[Objective] The aim was to study the genetic diversities between Xiaogan water chestnut and wild chestnut with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technology. [Method] Genetic diversities of the local cultivat...[Objective] The aim was to study the genetic diversities between Xiaogan water chestnut and wild chestnut with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technology. [Method] Genetic diversities of the local cultivated water chestnut,wild chestnut,Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt were analyzed by RAPD technology. [Result] Among the screened random primers 841,842,807 and 840,the polymorphism of amplification product of 841 was evident,and the obtained bands in electrophoresis were clear and showed good repeatability. Cluster analysis result showed that the affinity of cultivated water chestnut and wild water chestnut was nearer than that between Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality new varieties of water chestnut.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differen...Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories： oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.展开更多
With Maolan Nature Reserve as an example, its forest landscape characteristics and diversity were studied by utilizing GIS. The results showed that the overall forest landscape in Maolan Nature Reserve was quite good,...With Maolan Nature Reserve as an example, its forest landscape characteristics and diversity were studied by utilizing GIS. The results showed that the overall forest landscape in Maolan Nature Reserve was quite good, but with the increasing natural interferences and human activities, shrub forests and non-woodland landscape types have been multiplied; among the 3 functional zones of the Nature Reserve, landscape fragmentation degree is low in core zone and buffer zone, but high in experimental zone.展开更多
Globalization increases mobilities and multiplies identities in Asia.Singapore,a city state with diverse Asian communities,amplifies this trend.In the 1990s,Singapore recruited large numbers of Western educated Chines...Globalization increases mobilities and multiplies identities in Asia.Singapore,a city state with diverse Asian communities,amplifies this trend.In the 1990s,Singapore recruited large numbers of Western educated Chinese scholars,who formed new diasporas across Asia and became catalyst for further cultural diversities.This multifaceted Asian phenomenon can be best exemplified in Chinese scholar-director Grant Shen’s contemporary productions of the traditional Chinese opera—The West Wing(2008,2016).This study discusses issues of mobilities,identities,and diversities through The West Wing,in which the performers are predominantly from Asian diasporas.The mobility of Grant Shen from China to Singapore via the US diversifies his cultural identity,at once rooted deeply in Chinese culture while openly embracing Western liberalism and Singaporean plurality.His theatre productions,boldly adopting pop music,employing trendy language,and recreating pro-feminist scenes,vividly attest to cultural diversities.Identity issues come to the fore when this well-received play in Singapore toured Shanghai,where it was welcomed by the young but frowned upon by others as subversive to Chinese tradition.This study views the multiplicity of Singapore as a fertile land for productions foretelling the plural future Asia.展开更多
The methods of DAPI staining epifluorescence microscopy and T-RFLP analysis were used to analyze the microbial abundance and diversity in surface seawater sampled from 12 stations inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Ba...The methods of DAPI staining epifluorescence microscopy and T-RFLP analysis were used to analyze the microbial abundance and diversity in surface seawater sampled from 12 stations inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay during a survey on 12 and 13 September 2004. The abundance of total microbes is in the range of 10^6～ 10^7 cells/cm^3, similar to those of most semi-enclosed bays in the temperate areas in the world. The highest microbial densities occur in the northeastern part of the Jiaozhou Bay, around the mouths of Loushan and Licun Rivers and the Hongdao aquacultural farming areas, suggesting that the degree and characteristics of pollutions, along with geographical and hydrological effects, may be important determinants affecting the abundance and distribution of bacteria in the Jiaozhou Bay. Bacterial communities inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay can be grouped into three classes based on T-RFLP patterns and cluster analyses. Stations at the water channel of the bay mouth and outside, such as D1, D3, D5, D6 and D7, are grouped together to stand for the outside bacterial community interacting with the environment outside of the Jiaozhou Bay. Stations of the innermost side of the Jiaozhou Bay, such as A3, A5, B2 and Y1, are grouped together to stand for the residential bacteria community. Stations C1, C3 and CA are grouped together and may stand for the transitional bacterial assemblage between the residential community and the outside community. However, there is no such a defined relationship for the case of cyanobacterial diversity, indicating the fact that cyanobacteria are more flexible and adaptable to all kinds of conditions.展开更多
Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes,including interactions with various microbes...Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes,including interactions with various microbes both beneficial and harmful.Considering microbes as bioreactors,the chemical diversity undergoes dynamic changes when root-derived specialized metabolites(RSMs)and microbes encounter each other in the rhizosphere.Recent advancements in sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools have not only accelerated the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of RSMs but also unveiled the significance of RSMs in plant-microbe interactions.In this review,we provide a comprehensive description of the effects of RSMs on microbe assembly in the rhizosphere and the influence of corresponding microbial changes on plant health,incorporating the most up-to-date information available.Additionally,we highlight open questions that remain for a deeper understanding of and harnessing the potential of RSM-microbe interactions to enhance plant adaptation to the environment.Finally,we propose a pipeline for investigating the intricate associations between root exometabolites and the rhizomicrobiome.展开更多
