This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command contro...This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command control type(CER),and environmental protection type(EER)environmental regulations,alongside the moderating influences of industrial agglomeration(Agg),low-carbon pilot policy(Lcp),fiscal decentralization(FD),and official corruption(Cor)on ETDE.Results show that EER positively affects ETDE,whereas MER and CER tend to inhibit its improvement.The study underscores the complex interplay between these regulations and the significant impact of Agg and Lcp in enhancing ER's effectiveness.Additionally,it highlights the critical mediating roles of FD and Cor,suggesting that the quality of government operations profoundly influences the success of environmental regulations in promoting ecological technology diffusion.These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored environmental regulation strategies that take into account regional economic,population,and digital economy differences,to effectively foster ecological technology diffusion and support China's green development goals.The study also proposes actionable insights for policymakers.展开更多
Because of ground clutter wave interf e rence,it is difficult to measure smoke screen disturbance in the field.In this pape r,a kind of indoor measurement method of smoke screen disturbance efficiency ba sed on Gaussi...Because of ground clutter wave interf e rence,it is difficult to measure smoke screen disturbance in the field.In this pape r,a kind of indoor measurement method of smoke screen disturbance efficiency ba sed on Gaussian diffusion model is put forward.As a characteristic,the measur ement result of smoke screen area density proves that the indoor measurement met hod of smoke screen disturbance efficiency based on Gaussian diffusion model is fea sible.展开更多
The excitation and emission spectra, the relaxation time of principal spectral lines and multi-diffused reflection spectra in LaOCl: Er, LaOCl: Ho powder samples were measured. The diffused absorption spectrum was der...The excitation and emission spectra, the relaxation time of principal spectral lines and multi-diffused reflection spectra in LaOCl: Er, LaOCl: Ho powder samples were measured. The diffused absorption spectrum was derived from the multi-diffused reflection spectrum. According to Judd-Ofelt theory,the intensity parameters, radiative transition probabilities and quantum efficiencies of luminescence emission were calculated. Then comparison with erbium and holmium doped floride glass and other matrices were made.展开更多
We present measurements of the optical broadband atmospheric extinction coefficients and the night sky brightness at the Xuyi Observation Station of Purple Mountain Observatory. The measurements are based on CCD imagi...We present measurements of the optical broadband atmospheric extinction coefficients and the night sky brightness at the Xuyi Observation Station of Purple Mountain Observatory. The measurements are based on CCD imaging data taken in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey＇s g, r and i bands with the Xuyi 1.04/1.20m Schmidt Telescope for the Xuyi Schmidt Telescope Photometric Survey of the Galactic Anticenter （XSTPS-GAC）, the photometric part of the Digital Sky Survey of the Galactic Anti-center （DSS-GAC）. The data were collected during more than 140 winter nights from 2009 to 2011. We find that the atmospheric extinction coefficients for the g, r and i bands are 0.69, 0.55 and 0.38 mag/airmass, respectively, based on observations taken on several photometric nights. The night sky brightness determined from images with good quality has median values of 21.7, 20.8 and 20.0 mag arcsec-2 and reaches 22.1, 21.2 and 20.4mag arcsec-2 under the best observing conditions for the g, r and i bands, respectively. The relatively large extinction coefficients compared with other good astronomical observing sites are mainly due to the relatively low elevation （i.e. 180 m） and high humidity at the station.展开更多
The M-series molecules with a ladder-typefused-ring core are promising acceptors (A) for organic solarcells (OSCs) owing to their excellent optoelectronic propertiesand facile synthesis. To further optimize their phot...The M-series molecules with a ladder-typefused-ring core are promising acceptors (A) for organic solarcells (OSCs) owing to their excellent optoelectronic propertiesand facile synthesis. To further optimize their photovoltaicperformance, two M-series acceptors (M36 and M13) with si-milar chemical structures are judiciously selected and com-bined in a photoactive layer to construct ternary OSCs. It isfound that a homogeneous mixed phase can be formed in theacceptor mixture due to the good compatibility between M36and M13, affording an enlarged exciton diffusion length that isconducive to efficient exciton dissociation. After blendingwith the polymer donor (D) PM6, the resultant ternary activelayer exhibits a more favorable phase-separated micro-structure and enhanced crystalline ordering than M36- andM13-based binary systems, thus enabling improved carriertransport and reduced charge recombination. Consequently,significant increases in both fill factor and photocurrent areachieved for the ternary device compared to the two binaryreference devices, delivering a high power conversion effi-ciency of 17.4%, which is among the highest efficiencies re-ported for A-D-A-type acceptors-based OSCs so far.展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)on gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)offers a promising route for carbon-neutral fuel production at commercially relevant current densities(J>200 mA cm^(-2))[1,2].Howev...Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)on gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)offers a promising route for carbon-neutral fuel production at commercially relevant current densities(J>200 mA cm^(-2))[1,2].However,under high-rate operation,GDE performance deteriorates due to mass transport limitations[3,4].First,local CO_(2)depletion near the catalyst surface intensifies the competing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),diminishing the selectivity[5].展开更多
