicelements,metalliccompoundsand alloys. Italso providesa methodto raise Tc.展开更多
First-principles calculations are applied for investigating influence of electron donating ability of donor groups in eight thermally activated delayed fluorescence（TADF） molecules on their geometrical structures an...First-principles calculations are applied for investigating influence of electron donating ability of donor groups in eight thermally activated delayed fluorescence（TADF） molecules on their geometrical structures and transition properties as well as reverse intersystem crossing（RISC） processes. Results show that the diphenylamine substitution in the donor part can slightly change the bond angle but decrease bond length between donor and acceptor unit except for the lowest triplet state（Ti） of carbazole-xanthone molecule. As the electron donating ability of donor groups is increased, the overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） is decreased. As the diphenylamine groups are added in donor part, the delocalization of HOMO is enlarged,which brings a decreased energy gap(△ES1-T1) between the lowest singlet excited state（S1）and T1 state. Furthermore, with the calculated spin-orbit coupling coefficient(HSO), one finds that the larger value of ■ is, the faster the RISC is. The results show that all investigated molecules are promising candidates as TADF molecules. Overall, a wise molecular design strategy for TADF molecules,in which a small △ES1-T1 can be achieved by enlarging the delocalization of frontier molecular orbitals with large separation between HOMO and LUMO, is proposed.展开更多
The catalytic activity of Perovskite-type mixed oxides (LaCoO3, PrCoO3 and SmCoO3) for the reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol with 2-propanol (Meerwein-PonndorfVerley reduction) has been studied. The data have...The catalytic activity of Perovskite-type mixed oxides (LaCoO3, PrCoO3 and SmCoO3) for the reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol with 2-propanol (Meerwein-PonndorfVerley reduction) has been studied. The data have been correlated with the surface electron donor properties of these mixed oxides展开更多
A policy adopted in Pujiang County, east China＇s Zhejiang Province, has triggered an online debate as it says students can get additional scores in the high school entrance examination if their parents donate blood t...A policy adopted in Pujiang County, east China＇s Zhejiang Province, has triggered an online debate as it says students can get additional scores in the high school entrance examination if their parents donate blood to the local blood bank. According to the controversial regulation, students can receive additiona one to three scores if their parents donate 4,000-8,000 milliliters of blood.展开更多
There is worldwide shortage of organs for solid-organ transplantation. Many obstacles to deceased and live donation have been described and addressed, such as lack of understanding of the medical process, the issue of...There is worldwide shortage of organs for solid-organ transplantation. Many obstacles to deceased and live donation have been described and addressed, such as lack of understanding of the medical process, the issue of the definition of brain death, public awareness of the need for transplants, and many others. However, it is clear that the striking differences in deceased and live donation rates between different countries are only partly explained by these factors and many cultural and social reasons have been invoked to explain these observations. We believe that one obstacle to both deceased and live donation that is less well appreciated is that of religious concerns. Looking at the major faiths and religions worldwide, it is reassuring to see that most of them encourage donation. However, there is also scepticism amongst some of them, often relating to the concept of brain death and/or the processes surrounding death itself. It is worthwhile for transplant teams to be broadly aware of the issues and also to be mindful of resources for counselling. We believe that increased awareness of these issues within the transplant community will enable us to discuss these openly with patients, if they so wish.展开更多
The ABAB-type 1,4,15,18-tetrapentyloxy-8,11,22,25-tetrachlorophthalocyaninato magnesium compound Mg(trans-TPTCPc)(1)was successfully isolated from the mixed cyclic tetramerization of 4,7-bis(pentyloxy)-1,3-diiminoisoi...The ABAB-type 1,4,15,18-tetrapentyloxy-8,11,22,25-tetrachlorophthalocyaninato magnesium compound Mg(trans-TPTCPc)(1)was successfully isolated from the mixed cyclic tetramerization of 4,7-bis(pentyloxy)-1,3-diiminoisoindoline as precursor A,actually the 1,3-diiminoisoindoline form of 3,6-bis(pentyloxy)-1,2-benzenedinitrile,and 4,5-dichlorophthalonitrile as precursor B in refluxing pentanol in the presence of magnesium pentoxide in a relatively good yield of 6.2%.Its molecular structure was clearly revealed on the basis of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,representing the first structurally characterized ABAB-type phthalocyanine compound,simultaneously bearing electron-donating pentyloxy groups and electron-accepting chloro substituents.Nevertheless,with 1 as the starting material,the corresponding sandwich-type bis(phthalocyaninato)lutetium double-decker complex Lu^(Ⅲ)(trans-TPTCPc)_(2)(2)was also prepared and structurally characterized,showing a high hyperpolarizability of 1240×10^(-30) esu as determined by harmonic light scattering(HLS),indicating the great potential of these kinds of phthalocyanine compounds in the field of second-order NLO materials.展开更多