The presence and introduction of new potato cultivars in Kosovo has increased the yield per unit area but reduced the cultivation of native potato population. Indigenous potato is linked to specific adaptations to loc...The presence and introduction of new potato cultivars in Kosovo has increased the yield per unit area but reduced the cultivation of native potato population. Indigenous potato is linked to specific adaptations to local fanning system and specific agro ecological conditions. This research was conducted in Prishtina region which is located in the Kosovo agro ecological region （42°38′97″ latitude and 21°08′45＂ longitude at 574 m.a.s.l ）. Plant material used in this research was 18 potato accessions with different origins. The experimental design was a randomized complete block （RCB） with three replicates, while the plot sizes were 4.20 m^2. All observation and analysis were carried out on 12 plants from each accession. All characters were measured in the field and laboratory at the normal harvest time. Morphological diversity was characterized using standard descriptors. The genetic diversity studies of the investigated potato accessions showed significant genetic variation on 17 physiological and chemical parameters, which could be largely due to that they were of different origins. The genetic diversity of potato cultivars offers a wealth of natural resources from which breeders can select the most desirable genotypes based on their favorable traits.展开更多
The oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface and are rich in the most advantageous and characteristic resources of marine microbes. The research on diversity is the key point for exploring and exploiting marine ...The oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface and are rich in the most advantageous and characteristic resources of marine microbes. The research on diversity is the key point for exploring and exploiting marine microbial resources. Giving attention to species diversity and genetic diversity of marine microbes, discovering novel metabolites with multiple functions, revealing key secondary metabolic process and the main regulation mechanisms in marine microbes, and developing a new technology of biosynthesis, are the important foundation for discovering innovative drugs and developing functional products with characteristics. The present paper has reviewed the recent advances in the four research areas of marine microbial species diversity, genetic diversity, chemical diversity and metabolic diversity in China.展开更多
Free living marine nematodes were sampled from two sandy beaches in Dalian City,in December of 2015,and April,July,and October of 2016.The spatial and seasonal variations of marine nematode species diversity(based on ...Free living marine nematodes were sampled from two sandy beaches in Dalian City,in December of 2015,and April,July,and October of 2016.The spatial and seasonal variations of marine nematode species diversity(based on species abundance dataset)and functional diversity(based on functional traits dataset:feeding types and life history strategies)were investigated to understand the environmental drivers and how they respond to specific environmental variations.Sediment granularity was revealed to be the main environmental factor causing spatial differences in nematode diversity indices between the two beaches.Species diversity indices,namely species number,Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’),were higher in fine-grained sediments,while the functional diversity indices,including functional evenness,functional dispersion,and Rao’s quadratic entropy index(RaoQ),were higher in coarse-grained sediments.Nematode species diversity indices also fluctuated with seasonal variations of temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH,salinity,and sediment chlorophyll-a within the study beaches.However,functional diversity indices did not show significant seasonal variations and exhibited weak correlation with the studied environmental variables.Overall,the functional diversity indices were negatively correlated with the species diversity indices,suggesting an inconsistent response to environmental changes.A decrease in nematode species diversity in coarse sands,accompanied by an increase in functional diversity,can be regarded as an early warning signal of environment disturbance.If more biological traits are involved in calculating functional diversity indices,it will be helpful for the future study of the internal connections of species diversity and functional diversity.展开更多
Synthetic chemicals have been widely used in modern agriculture as fertilizer,plant growth regulators and pesticides.Although the chemical inputs improved the crop production,it is well known about their negative effe...Synthetic chemicals have been widely used in modern agriculture as fertilizer,plant growth regulators and pesticides.Although the chemical inputs improved the crop production,it is well known about their negative effects,such as environmental residues in water,soil and animals,pest resistance and resurgence and the residues in agricultural produces.The demands for safer food and more friendly environment are now more preferred by humankind in the world.Microbes have already become an alternate for chemical inputs in some aspects in agriculture.The microbes can produce very diverse volatile organic compounds(mVOCs)which play important roles in the interactions between plant and microbes,or among intraspecies or interspecies of microbes.Many mVOCs showed diverse agroactivities,such as insecticidal,bactericidal,fungicidal,herbicidal,plant growth promotion and abiotic stress-tolerance inducing activities.The agroactive mVOCs have diverse structure-types,such as alkane,alkenes,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,carboxylic acid,esters and lactones,ethers,aromatic ring,terpenes,heterocycles,sulphur-containing VOCs.The promising agroactive properties make it possible to apply mVOCs and their producing microorganisms or synthetic mimics or agroactive mVOCs in crop protection,and so this review focuses on the chemical diversity,agroactivities,and potential application of mVOCs.展开更多
