Plant germplasm resources is the material foundation and key point for agricultural production, crop breeding and bioengineering. China is one of the centers for the origin of the cultivated plants worldwide, as well ...Plant germplasm resources is the material foundation and key point for agricultural production, crop breeding and bioengineering. China is one of the centers for the origin of the cultivated plants worldwide, as well as one of the countries with most abundant plant resources and the highest biodiversity. Strengthening research in the conservation and utilization of plant germplasm resources is of significant value and importance. In this study, the present status of conservation, utilization, and existing problems of plant germplasm resources in China and around the world were reviewed; further, through analyzing measures taken by global countries for plant germplasm resources protection, countermeasures for plant germplasm resources conservation in China were also presented from three aspects, namely, collection and conservation, information network construction and national legislation and policies.展开更多
Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0...Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-Eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DEEG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（EC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil EC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and MBC, e.g., the higher soil MBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. Meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil EC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil microbial community structural diversity were 0.70 d S/m for Cl– and 1.75 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–.展开更多
De nos jours,des quatre coins du monde,des personnes de différents pays peuvent admirer les mêmes films,suivre la même mode et recevoir les mêmes chanes de télévision.De grandes marques...De nos jours,des quatre coins du monde,des personnes de différents pays peuvent admirer les mêmes films,suivre la même mode et recevoir les mêmes chanes de télévision.De grandes marques de pays comme les Etats-Unis ou le Japon conquièrent les marchés aux détriments des produits展开更多
Mesdames et messieurs,bonjour ! Pour commencer,je vous invite à faire un voyage imaginaire en Chine antique. Vous allez créer une image selon ce que je vous décris ici :il y a 1000 ans,une troupe de ma...Mesdames et messieurs,bonjour ! Pour commencer,je vous invite à faire un voyage imaginaire en Chine antique. Vous allez créer une image selon ce que je vous décris ici :il y a 1000 ans,une troupe de marchands arabes,accompagnés de leurs chameaux,traversait la Route de la Soie qui les amenait de l'ouest de la Chine jusqu'en Europe. Ces Arabes ne savaient certainement pas qu'ils feraient figure de précurseurs de la mondialisation - un phénomène majeur à l'aube du 3e millénaire de l'humanité.展开更多
Depuis une dizaine d'années,on a beaucoup discuté de la mondialisation. Après un siècle de développement,elle est entrée dans tous les domaines de notre vie,au fur et à mesure de...Depuis une dizaine d'années,on a beaucoup discuté de la mondialisation. Après un siècle de développement,elle est entrée dans tous les domaines de notre vie,au fur et à mesure des progrès techniques et scientifiques.展开更多
基金Supported by the Beijing Nova Program(2008B37)the Major Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(D131100000413001)+2 种基金National Key Technologies R&D Program(2012BAK26B03)the Special Fund for Construction of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciencesthe Special Research Fund for the Youth of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ201211)~~
文摘Plant germplasm resources is the material foundation and key point for agricultural production, crop breeding and bioengineering. China is one of the centers for the origin of the cultivated plants worldwide, as well as one of the countries with most abundant plant resources and the highest biodiversity. Strengthening research in the conservation and utilization of plant germplasm resources is of significant value and importance. In this study, the present status of conservation, utilization, and existing problems of plant germplasm resources in China and around the world were reviewed; further, through analyzing measures taken by global countries for plant germplasm resources protection, countermeasures for plant germplasm resources conservation in China were also presented from three aspects, namely, collection and conservation, information network construction and national legislation and policies.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2016YFC0501404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41461064)
文摘Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-Eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DEEG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（EC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil EC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and MBC, e.g., the higher soil MBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. Meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil EC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil microbial community structural diversity were 0.70 d S/m for Cl– and 1.75 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–.
文摘De nos jours,des quatre coins du monde,des personnes de différents pays peuvent admirer les mêmes films,suivre la même mode et recevoir les mêmes chanes de télévision.De grandes marques de pays comme les Etats-Unis ou le Japon conquièrent les marchés aux détriments des produits
文摘Mesdames et messieurs,bonjour ! Pour commencer,je vous invite à faire un voyage imaginaire en Chine antique. Vous allez créer une image selon ce que je vous décris ici :il y a 1000 ans,une troupe de marchands arabes,accompagnés de leurs chameaux,traversait la Route de la Soie qui les amenait de l'ouest de la Chine jusqu'en Europe. Ces Arabes ne savaient certainement pas qu'ils feraient figure de précurseurs de la mondialisation - un phénomène majeur à l'aube du 3e millénaire de l'humanité.
文摘Depuis une dizaine d'années,on a beaucoup discuté de la mondialisation. Après un siècle de développement,elle est entrée dans tous les domaines de notre vie,au fur et à mesure des progrès techniques et scientifiques.