As an effective alternative to Lewis-acid activation,hydrogen-bond donating(HBD)organo-catalysis represents a powerful construction tool for important classes of carbon-carbon bonds,wherein metal-organic frameworks(MO...As an effective alternative to Lewis-acid activation,hydrogen-bond donating(HBD)organo-catalysis represents a powerful construction tool for important classes of carbon-carbon bonds,wherein metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)alleviate issues like self-quenching,solubility and reactivity.However,sizeselectivity is rather challenging in such catalysis,while the status quo is still unexplored when both H-bonding and open-metal sites(OMS)are present together in a single system.The pillar-bilayer Cd(Ⅱ)MOF with a rare(3,8)-connected 2-nodal network upholds uni-directional microporous channels integrated with free-NH groups from the urea-moiety of the N,N-donor linker,and aqua-molecule bound[Cd_(3)(COO)_(6)]cluster.The activated framework allows the highly efficient Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indole and β-nitrostyrene under relatively mild conditions with low catalyst loading and no leaching.The strategically designed MOF exhibits unaltered activity over multiple catalytic cycles,and corroborates its effectivity towards a wide range of substituted electrophiles and nucleophiles.Importantly,suitably sized pores generated by two-fold interpenetration restrict the entry of a sterically encumbered substrate and result in poor conversion,demonstrating the rarest pore-fitting-induced size-selectivity.Given that this pore-engineered MOF contains both coordination unsaturated Cd(Ⅱ)centres and unbound-NH groups as active interaction sites,explicit proof of the interaction of the MOF functionality with the-NO_(2) group of the reactant is elaborated for the first time in light of the change in emission intensity of the framework in the presence of an electrophile,a judicious choice of substrate,and an in-depth comparison of the catalytic activity of an isostructural framework without a urea-moiety.These control experiments unprecedentedly authenticate urea-moiety-mediated two-point hydrogen bonding in the proposed catalytic route,and simultaneously exclude any major role for OMS at the SBU.Apart from pore-induced sizeexclusive reactions,this MOF exemplifies site-specific Friedel-Crafts alkylation,and paves the way to tailor-made engineering of advanced functionalities in contemporary materials for unconventional HBD reactions at the interface of structure-property synergies.展开更多
Strong electron-donating dialkylamino groups were incoporated onto the phthalocyanine ligand in bis(phthalocyaninato)rare earth complexes for the first time to investigate their effects on the spectroscopic properties...Strong electron-donating dialkylamino groups were incoporated onto the phthalocyanine ligand in bis(phthalocyaninato)rare earth complexes for the first time to investigate their effects on the spectroscopic properties,electrochemistry,and electronic structure.展开更多
In the structures of the isostructural cocrystals[Cu^(I)_(3)(CNXyl)_(3)]·CHX_(3)(X=Br,I),two adjacent Cu^(I)-bound isocyanide groups,whose carbon lone pairs are blocked by ligation,exhibit nucleophilic properties...In the structures of the isostructural cocrystals[Cu^(I)_(3)(CNXyl)_(3)]·CHX_(3)(X=Br,I),two adjacent Cu^(I)-bound isocyanide groups,whose carbon lone pairs are blocked by ligation,exhibit nucleophilic properties induced by aπ-donating d10[Cu^(I)]center and function as an integrated two-center halogen bond acceptor forming bifurcatedμ_(2)-X⋯(C,C)halogen bonds.展开更多
Defects at the buried interface are the primary factors contributing to recombination losses and instability in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)with n-i-p structure.Here,a molecule with bilateral electron-donating groups,...Defects at the buried interface are the primary factors contributing to recombination losses and instability in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)with n-i-p structure.Here,a molecule with bilateral electron-donating groups,6-amino-1-hexanol(HAL),is introduced between SnO_(2)and perovskite(PVK)to optimize the characteristics of the buried interfacial properties,as well as the PVK film quality.The surface defects of SnO_(2)can be more effectively passivated,and its energy level structure can be tuned more appropriately.展开更多
BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparosc...BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices...Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices and infrastructure,making the establishment of a single global entity unfeasible.Even with these social disparities aside,logistical factors such as time and distance between organ procurement and transplantation sites pose significant challenges.While technological advancements have extended organ preservation times,they have yet to support the demands of transcontinental transplantations effectively.This review presents a comparative analysis of the structures,operational frameworks,policies,and legislation governing various transplant organizations around the world.Key differences pertain to the administration of these organizations,trends in organ donation,and organ allocation policies,which reflect the financial,cultural,and religious diversity across different regions.While a global transplant organization may be out of reach,agreeing on best practices for the benefit of patients is essential.展开更多
April 2025 China has over 7 million registered organ donors More than 7.05 million people in China have registered as voluntary organ donors,according to data released during an awareness-raising event for organ donat...April 2025 China has over 7 million registered organ donors More than 7.05 million people in China have registered as voluntary organ donors,according to data released during an awareness-raising event for organ donation held on April 1.To date,58,000 posthumous organ donation surgeries,more than 63,000 body donations and over 110,000 corneal donations have been carried out.These donations have saved the lives of more than 170,000 people experiencing organ failure,and restored sight to over 100,000 individuals.To honor the donors,over 280 memorial sites have been established around China.During the Qingming Festival each year,commemorative events will be held across the country to promote awareness of and encourage greater public participation in this life-saving initiative.展开更多
BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes...BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes and barriers toward organ donation.METHODSA cross-sectional study was adopted and included 607 samples consisting ofstudents, faculty, and staff who were selected from three universities in Ajmanand who had signed consent forms. A validated self-administered questionnairethat included 13 attitudes and 14 barrier items was used as a tool. The reliabilityof the tool was 0.89 (Cronbach's alpha). In the analysis of attitude scores, responseswere rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 representing 'strongly disagree'and 4 representing 'strongly agree' for supportive attitudes towards organdonation. Participants with a total attitude score of 39 or higher indicated agreementor strong agreement with all items, reflecting a generally supportiveattitude toward organ donation. Lower scores suggested that the respondent wasneutral or disagreed with one or more items, indicating a less supportive attitudetoward organ donation. Knowledge about organ donation was assessed by selfadministeredquestionnaire that included 13 items. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 29. χ2 was used to assess associations between variables.RESULTSMost participants were young (≤ 30 years old, 83.7%), female (79.2%), from World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region countries (69.5%), Muslim (82.4%), students (80.6%), single(83.9%), and from a nursing college (33.1%). The majority had no personal or family history of organ donation(93.2% and 93.9%, respectively). Supportive attitudes toward organ donation were significantly associated withreligion (P = 0.003), working status (P = 0.009), university (P = 0.019), and knowledge (P < 0.001). Additionally,those with a personal or family history of organ donation were significantly more supportive (56.8% vs 33.3%, P =0.004). Lack of awareness was the most reported barrier for organ donation (64.1%) followed by being afraid oforgan donation due to medical procedures required (51.9%).CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that supportive attitudes toward organ donation are influenced by demographic factors,personal experiences, and knowledge levels. Lack of awareness and fear of medical procedures were the mostreported barriers to organ donation. These results highlight the need for targeted educational programs to increaseawareness and promote positive attitudes toward organ donation.展开更多
China’s rice donation to Uganda’s drought-stricken Karamoja sub-region saves thousands from starvation.Afriend in need is a friend indeed,said Thomas Lokirut,an elder from Uganda’s Karamojong people after learning ...China’s rice donation to Uganda’s drought-stricken Karamoja sub-region saves thousands from starvation.Afriend in need is a friend indeed,said Thomas Lokirut,an elder from Uganda’s Karamojong people after learning that China had donated 1,610 tonnes of rice to his people.展开更多