Haemosporidian parasites are widespread among birds globally,with impacts ranging from severe disease to negligible effects,particularly in host species that have coevolved with their parasites.Despite their ecologica...Haemosporidian parasites are widespread among birds globally,with impacts ranging from severe disease to negligible effects,particularly in host species that have coevolved with their parasites.Despite their ecological importance,the divereity and prevalence of these parasites in the Afrotropical region remain poorly understood,especially in urban environments.Our study investigated the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts,focusing on differences between urban and non-urban habitats.We screened 95birds from various species in Nigeria and investigated whether urbanization is associated with chan ges in the prevalence and richness of lineages of three haemosporidian parasites(Haemoproteus,Plasmodium,and Leucocytozoon).We found a haemosporidian prevalence of 36.8%with genus-specific differences between urban and non-urban habitats.The probability of Haemoproteus infection was higher in urban than non-urban habitats,but Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon did not differ between these habitats.Moreover,Haemoproteus lineages were exclusively found in urban habitats,while most Plasmodium lineages were restricted to non-urban habitats.Notably,we expanded the knowledge on diversity of haemosporidian lineages and avian hosts in the Afrotropics,with the first-ever record of hPYNJOC1 and pLUME2 lineages for the region,and the addition of new hosts for four Haemoproteus and two Plasmodium lineages.Our findings highlight the complexity of host-parasite relationships and the need for further research into the dynamics of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts inhabiting diverse habitats.Overall,our study contributes to a better understanding of the prevalence,diversity,and distribution of haemosporidian parasites in the Afrotropics,emphasizing the importance of continued surveillance and monitoring to inform strategies for avian conservation and management.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a random access scheme termed sign-compute diversity slotted ALOHA(SCDSA).The SCDSA scheme combines diversity transmission with compute-and-forward.Without considering the capture effect and m...In this paper,we propose a random access scheme termed sign-compute diversity slotted ALOHA(SCDSA).The SCDSA scheme combines diversity transmission with compute-and-forward.Without considering the capture effect and multiple user detection techniques,our scheme can reach a high throughput of 0.98 without feedback under finite frame size settings,where the upper bound on performance is 1.Moreover,a lower bound on throughput performance is derived,which is tight in some parameter settings and can be used to approximate theoretical performance.Simulation results validate our analysis and confirm the advantages of our proposed scheme.展开更多
Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activ...Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.展开更多
Habitat loss driven by land-use change is a major factor shaping the dynamics of urban bird community structures.However,the potential mechanisms by which the spatial configuration and composition of blue-green infras...Habitat loss driven by land-use change is a major factor shaping the dynamics of urban bird community structures.However,the potential mechanisms by which the spatial configuration and composition of blue-green infrastructure,recognized as biodiversity hotspots in urban landscapes,influence urban bird beta diversity remain insufficiently understood.This study was conducted in the built-up area of Yinchuan,an internationally recognized wetland city in Northwest China.From December 2023 to June 2024,we systematically surveyed bird communities during both the breeding and wintering periods across 29 blue-green space mosaics.We quantified taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity,along with their turnover component and nestedness-resultant component,based on both pairwise beta diversity and multiple-site beta diversity.We further assessed the relative importance of landscape variables and spatial geographic distance in shaping beta diversity patterns and used hierarchical modeling of species communities(HMSC)to explore the responses of bird occurrence and functional traits to landscape variables.Our results revealed that species turnover was the dominant driver of taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity.Seasonal differences were observed in the effects of spatial geographic distance and landscape structure on beta diversity and its components,with landscape variables showing higher explanatory power than geographic isolation.In the breeding period,landscape diversity and waterbody area had positive effects on bird occurrence,whereas in the wintering period,most landscape features—except for landscape diversity—exerted neutral or negative influences.Regarding functional traits,we found that reproductive traits,flight ability,and foraging characteristics responded significantly to landscape structure,and that some small-bodied species active in aerial and canopy layers were more adaptable to habitat fragmentation.This study provides novel insights into the assembly processes and driving mechanisms of urban bird communities and offers scientific support for the notion that designing and maintaining blue-green infrastructure can contribute to urban biodiversity conservation.展开更多
Understanding how genetic variation within forest species influences growth responses under climate change is essential for improving the accuracy of forest models and guiding adaptive management strategies.This study...Understanding how genetic variation within forest species influences growth responses under climate change is essential for improving the accuracy of forest models and guiding adaptive management strategies.This study models the dynamics of Italian silver fir(Abies alba)forests under varying climate change scenarios using the forest gap model FORMIND.Focusing on three distinct silver fir provenances(Western Alps,Northern Apennines,and Southern Apennines),the study simulates forest growth in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine National Park under different representative concentration pathways(RCPs).The individual-based model FORMIND was parameterized and validated with field data for each of the provenances,demonstrating its ability to accurately reproduce key forest metrics and dynamics.Our results reveal significant