A periclase？hercynite brick was prepared via reaction sintering at 1600℃for 6 h in air using magnesia and reaction-sintered hercynite as raw materials. The microstructure development of the periclase-hercynite brick...A periclase？hercynite brick was prepared via reaction sintering at 1600℃for 6 h in air using magnesia and reaction-sintered hercynite as raw materials. The microstructure development of the periclase-hercynite brick during sintering was investigated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that during sintering, Fe^2＋, Fe^3＋ and Al^3＋ ions in hercynite crystals migrate and react with periclase to form（Mg1-xFex）（Fe2-yAly）O4 spinel with a high Fe/Al ratio. Meanwhile, Mg^2＋ in periclase crystals migrates into hercynite crystals and occupies the oxygen tetrahedron vacancies. This Mg^2＋ migration leads to the formation of（Mg1-uFeu）（Fe2-vAlv）O4 spinel with a lower Fe/Al ratio and results in Al3＋ remaining in hercynite crystals. Cation diffusion between periclase and hercynite crystals promotes the sintering process and results in the formation of a microporous structure.展开更多
Isothermal sintering experiments were performed on the 316 L stainless steel fiber felts with fiber diameters of 8 μm and20 μm. Surface morphologies of the sintered specimens were investigated by using scanning elec...Isothermal sintering experiments were performed on the 316 L stainless steel fiber felts with fiber diameters of 8 μm and20 μm. Surface morphologies of the sintered specimens were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and optical microscopy. The results show that the amount of the sintering necks and the relative densities of the fiber felt increase with the increasing of both the sintering temperature and the sintering time. And the activation energies estimated present a decline at high relative densities for both 8 μm and 20 μm fiber felts. Moreover, the sintering densification of the fiber felts is dominated by volume diffusion mechanism at low temperature and relative densities. As more grain boundaries are formed at higher temperature and relative density, grain boundary diffusion will also contribute to the densification of the specimen.展开更多
Unitary titanium porous restrictor was prepared by a sintering welding technique.The results indicated that the restriction performance of unitary Ti porous restrictor was not only dependent on the morphology and part...Unitary titanium porous restrictor was prepared by a sintering welding technique.The results indicated that the restriction performance of unitary Ti porous restrictor was not only dependent on the morphology and particle size of the original powder,but also influenced by the molding pressure,sintering temperature and sintering pressure.The restrictor obtained from titanium powder with large particle size or spherical morphology possesses big porosity,large pore size and high permeability but low restriction.Instead,the restrictor derived from fine powder with irregular morphology had small porosity,narrow pore size but high restriction performance.In addition,the restriction ability of the titanium porous restrictor metals increased by increasing of molding and sintering pressure and the sintering temperature.However,a much higher sintering temperature induced a bad welding status,which ascribed to excessive sintering shrinkage of the porous restrictor,and the cracks between the porous body and the compact shell easily occurred.Finally,the strength of the dense Ti shell would decrease due to the flaws caused by the grain growth during sintering process.It was an ideal method to avoid the grain growth at high temperature through increasing the molding and sintering pressure and decreasing the sintering temperature,which could obtain a good sinter behavior and air tightness between the porous body and the Ti shell,thus,which satisfied the requirements in the applications.展开更多
MM14Fe79.9B6.1/Nd13.5Fe80.5B6 magnets were fabricated by dual alloy method（MM, misch metal）. Some magnets have two Curie temperatures. Curie temperatures Tc1corresponds to the main phase which contains more La Ce, a...MM14Fe79.9B6.1/Nd13.5Fe80.5B6 magnets were fabricated by dual alloy method（MM, misch metal）. Some magnets have two Curie temperatures. Curie temperatures Tc1corresponds to the main phase which contains more La Ce, and Tc1 decreases from 276.5℃ to 256.6℃ with the content of MM increasing from 30.3 at.% to 50.6 at.%. The variation of Br with the increase of MM indicates the existence of inter-grain exchange coupling in the magnets. When MM/R ≤ 30.3 at.%,the magnetic properties can reach the level of the intrinsic coercivity Hcj≥ 7.11 kOe and the maximum energy product（BH）max≥ 41 MGOe. Compared with Nd, La and Ce are easier to diffuse to the grain boundaries in the sintering process,and this will cause the decrease of H（cj） Due to the diffusion between the grains, the atomic ratio of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd in each grain is different and the percentage of Nd in all grains is higher than that in misch metal.展开更多
The as-sintered sinter skin and the polished section of WC-11Co-0.4Cr 3 C 2-0.3VC-0.2RE（RE=mischmetal with La/Ce ratio of 0.65） alloy were analyzed.It was shown that the microstructures on the skin and in the inner ...The as-sintered sinter skin and the polished section of WC-11Co-0.4Cr 3 C 2-0.3VC-0.2RE（RE=mischmetal with La/Ce ratio of 0.65） alloy were analyzed.It was shown that the microstructures on the skin and in the inner part of the alloy were all characterized with a WC＋β＋M structure,where β was a cobalt-based binder phase and M represented a RE-containing phase.There existed an inward diffusion of S atoms,which caught and fixed the Ce atoms in the alloy and an outward diffusion of La atoms during the sintering process.Consequently,the M phase was characterized with the decreased La/Ce ratio（0.59） in the inner part and the increased La/Ce ratio（1.01） on the skin.The M phase on the skin was characterized with a γ-Ce 2 S 3 type structure.To suppress the long range migration of rare earth to the skin,S in the sintering atmosphere had to be eliminated.展开更多
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 51172021)the National Science-Technology Support Plan Projects of China (No. 2013BAF09B01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-SD-13-006A)
文摘A periclase？hercynite brick was prepared via reaction sintering at 1600℃for 6 h in air using magnesia and reaction-sintered hercynite as raw materials. The microstructure development of the periclase-hercynite brick during sintering was investigated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that during sintering, Fe^2＋, Fe^3＋ and Al^3＋ ions in hercynite crystals migrate and react with periclase to form（Mg1-xFex）（Fe2-yAly）O4 spinel with a high Fe/Al ratio. Meanwhile, Mg^2＋ in periclase crystals migrates into hercynite crystals and occupies the oxygen tetrahedron vacancies. This Mg^2＋ migration leads to the formation of（Mg1-uFeu）（Fe2-vAlv）O4 spinel with a lower Fe/Al ratio and results in Al3＋ remaining in hercynite crystals. Cation diffusion between periclase and hercynite crystals promotes the sintering process and results in the formation of a microporous structure.