On the morning of 23 December 2024,the Panda Pack and Bike Donation Ceremony in Cambodia under the Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was held at Balaing Khang Lech Primary School in Kampong Thom P...On the morning of 23 December 2024,the Panda Pack and Bike Donation Ceremony in Cambodia under the Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was held at Balaing Khang Lech Primary School in Kampong Thom Province.Over 150 participants including Kemreat Viseth,Deputy Director of the Council of Ministers of Cambodia and President of Civil Society Alliance Forum(CSAF),Nhek Ban Kheng,Deputy Governor of Kampong Thom Province.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver disease is a major cause of mortality in Mexico.Liver transplantation(LT)remains severely limited,and there are no reports on equity of access.AIM To analyze geographical disparities in LT access in M...BACKGROUND Liver disease is a major cause of mortality in Mexico.Liver transplantation(LT)remains severely limited,and there are no reports on equity of access.AIM To analyze geographical disparities in LT access in Mexico.METHODS LT waitlist registrations and LT rates in Mexico from 2014 to 2023 were assessed.LT listings per million persons(pmp)were calculated.Observed-to-expected listings were calculated by controlling listings pmp and mortality rate per 10000.LT and waitlist mortality was calculated as 90-day rate,overall rate and rate per 100 person-years.We compared access to waitlist,transplantation and mortality between patients living in Mexican States with higher LT activity and those living in other States.RESULTS There were 2600 new waitlist registrations;1572 registrations(60.4%)living in Mexico City and State,Jalisco and Nuevo Leon.There were 1755 LT;92.5%of them performed in States with higher LT activity,and 1101(62.7%vs 37.3%;P<0.001)done in patients living in those States.Listings pmp in the Mexican States with high LT activity were 3.8,1.5 vs 1.2,0.6(P<0.001);observed-to-expected listings were 1.3,0.4 vs 0.4,0.2(P<0.001);LT pmp were 2.7,0.9 vs 0.7,0.5(P<0.001).After controlling for other variables,patients living in high LT activity States had a HR 1.14(95%CI:1.03-1.26;P=0.009)to be a case of transplantation after listing.CONCLUSION Geographic disparities substantially affect LT access in Mexico.The population living near Transplant Centers has a 3.2-fold higher access to the waiting list and a 3.8-fold higher likelihood of LT.Current referral system,and resource allocation need urgent revision to remove the barriers associated with geographic disparity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Opioids are commonly used for management of post-operative pain in living kidney donors.Reducing exposure to opioids is desirable to minimize risk of dependence and potential side effects such as nausea,vom...BACKGROUND Opioids are commonly used for management of post-operative pain in living kidney donors.Reducing exposure to opioids is desirable to minimize risk of dependence and potential side effects such as nausea,vomiting,and constipation which may delay discharge.Liposomal bupivacaine,ketorolac,and scheduled acetaminophen have all demonstrated efficacy for management of post-operative pain in this population.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of an opioid-sparing protocol utilizing a multimodal pain management approach in living kidney donors post-nephrectomy.METHODS Single-center,retrospective chart review study examining 52 living kidney donors(26 pre-protocol implementation,26 post-protocol implementation)from May 24th,2019 to September 27th,2023.Patients in the post-protocol group received intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine,hydromorphone PCA(until able to tolerate oral medications),15 mg of intravenous ketorolac every 6 hours for 3 doses,and scheduled oral acetaminophen,in addition to oxycodone as needed for moderate to severe pain.The primary endpoint was oral morphine equivalent(OME)use within 48 hours post-surgery.Secondary endpoints include average daily pain scale within 48 hours post-surgery,length of stay(LOS)(days),and incidence of new acute kidney injury(AKI)or gastrointestinal(GI)bleed during admission per provider.Differences between the pre-and post-protocol implementation groups were compared utilizing the exact Wilcoxon test for continuous variables and either the Fisher’s Exact orχ^(2) test for categorical variables.RESULTS Patients in the pre-protocol implementation group received more OME(mg)within 48 hours post-surgery when compared to the post-protocol group(median:84.5 vs 69.0).The median of total OME over the course of admission was numerically greater the pre-protocol group(105.0 vs 69.0),and was significantly more per LOS(41.3 vs 25.7,P=0.02).Average daily pain score was not statistically significantly different between the two groups on postoperative day 1(median:5.3 vs 4.4;P=0.43)and post-operative day 2(median:4.7 vs 5.2;P=0.96).No significant differences were found in provider-identified incidences of AKI or GI bleeding during admission.There was no difference in serum creatinine at the time of discharge between the two groups.CONCLUSION A multimodal,opioid-sparing pain management protocol was as effective for pain control and resulted in significantly less opioid daily exposure over LOS.No adverse events were found related to use of ketorolac in patients undergoing donor nephrectomy.Our findings suggest that an opioid-sparing protocol is both safe and effective at minimizing opioid exposure and managing post-operative pain within the first 48 hours post-surgery.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11374195 and No.21403133),the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province,the Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province(No.BS2014CL001),and the General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M560571).