differences in expected growth patterns,productivity,metabolism,and carbon storage capacity among the silver fir provenances in pure and mixed stands.In the simulations,the Northern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass production(biomass>10%±1%)and carbon uptake(net primary productivity,NPP>8%±1%)at the end of the century compared to the Western Alps provenance in the pure provenance(PP)and no regeneration scenario.Conversely,the Southern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass(biomass>5%–10%)and NPP(>15%–18%)in mixed provenance(MP)and regeneration scenarios.These results show that genetic diversity strongly affects forest growth and resilience to environmental changes.Hence,it should be included as a predictor variable in forest models.The study also demonstrates the resilience of silver fir to climatic stressors,emphasizing its potential as a robust species in multiple forest contexts.The integration of forest provenance data into the FORMIND model represents a significant advancement in forest modelling,enabling more accurate and reliable predictions under climate change scenarios.The study's findings advocate for a greater understanding and consideration of genetic diversity in forest management and conservation strategies,in support of assisted migration strategies aiming to enhance the resilience of forest ecosystems in a changing climate.展开更多
Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges...Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).展开更多
Urbanization has profoundly reshaped biodiversity,yet its impacts on community seasonal changes remain poorly understood.Here,we used citizen science data from 839 bird species in 37 cities and their corresponding rur...Urbanization has profoundly reshaped biodiversity,yet its impacts on community seasonal changes remain poorly understood.Here,we used citizen science data from 839 bird species in 37 cities and their corresponding rural areas in China to assess how urbanization alters seasonal changes in bird communities.We calculated S??rensen beta dissimilarity indices(β_(sor))between seasons to compare the seasonality of communities in urban and rural areas and decomposed these indices into turnover(β_(sim))and nestedness(β_(nes))components.We evaluated whether there are differences in the latitudinal clines in community seasonality between urban and rural areas,and explored whether environmental and socio-economic factors affect the urbanization-driven changes in community seasonality.Our results show that the overall seasonalβ_(sor)in urban communities was 16.2%higher than in rural areas,due to a 49.5%increase inβ_(nes)(urban:0.22±0.12 vs.rural:0.15±0.08),but there was no significant difference inβ_(sim).In rural areas,β_(sor)increased with latitude,butβ_(sor)showed no latitudinal trend in urban communities.Human population emerges as a key predictor of urbanization-driven changes in the species turnover and nestedness components,with larger cities showing lower species turnover but higher nestedness components.We conclude that urbanization alters the seasonality of bird communities through nestedness components,decouples the relationship between community seasonality and latitude,and concentrates its impacts in densely populated cities.Future research must employ long-term monitoring to track how urbanization changes bird communities in space and time.展开更多
Non-native plants are increasingly recognized as ecosystem engineers across a wide range of ecosystems.While their impacts on understory composition have been widely documented,consequences for community assembly rema...Non-native plants are increasingly recognized as ecosystem engineers across a wide range of ecosystems.While their impacts on understory composition have been widely documented,consequences for community assembly remain largely unexplored.We investigated the engineering impacts of Sorbaria sorbifolia,a naturalized Rosaceae shrub,on abiotic conditions and understory community assembly in Central European forests.Across 60 plots spanning coniferous and deciduous stands,we quantified light availability,organic layer C/N ratio and thickness,and understory functional diversity along an invasion gradient.Using ordination and linear regression,we found that increasing S.sorbifolia cover reduced light availability,thickened the organic layer,and altered C/N ratio in contrasting,forest-type-specific ways.In coniferous stands,invasion increased C/N and strongly suppressed understory light,whereas in deciduous stands it reduced C/N with weaker shading effects.These changes translate into consistent declines in functional richness and dispersion,particularly in coniferous forests where invasion led to homogenization of the understory.Trait shifts indicated stronger habitat filtering under invasion,with declines in specific leaf area(SLA)and increases in leaf dry matter content and seed mass,reflecting exclusion of light-demanding species and persistence of stress-tolerant taxa and woody seedlings.Remarkably,once S.sorbifolia exceeded~50%cover,positive relationships between habitat properties and understory functional diversity collapsed,replaced by uniform light limitation.This threshold effect highlights S.sorbifolia as an ecosystem engineer,capable of transforming forest structure and regeneration trajectories.Early detection and management are therefore crucial to prevent long-term homogenization and the formation of novel,invasion-driven forest states.展开更多
Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identificati...Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2005ABA084)Major Projects of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (04Z002)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the genetic diversities between Xiaogan water chestnut and wild chestnut with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technology. [Method] Genetic diversities of the local cultivated water chestnut,wild chestnut,Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt were analyzed by RAPD technology. [Result] Among the screened random primers 841,842,807 and 840,the polymorphism of amplification product of 841 was evident,and the obtained bands in electrophoresis were clear and showed good repeatability. Cluster analysis result showed that the affinity of cultivated water chestnut and wild water chestnut was nearer than that between Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality new varieties of water chestnut.