基金Project(51134003) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Isothermal sintering experiments were performed on the 316 L stainless steel fiber felts with fiber diameters of 8 μm and20 μm. Surface morphologies of the sintered specimens were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and optical microscopy. The results show that the amount of the sintering necks and the relative densities of the fiber felt increase with the increasing of both the sintering temperature and the sintering time. And the activation energies estimated present a decline at high relative densities for both 8 μm and 20 μm fiber felts. Moreover, the sintering densification of the fiber felts is dominated by volume diffusion mechanism at low temperature and relative densities. As more grain boundaries are formed at higher temperature and relative density, grain boundary diffusion will also contribute to the densification of the specimen.
文摘Unitary titanium porous restrictor was prepared by a sintering welding technique.The results indicated that the restriction performance of unitary Ti porous restrictor was not only dependent on the morphology and particle size of the original powder,but also influenced by the molding pressure,sintering temperature and sintering pressure.The restrictor obtained from titanium powder with large particle size or spherical morphology possesses big porosity,large pore size and high permeability but low restriction.Instead,the restrictor derived from fine powder with irregular morphology had small porosity,narrow pore size but high restriction performance.In addition,the restriction ability of the titanium porous restrictor metals increased by increasing of molding and sintering pressure and the sintering temperature.However,a much higher sintering temperature induced a bad welding status,which ascribed to excessive sintering shrinkage of the porous restrictor,and the cracks between the porous body and the compact shell easily occurred.Finally,the strength of the dense Ti shell would decrease due to the flaws caused by the grain growth during sintering process.It was an ideal method to avoid the grain growth at high temperature through increasing the molding and sintering pressure and decreasing the sintering temperature,which could obtain a good sinter behavior and air tightness between the porous body and the Ti shell,thus,which satisfied the requirements in the applications.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2014CB643702 and 2016YFB0700903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51590880)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KJZD-EW-M05)
文摘MM14Fe79.9B6.1/Nd13.5Fe80.5B6 magnets were fabricated by dual alloy method（MM, misch metal）. Some magnets have two Curie temperatures. Curie temperatures Tc1corresponds to the main phase which contains more La Ce, and Tc1 decreases from 276.5℃ to 256.6℃ with the content of MM increasing from 30.3 at.% to 50.6 at.%. The variation of Br with the increase of MM indicates the existence of inter-grain exchange coupling in the magnets. When MM/R ≤ 30.3 at.%,the magnetic properties can reach the level of the intrinsic coercivity Hcj≥ 7.11 kOe and the maximum energy product（BH）max≥ 41 MGOe. Compared with Nd, La and Ce are easier to diffuse to the grain boundaries in the sintering process,and this will cause the decrease of H（cj） Due to the diffusion between the grains, the atomic ratio of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd in each grain is different and the percentage of Nd in all grains is higher than that in misch metal.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51074189,50823006)Science and Technology Planning Project Founda-tion of Hunan Province,China (2010FJ2006)+1 种基金Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20100162110001)the National Science & Technology Special Foundation of China (2011BAE09B02,2012ZX04003021)
文摘The as-sintered sinter skin and the polished section of WC-11Co-0.4Cr 3 C 2-0.3VC-0.2RE（RE=mischmetal with La/Ce ratio of 0.65） alloy were analyzed.It was shown that the microstructures on the skin and in the inner part of the alloy were all characterized with a WC＋β＋M structure,where β was a cobalt-based binder phase and M represented a RE-containing phase.There existed an inward diffusion of S atoms,which caught and fixed the Ce atoms in the alloy and an outward diffusion of La atoms during the sintering process.Consequently,the M phase was characterized with the decreased La/Ce ratio（0.59） in the inner part and the increased La/Ce ratio（1.01） on the skin.The M phase on the skin was characterized with a γ-Ce 2 S 3 type structure.To suppress the long range migration of rare earth to the skin,S in the sintering atmosphere had to be eliminated.