文摘First-principles calculations are applied for investigating influence of electron donating ability of donor groups in eight thermally activated delayed fluorescence（TADF） molecules on their geometrical structures and transition properties as well as reverse intersystem crossing（RISC） processes. Results show that the diphenylamine substitution in the donor part can slightly change the bond angle but decrease bond length between donor and acceptor unit except for the lowest triplet state（Ti） of carbazole-xanthone molecule. As the electron donating ability of donor groups is increased, the overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） is decreased. As the diphenylamine groups are added in donor part, the delocalization of HOMO is enlarged,which brings a decreased energy gap(△ES1-T1) between the lowest singlet excited state（S1）and T1 state. Furthermore, with the calculated spin-orbit coupling coefficient(HSO), one finds that the larger value of ■ is, the faster the RISC is. The results show that all investigated molecules are promising candidates as TADF molecules. Overall, a wise molecular design strategy for TADF molecules,in which a small △ES1-T1 can be achieved by enlarging the delocalization of frontier molecular orbitals with large separation between HOMO and LUMO, is proposed.
文摘The catalytic activity of Perovskite-type mixed oxides (LaCoO3, PrCoO3 and SmCoO3) for the reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol with 2-propanol (Meerwein-PonndorfVerley reduction) has been studied. The data have been correlated with the surface electron donor properties of these mixed oxides
文摘A policy adopted in Pujiang County, east China＇s Zhejiang Province, has triggered an online debate as it says students can get additional scores in the high school entrance examination if their parents donate blood to the local blood bank. According to the controversial regulation, students can receive additiona one to three scores if their parents donate 4,000-8,000 milliliters of blood.
文摘There is worldwide shortage of organs for solid-organ transplantation. Many obstacles to deceased and live donation have been described and addressed, such as lack of understanding of the medical process, the issue of the definition of brain death, public awareness of the need for transplants, and many others. However, it is clear that the striking differences in deceased and live donation rates between different countries are only partly explained by these factors and many cultural and social reasons have been invoked to explain these observations. We believe that one obstacle to both deceased and live donation that is less well appreciated is that of religious concerns. Looking at the major faiths and religions worldwide, it is reassuring to see that most of them encourage donation. However, there is also scepticism amongst some of them, often relating to the concept of brain death and/or the processes surrounding death itself. It is worthwhile for transplant teams to be broadly aware of the issues and also to be mindful of resources for counselling. We believe that increased awareness of these issues within the transplant community will enable us to discuss these openly with patients, if they so wish.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB933402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21290174,21301017,and 21401009)the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The ABAB-type 1,4,15,18-tetrapentyloxy-8,11,22,25-tetrachlorophthalocyaninato magnesium compound Mg(trans-TPTCPc)(1)was successfully isolated from the mixed cyclic tetramerization of 4,7-bis(pentyloxy)-1,3-diiminoisoindoline as precursor A,actually the 1,3-diiminoisoindoline form of 3,6-bis(pentyloxy)-1,2-benzenedinitrile,and 4,5-dichlorophthalonitrile as precursor B in refluxing pentanol in the presence of magnesium pentoxide in a relatively good yield of 6.2%.Its molecular structure was clearly revealed on the basis of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,representing the first structurally characterized ABAB-type phthalocyanine compound,simultaneously bearing electron-donating pentyloxy groups and electron-accepting chloro substituents.Nevertheless,with 1 as the starting material,the corresponding sandwich-type bis(phthalocyaninato)lutetium double-decker complex Lu^(Ⅲ)(trans-TPTCPc)_(2)(2)was also prepared and structurally characterized,showing a high hyperpolarizability of 1240×10^(-30) esu as determined by harmonic light scattering(HLS),indicating the great potential of these kinds of phthalocyanine compounds in the field of second-order NLO materials.