基金supported by the Tarim Oil Field Research InstituteNational Natural Science Foundation (sanctified number:40602016)National Key Basic Research and Development Projects (Itemnumber:113404GJ0003)
文摘Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories： oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(40971160)Project of Guizhou Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2007-2049)+2 种基金Guizhou Provincial High-grade Talents Project(TZJF-2008-40)Supporting Project for Guizhou Provincial Outstanding Young S&T Talents in 2009Key Project of Guizhou Normal University Students'Tasks~~
文摘With Maolan Nature Reserve as an example, its forest landscape characteristics and diversity were studied by utilizing GIS. The results showed that the overall forest landscape in Maolan Nature Reserve was quite good, but with the increasing natural interferences and human activities, shrub forests and non-woodland landscape types have been multiplied; among the 3 functional zones of the Nature Reserve, landscape fragmentation degree is low in core zone and buffer zone, but high in experimental zone.
文摘Globalization increases mobilities and multiplies identities in Asia.Singapore,a city state with diverse Asian communities,amplifies this trend.In the 1990s,Singapore recruited large numbers of Western educated Chinese scholars,who formed new diasporas across Asia and became catalyst for further cultural diversities.This multifaceted Asian phenomenon can be best exemplified in Chinese scholar-director Grant Shen’s contemporary productions of the traditional Chinese opera—The West Wing(2008,2016).This study discusses issues of mobilities,identities,and diversities through The West Wing,in which the performers are predominantly from Asian diasporas.The mobility of Grant Shen from China to Singapore via the US diversifies his cultural identity,at once rooted deeply in Chinese culture while openly embracing Western liberalism and Singaporean plurality.His theatre productions,boldly adopting pop music,employing trendy language,and recreating pro-feminist scenes,vividly attest to cultural diversities.Identity issues come to the fore when this well-received play in Singapore toured Shanghai,where it was welcomed by the young but frowned upon by others as subversive to Chinese tradition.This study views the multiplicity of Singapore as a fertile land for productions foretelling the plural future Asia.
基金financially supported by the Pilot Projects of Knowledge Innovation Project,Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract Nos KZCX3-SW-214,KZCX3-SW-223 and KZCX3-SW-233the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40476058 and 40576069.
文摘The methods of DAPI staining epifluorescence microscopy and T-RFLP analysis were used to analyze the microbial abundance and diversity in surface seawater sampled from 12 stations inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay during a survey on 12 and 13 September 2004. The abundance of total microbes is in the range of 10^6～ 10^7 cells/cm^3, similar to those of most semi-enclosed bays in the temperate areas in the world. The highest microbial densities occur in the northeastern part of the Jiaozhou Bay, around the mouths of Loushan and Licun Rivers and the Hongdao aquacultural farming areas, suggesting that the degree and characteristics of pollutions, along with geographical and hydrological effects, may be important determinants affecting the abundance and distribution of bacteria in the Jiaozhou Bay. Bacterial communities inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay can be grouped into three classes based on T-RFLP patterns and cluster analyses. Stations at the water channel of the bay mouth and outside, such as D1, D3, D5, D6 and D7, are grouped together to stand for the outside bacterial community interacting with the environment outside of the Jiaozhou Bay. Stations of the innermost side of the Jiaozhou Bay, such as A3, A5, B2 and Y1, are grouped together to stand for the residential bacteria community. Stations C1, C3 and CA are grouped together and may stand for the transitional bacterial assemblage between the residential community and the outside community. However, there is no such a defined relationship for the case of cyanobacterial diversity, indicating the fact that cyanobacteria are more flexible and adaptable to all kinds of conditions.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0900603 to G.W.and 2022YFF1001800 to Y.B.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.32000232)to X.W.the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(SKLPG2016A-13)to G.W.
文摘Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes,including interactions with various microbes both beneficial and harmful.Considering microbes as bioreactors,the chemical diversity undergoes dynamic changes when root-derived specialized metabolites(RSMs)and microbes encounter each other in the rhizosphere.Recent advancements in sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools have not only accelerated the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of RSMs but also unveiled the significance of RSMs in plant-microbe interactions.In this review,we provide a comprehensive description of the effects of RSMs on microbe assembly in the rhizosphere and the influence of corresponding microbial changes on plant health,incorporating the most up-to-date information available.Additionally,we highlight open questions that remain for a deeper understanding of and harnessing the potential of RSM-microbe interactions to enhance plant adaptation to the environment.Finally,we propose a pipeline for investigating the intricate associations between root exometabolites and the rhizomicrobiome.
文摘The presence and introduction of new potato cultivars in Kosovo has increased the yield per unit area but reduced the cultivation of native potato population. Indigenous potato is linked to specific adaptations to local fanning system and specific agro ecological conditions. This research was conducted in Prishtina region which is located in the Kosovo agro ecological region （42°38′97″ latitude and 21°08′45＂ longitude at 574 m.a.s.l ）. Plant material used in this research was 18 potato accessions with different origins. The experimental design was a randomized complete block （RCB） with three replicates, while the plot sizes were 4.20 m^2. All observation and analysis were carried out on 12 plants from each accession. All characters were measured in the field and laboratory at the normal harvest time. Morphological diversity was characterized using standard descriptors. The genetic diversity studies of the investigated potato accessions showed significant genetic variation on 17 physiological and chemical parameters, which could be largely due to that they were of different origins. The genetic diversity of potato cultivars offers a wealth of natural resources from which breeders can select the most desirable genotypes based on their favorable traits.
文摘The oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface and are rich in the most advantageous and characteristic resources of marine microbes. The research on diversity is the key point for exploring and exploiting marine microbial resources. Giving attention to species diversity and genetic diversity of marine microbes, discovering novel metabolites with multiple functions, revealing key secondary metabolic process and the main regulation mechanisms in marine microbes, and developing a new technology of biosynthesis, are the important foundation for discovering innovative drugs and developing functional products with characteristics. The present paper has reviewed the recent advances in the four research areas of marine microbial species diversity, genetic diversity, chemical diversity and metabolic diversity in China.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41976100,41576153).
文摘Free living marine nematodes were sampled from two sandy beaches in Dalian City,in December of 2015,and April,July,and October of 2016.The spatial and seasonal variations of marine nematode species diversity(based on species abundance dataset)and functional diversity(based on functional traits dataset:feeding types and life history strategies)were investigated to understand the environmental drivers and how they respond to specific environmental variations.Sediment granularity was revealed to be the main environmental factor causing spatial differences in nematode diversity indices between the two beaches.Species diversity indices,namely species number,Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’),were higher in fine-grained sediments,while the functional diversity indices,including functional evenness,functional dispersion,and Rao’s quadratic entropy index(RaoQ),were higher in coarse-grained sediments.Nematode species diversity indices also fluctuated with seasonal variations of temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH,salinity,and sediment chlorophyll-a within the study beaches.However,functional diversity indices did not show significant seasonal variations and exhibited weak correlation with the studied environmental variables.Overall,the functional diversity indices were negatively correlated with the species diversity indices,suggesting an inconsistent response to environmental changes.A decrease in nematode species diversity in coarse sands,accompanied by an increase in functional diversity,can be regarded as an early warning signal of environment disturbance.If more biological traits are involved in calculating functional diversity indices,it will be helpful for the future study of the internal connections of species diversity and functional diversity.
基金the Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Labororaty(No.2021hskf016)Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center(2021-620-000-001-027)for financial support for this research.
文摘Synthetic chemicals have been widely used in modern agriculture as fertilizer,plant growth regulators and pesticides.Although the chemical inputs improved the crop production,it is well known about their negative effects,such as environmental residues in water,soil and animals,pest resistance and resurgence and the residues in agricultural produces.The demands for safer food and more friendly environment are now more preferred by humankind in the world.Microbes have already become an alternate for chemical inputs in some aspects in agriculture.The microbes can produce very diverse volatile organic compounds(mVOCs)which play important roles in the interactions between plant and microbes,or among intraspecies or interspecies of microbes.Many mVOCs showed diverse agroactivities,such as insecticidal,bactericidal,fungicidal,herbicidal,plant growth promotion and abiotic stress-tolerance inducing activities.The agroactive mVOCs have diverse structure-types,such as alkane,alkenes,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,carboxylic acid,esters and lactones,ethers,aromatic ring,terpenes,heterocycles,sulphur-containing VOCs.The promising agroactive properties make it possible to apply mVOCs and their producing microorganisms or synthetic mimics or agroactive mVOCs in crop protection,and so this review focuses on the chemical diversity,agroactivities,and potential application of mVOCs.