基金the DST-SERB(grant no.CRG/2021/002529)the CSIR(grant no.MLP-0028)+1 种基金support from AESD&CIF(CSMCRI).CSMCRI communication no.220/2021.
文摘As an effective alternative to Lewis-acid activation,hydrogen-bond donating(HBD)organo-catalysis represents a powerful construction tool for important classes of carbon-carbon bonds,wherein metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)alleviate issues like self-quenching,solubility and reactivity.However,sizeselectivity is rather challenging in such catalysis,while the status quo is still unexplored when both H-bonding and open-metal sites(OMS)are present together in a single system.The pillar-bilayer Cd(Ⅱ)MOF with a rare(3,8)-connected 2-nodal network upholds uni-directional microporous channels integrated with free-NH groups from the urea-moiety of the N,N-donor linker,and aqua-molecule bound[Cd_(3)(COO)_(6)]cluster.The activated framework allows the highly efficient Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indole and β-nitrostyrene under relatively mild conditions with low catalyst loading and no leaching.The strategically designed MOF exhibits unaltered activity over multiple catalytic cycles,and corroborates its effectivity towards a wide range of substituted electrophiles and nucleophiles.Importantly,suitably sized pores generated by two-fold interpenetration restrict the entry of a sterically encumbered substrate and result in poor conversion,demonstrating the rarest pore-fitting-induced size-selectivity.Given that this pore-engineered MOF contains both coordination unsaturated Cd(Ⅱ)centres and unbound-NH groups as active interaction sites,explicit proof of the interaction of the MOF functionality with the-NO_(2) group of the reactant is elaborated for the first time in light of the change in emission intensity of the framework in the presence of an electrophile,a judicious choice of substrate,and an in-depth comparison of the catalytic activity of an isostructural framework without a urea-moiety.These control experiments unprecedentedly authenticate urea-moiety-mediated two-point hydrogen bonding in the proposed catalytic route,and simultaneously exclude any major role for OMS at the SBU.Apart from pore-induced sizeexclusive reactions,this MOF exemplifies site-specific Friedel-Crafts alkylation,and paves the way to tailor-made engineering of advanced functionalities in contemporary materials for unconventional HBD reactions at the interface of structure-property synergies.
基金support from the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB933402)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21290174,21631003,21671017,21301017,and 21401009)the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,and the University of Science and Technology Beijing is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Strong electron-donating dialkylamino groups were incoporated onto the phthalocyanine ligand in bis(phthalocyaninato)rare earth complexes for the first time to investigate their effects on the spectroscopic properties,electrochemistry,and electronic structure.
基金funded by the Russian Science Foundation(project 19-13-00013)Measurements were performed at the Center for Magnetic Resonance,Center for X-ray Diffraction Studies,Center for Chemical Analysis and Materials Research,and Chemistry Educational Center(all belonging to Saint Petersburg State University).A.F.thanks the MICIU/AEI of Spain(project PID2020-115637GB-I00,FEDER funds)for financial support of these theoretical studies.
文摘In the structures of the isostructural cocrystals[Cu^(I)_(3)(CNXyl)_(3)]·CHX_(3)(X=Br,I),two adjacent Cu^(I)-bound isocyanide groups,whose carbon lone pairs are blocked by ligation,exhibit nucleophilic properties induced by aπ-donating d10[Cu^(I)]center and function as an integrated two-center halogen bond acceptor forming bifurcatedμ_(2)-X⋯(C,C)halogen bonds.