基金APLORI Foundations funded this study as part of the Ph D project awarded to A.G.Awoyemifunded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(PID2019-107423GA-I00/SRA+1 种基金State Research Agency/10.13039/501100011033)supported by a postdoctoral contract from the University of Granada(‘Contrato Puente’UGR)。
文摘Haemosporidian parasites are widespread among birds globally,with impacts ranging from severe disease to negligible effects,particularly in host species that have coevolved with their parasites.Despite their ecological importance,the divereity and prevalence of these parasites in the Afrotropical region remain poorly understood,especially in urban environments.Our study investigated the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts,focusing on differences between urban and non-urban habitats.We screened 95birds from various species in Nigeria and investigated whether urbanization is associated with chan ges in the prevalence and richness of lineages of three haemosporidian parasites(Haemoproteus,Plasmodium,and Leucocytozoon).We found a haemosporidian prevalence of 36.8%with genus-specific differences between urban and non-urban habitats.The probability of Haemoproteus infection was higher in urban than non-urban habitats,but Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon did not differ between these habitats.Moreover,Haemoproteus lineages were exclusively found in urban habitats,while most Plasmodium lineages were restricted to non-urban habitats.Notably,we expanded the knowledge on diversity of haemosporidian lineages and avian hosts in the Afrotropics,with the first-ever record of hPYNJOC1 and pLUME2 lineages for the region,and the addition of new hosts for four Haemoproteus and two Plasmodium lineages.Our findings highlight the complexity of host-parasite relationships and the need for further research into the dynamics of haemosporidian parasites in Afrotropical avian hosts inhabiting diverse habitats.Overall,our study contributes to a better understanding of the prevalence,diversity,and distribution of haemosporidian parasites in the Afrotropics,emphasizing the importance of continued surveillance and monitoring to inform strategies for avian conservation and management.
文摘In this paper,we propose a random access scheme termed sign-compute diversity slotted ALOHA(SCDSA).The SCDSA scheme combines diversity transmission with compute-and-forward.Without considering the capture effect and multiple user detection techniques,our scheme can reach a high throughput of 0.98 without feedback under finite frame size settings,where the upper bound on performance is 1.Moreover,a lower bound on throughput performance is derived,which is tight in some parameter settings and can be used to approximate theoretical performance.Simulation results validate our analysis and confirm the advantages of our proposed scheme.
基金supported by Science and Technology Program from the Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(2024KJQT0012)the Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(2022B1111040001)+2 种基金the National Forestry Administration rare and endangered species field rescue and breeding project(Gui lin hu yu O10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200337)a fellowship from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712003).
文摘Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401409)the Central Government’s Special Fund for National Key Protected Wildlife Conservation Projects in Yinchuan City(HXCG-ZC2023148,XZ-2024-16)。
文摘Habitat loss driven by land-use change is a major factor shaping the dynamics of urban bird community structures.However,the potential mechanisms by which the spatial configuration and composition of blue-green infrastructure,recognized as biodiversity hotspots in urban landscapes,influence urban bird beta diversity remain insufficiently understood.This study was conducted in the built-up area of Yinchuan,an internationally recognized wetland city in Northwest China.From December 2023 to June 2024,we systematically surveyed bird communities during both the breeding and wintering periods across 29 blue-green space mosaics.We quantified taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity,along with their turnover component and nestedness-resultant component,based on both pairwise beta diversity and multiple-site beta diversity.We further assessed the relative importance of landscape variables and spatial geographic distance in shaping beta diversity patterns and used hierarchical modeling of species communities(HMSC)to explore the responses of bird occurrence and functional traits to landscape variables.Our results revealed that species turnover was the dominant driver of taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity.Seasonal differences were observed in the effects of spatial geographic distance and landscape structure on beta diversity and its components,with landscape variables showing higher explanatory power than geographic isolation.In the breeding period,landscape diversity and waterbody area had positive effects on bird occurrence,whereas in the wintering period,most landscape features—except for landscape diversity—exerted neutral or negative influences.Regarding functional traits,we found that reproductive traits,flight ability,and foraging characteristics responded significantly to landscape structure,and that some small-bodied species active in aerial and canopy layers were more adaptable to habitat fragmentation.This study provides novel insights into the assembly processes and driving mechanisms of urban bird communities and offers scientific support for the notion that designing and maintaining blue-green infrastructure can contribute to urban biodiversity conservation.