基金supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271106,51972123,61804058,U20A20150,and U1705256)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Cast of China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20210285)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011613).
文摘Defects at the buried interface are the primary factors contributing to recombination losses and instability in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)with n-i-p structure.Here,a molecule with bilateral electron-donating groups,6-amino-1-hexanol(HAL),is introduced between SnO_(2)and perovskite(PVK)to optimize the characteristics of the buried interfacial properties,as well as the PVK film quality.The surface defects of SnO_(2)can be more effectively passivated,and its energy level structure can be tuned more appropriately.
文摘BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
文摘Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices and infrastructure,making the establishment of a single global entity unfeasible.Even with these social disparities aside,logistical factors such as time and distance between organ procurement and transplantation sites pose significant challenges.While technological advancements have extended organ preservation times,they have yet to support the demands of transcontinental transplantations effectively.This review presents a comparative analysis of the structures,operational frameworks,policies,and legislation governing various transplant organizations around the world.Key differences pertain to the administration of these organizations,trends in organ donation,and organ allocation policies,which reflect the financial,cultural,and religious diversity across different regions.While a global transplant organization may be out of reach,agreeing on best practices for the benefit of patients is essential.
文摘April 2025 China has over 7 million registered organ donors More than 7.05 million people in China have registered as voluntary organ donors,according to data released during an awareness-raising event for organ donation held on April 1.To date,58,000 posthumous organ donation surgeries,more than 63,000 body donations and over 110,000 corneal donations have been carried out.These donations have saved the lives of more than 170,000 people experiencing organ failure,and restored sight to over 100,000 individuals.To honor the donors,over 280 memorial sites have been established around China.During the Qingming Festival each year,commemorative events will be held across the country to promote awareness of and encourage greater public participation in this life-saving initiative.
文摘BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes and barriers toward organ donation.METHODSA cross-sectional study was adopted and included 607 samples consisting ofstudents, faculty, and staff who were selected from three universities in Ajmanand who had signed consent forms. A validated self-administered questionnairethat included 13 attitudes and 14 barrier items was used as a tool. The reliabilityof the tool was 0.89 (Cronbach's alpha). In the analysis of attitude scores, responseswere rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 representing 'strongly disagree'and 4 representing 'strongly agree' for supportive attitudes towards organdonation. Participants with a total attitude score of 39 or higher indicated agreementor strong agreement with all items, reflecting a generally supportiveattitude toward organ donation. Lower scores suggested that the respondent wasneutral or disagreed with one or more items, indicating a less supportive attitudetoward organ donation. Knowledge about organ donation was assessed by selfadministeredquestionnaire that included 13 items. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 29. χ2 was used to assess associations between variables.RESULTSMost participants were young (≤ 30 years old, 83.7%), female (79.2%), from World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region countries (69.5%), Muslim (82.4%), students (80.6%), single(83.9%), and from a nursing college (33.1%). The majority had no personal or family history of organ donation(93.2% and 93.9%, respectively). Supportive attitudes toward organ donation were significantly associated withreligion (P = 0.003), working status (P = 0.009), university (P = 0.019), and knowledge (P < 0.001). Additionally,those with a personal or family history of organ donation were significantly more supportive (56.8% vs 33.3%, P =0.004). Lack of awareness was the most reported barrier for organ donation (64.1%) followed by being afraid oforgan donation due to medical procedures required (51.9%).CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that supportive attitudes toward organ donation are influenced by demographic factors,personal experiences, and knowledge levels. Lack of awareness and fear of medical procedures were the mostreported barriers to organ donation. These results highlight the need for targeted educational programs to increaseawareness and promote positive attitudes toward organ donation.
文摘China’s rice donation to Uganda’s drought-stricken Karamoja sub-region saves thousands from starvation.Afriend in need is a friend indeed,said Thomas Lokirut,an elder from Uganda’s Karamojong people after learning that China had donated 1,610 tonnes of rice to his people.
文摘On the morning of 23 December 2024,the Panda Pack and Bike Donation Ceremony in Cambodia under the Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was held at Balaing Khang Lech Primary School in Kampong Thom Province.Over 150 participants including Kemreat Viseth,Deputy Director of the Council of Ministers of Cambodia and President of Civil Society Alliance Forum(CSAF),Nhek Ban Kheng,Deputy Governor of Kampong Thom Province.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver disease is a major cause of mortality in Mexico.Liver transplantation(LT)remains severely limited,and there are no reports on equity of access.AIM To analyze geographical disparities in LT access in Mexico.METHODS LT waitlist registrations and LT rates in Mexico from 2014 to 2023 were assessed.LT listings per million persons(pmp)were calculated.Observed-to-expected listings were calculated by controlling listings pmp and mortality rate per 10000.LT and waitlist mortality was calculated as 90-day rate,overall rate and rate per 100 person-years.We compared access to waitlist,transplantation and mortality between patients living in Mexican States with higher LT activity and those living in other States.RESULTS There were 2600 new waitlist registrations;1572 registrations(60.4%)living in Mexico City and State,Jalisco and Nuevo Leon.There were 1755 LT;92.5%of them performed in States with higher LT activity,and 1101(62.7%vs 37.3%;P<0.001)done in patients living in those States.Listings pmp in the Mexican States with high LT activity were 3.8,1.5 vs 1.2,0.6(P<0.001);observed-to-expected listings were 1.3,0.4 vs 0.4,0.2(P<0.001);LT pmp were 2.7,0.9 vs 0.7,0.5(P<0.001).After controlling for other variables,patients living in high LT activity States had a HR 1.14(95%CI:1.03-1.26;P=0.009)to be a case of transplantation after listing.CONCLUSION Geographic disparities substantially affect LT access in Mexico.The population living near Transplant Centers has a 3.2-fold higher access to the waiting list and a 3.8-fold higher likelihood of LT.Current referral system,and resource allocation need urgent revision to remove the barriers associated with geographic disparity.
文摘BACKGROUND Opioids are commonly used for management of post-operative pain in living kidney donors.Reducing exposure to opioids is desirable to minimize risk of dependence and potential side effects such as nausea,vomiting,and constipation which may delay discharge.Liposomal bupivacaine,ketorolac,and scheduled acetaminophen have all demonstrated efficacy for management of post-operative pain in this population.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of an opioid-sparing protocol utilizing a multimodal pain management approach in living kidney donors post-nephrectomy.METHODS Single-center,retrospective chart review study examining 52 living kidney donors(26 pre-protocol implementation,26 post-protocol implementation)from May 24th,2019 to September 27th,2023.Patients in the post-protocol group received intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine,hydromorphone PCA(until able to tolerate oral medications),15 mg of intravenous ketorolac every 6 hours for 3 doses,and scheduled oral acetaminophen,in addition to oxycodone as needed for moderate to severe pain.The primary endpoint was oral morphine equivalent(OME)use within 48 hours post-surgery.Secondary endpoints include average daily pain scale within 48 hours post-surgery,length of stay(LOS)(days),and incidence of new acute kidney injury(AKI)or gastrointestinal(GI)bleed during admission per provider.Differences between the pre-and post-protocol implementation groups were compared utilizing the exact Wilcoxon test for continuous variables and either the Fisher’s Exact orχ^(2) test for categorical variables.RESULTS Patients in the pre-protocol implementation group received more OME(mg)within 48 hours post-surgery when compared to the post-protocol group(median:84.5 vs 69.0).The median of total OME over the course of admission was numerically greater the pre-protocol group(105.0 vs 69.0),and was significantly more per LOS(41.3 vs 25.7,P=0.02).Average daily pain score was not statistically significantly different between the two groups on postoperative day 1(median:5.3 vs 4.4;P=0.43)and post-operative day 2(median:4.7 vs 5.2;P=0.96).No significant differences were found in provider-identified incidences of AKI or GI bleeding during admission.There was no difference in serum creatinine at the time of discharge between the two groups.CONCLUSION A multimodal,opioid-sparing pain management protocol was as effective for pain control and resulted in significantly less opioid daily exposure over LOS.No adverse events were found related to use of ketorolac in patients undergoing donor nephrectomy.Our findings suggest that an opioid-sparing protocol is both safe and effective at minimizing opioid exposure and managing post-operative pain within the first 48 hours post-surgery.