基金the University of Milan for funding the“ProForesta”project through the 2020 Research Support Planthe“Ente Parco Nazionale dell'Appennino Tosco-Emiliano”for having financed the project“First urgent measures to promote the adaptation of the silver fir forests of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine National Park to the effects of climate change”。
文摘Understanding how genetic variation within forest species influences growth responses under climate change is essential for improving the accuracy of forest models and guiding adaptive management strategies.This study models the dynamics of Italian silver fir(Abies alba)forests under varying climate change scenarios using the forest gap model FORMIND.Focusing on three distinct silver fir provenances(Western Alps,Northern Apennines,and Southern Apennines),the study simulates forest growth in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine National Park under different representative concentration pathways(RCPs).The individual-based model FORMIND was parameterized and validated with field data for each of the provenances,demonstrating its ability to accurately reproduce key forest metrics and dynamics.Our results reveal significant differences in expected growth patterns,productivity,metabolism,and carbon storage capacity among the silver fir provenances in pure and mixed stands.In the simulations,the Northern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass production(biomass>10%±1%)and carbon uptake(net primary productivity,NPP>8%±1%)at the end of the century compared to the Western Alps provenance in the pure provenance(PP)and no regeneration scenario.Conversely,the Southern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass(biomass>5%–10%)and NPP(>15%–18%)in mixed provenance(MP)and regeneration scenarios.These results show that genetic diversity strongly affects forest growth and resilience to environmental changes.Hence,it should be included as a predictor variable in forest models.The study also demonstrates the resilience of silver fir to climatic stressors,emphasizing its potential as a robust species in multiple forest contexts.The integration of forest provenance data into the FORMIND model represents a significant advancement in forest modelling,enabling more accurate and reliable predictions under climate change scenarios.The study's findings advocate for a greater understanding and consideration of genetic diversity in forest management and conservation strategies,in support of assisted migration strategies aiming to enhance the resilience of forest ecosystems in a changing climate.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(RCEECA),the construction and joint research for the China-Tajikistan“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use(2024YFE0214200)the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Partnership and International Technology Cooperation Plan of Science and Technology Projects(2023E01018,2025E01056)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(2024VBC0006).
文摘Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32271733)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515011045)。
文摘Urbanization has profoundly reshaped biodiversity,yet its impacts on community seasonal changes remain poorly understood.Here,we used citizen science data from 839 bird species in 37 cities and their corresponding rural areas in China to assess how urbanization alters seasonal changes in bird communities.We calculated S??rensen beta dissimilarity indices(β_(sor))between seasons to compare the seasonality of communities in urban and rural areas and decomposed these indices into turnover(β_(sim))and nestedness(β_(nes))components.We evaluated whether there are differences in the latitudinal clines in community seasonality between urban and rural areas,and explored whether environmental and socio-economic factors affect the urbanization-driven changes in community seasonality.Our results show that the overall seasonalβ_(sor)in urban communities was 16.2%higher than in rural areas,due to a 49.5%increase inβ_(nes)(urban:0.22±0.12 vs.rural:0.15±0.08),but there was no significant difference inβ_(sim).In rural areas,β_(sor)increased with latitude,butβ_(sor)showed no latitudinal trend in urban communities.Human population emerges as a key predictor of urbanization-driven changes in the species turnover and nestedness components,with larger cities showing lower species turnover but higher nestedness components.We conclude that urbanization alters the seasonality of bird communities through nestedness components,decouples the relationship between community seasonality and latitude,and concentrates its impacts in densely populated cities.Future research must employ long-term monitoring to track how urbanization changes bird communities in space and time.
文摘Non-native plants are increasingly recognized as ecosystem engineers across a wide range of ecosystems.While their impacts on understory composition have been widely documented,consequences for community assembly remain largely unexplored.We investigated the engineering impacts of Sorbaria sorbifolia,a naturalized Rosaceae shrub,on abiotic conditions and understory community assembly in Central European forests.Across 60 plots spanning coniferous and deciduous stands,we quantified light availability,organic layer C/N ratio and thickness,and understory functional diversity along an invasion gradient.Using ordination and linear regression,we found that increasing S.sorbifolia cover reduced light availability,thickened the organic layer,and altered C/N ratio in contrasting,forest-type-specific ways.In coniferous stands,invasion increased C/N and strongly suppressed understory light,whereas in deciduous stands it reduced C/N with weaker shading effects.These changes translate into consistent declines in functional richness and dispersion,particularly in coniferous forests where invasion led to homogenization of the understory.Trait shifts indicated stronger habitat filtering under invasion,with declines in specific leaf area(SLA)and increases in leaf dry matter content and seed mass,reflecting exclusion of light-demanding species and persistence of stress-tolerant taxa and woody seedlings.Remarkably,once S.sorbifolia exceeded~50%cover,positive relationships between habitat properties and understory functional diversity collapsed,replaced by uniform light limitation.This threshold effect highlights S.sorbifolia as an ecosystem engineer,capable of transforming forest structure and regeneration trajectories.Early detection and management are therefore crucial to prevent long-term homogenization and the formation of novel,invasion-driven forest states.
基金supported by the SECIHTI project PDCPN-2015-266,México.
文摘Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.