Diamond is known as the ultimate semiconductor owing to its excellent physical properties.However,the high difficulty of n-type doping and the poor electrical performance of n-type diamonds remain major challenges for...Diamond is known as the ultimate semiconductor owing to its excellent physical properties.However,the high difficulty of n-type doping and the poor electrical performance of n-type diamonds remain major challenges for the application of diamond semiconductor materials.In this paper,a high-pressure thermal diffusion method for the n-type doping of diamond,which utilizes high pressure to reduce the volume difference between phosphorus atoms and carbon atoms,is reported for the first time.This method can achieve efficient doping and ionization of phosphorus atoms at the lattice sites of diamond.The prepared phosphorus-doped diamond exhibited the lowest resistivity(2Ωcm)and highest electron concentration(2.27×10^(18) cm^(-3))observed in any known phosphorus-doped diamond single crystal at room temperature(300 K).The high-pressure thermal diffusion method provides an effective approach for diamond n-type doping,which may play an important role in the design and preparation of future diamond-based semiconductor devices.展开更多
Corrosion inhibitor is one of the most important technologies to enhance the durability of steel reinforced concrete. A kind of time-saving method was developed to assess the inhibitor efficiency by using a 16 voltage...Corrosion inhibitor is one of the most important technologies to enhance the durability of steel reinforced concrete. A kind of time-saving method was developed to assess the inhibitor efficiency by using a 16 voltage electric field to accelerate the chloride ion diffusion in concrete and inducing corrosion. Both macrocell and microcell current measurements were used to confirm the corrosion initiation status of steel. The comprehensive efficiency of inhibitor shall be assessed in three aspects. The results clearly show the efficiency of different inhibitors, which indicate the reliability of this time-saving method.展开更多
Quantitative prediction of distribution function and adhesionefficiency of particles around a rising bubble in slurry systems ispresented in this work. By solving the convection-diffusion equation(Fokker-Planck equati...Quantitative prediction of distribution function and adhesionefficiency of particles around a rising bubble in slurry systems ispresented in this work. By solving the convection-diffusion equation(Fokker-Planck equation), the influence of Brownian diffusivity offine particles on concentration distribution and adhesion efficiencyis demonstrated with the hydrodynamic force and van der Waalsattractive potential between particles and bubble considered. It isfound that two kinds of mechanism dominate the adhesion process ofparticles on bubble according to different Peclet number or size ofparticles and bubble, as well as other properties of the slurrysystems. In addition, the viscosity ratio of bubble to the suspendingfluid was found to have obvious influence on particle adhesion.展开更多
Precipitation or dissolution due to geochemical reactions has been observed in the caprocks for CO_(2)geosequestration.Geochemical reactions modify the caprock sealing efficiency with self-limiting or self-enhancement...Precipitation or dissolution due to geochemical reactions has been observed in the caprocks for CO_(2)geosequestration.Geochemical reactions modify the caprock sealing efficiency with self-limiting or self-enhancement.However,the effect of this modification on the caprock sealing efficiency has not been fully investigated through multiphysical-geochemical coupling analysis.In this study,a multiphysical-geochemical coupling model was proposed to analyze caprock sealing efficiency.This coupling model considered the full couplings of caprock deformation,two-phase flow,CO_(2)concentration diffusion,geochemical reaction,and CO_(2)sorption.The two-phase flow only occurs in the fracture network and the CO_(2)may partially dissolve into water and diffuse through the concentration difference.The dissolved CO_(2)has geochemical reactions with some critical minerals,thus altering flow channels.The CO_(2)in the fracture network diffuses into matrix,causing the matrix swelling.This fully coupling model was validated with a penetration experiment on a cement cube and compared with two other models for CO_(2)storage plumes.Finally,the effects of geochemical reactions on penetration depth and pore pressure were studied through parametric study.The numerical simulations reveal that the coupling of geochemical reactions and matrix diffusion significantly affect the caprock sealing efficiency.Geochemical reactions occur at a short time after the arrival of CO_(2)concentration and modify the fracture porosity.The CO_(2)diffusion into the matrix requires a much longer time and mainly induces matrix swelling.These effects may produce selfenhancement or self-limiting depending on the flow rate in the fracture network,thus significantly modifying caprock sealing efficiency.展开更多
In event-driven algorithms for simulation of diffusing,colliding,and reacting particles,new positions and events are sampled from the cumulative distribution function(CDF)of a probability distribution.The distribution...In event-driven algorithms for simulation of diffusing,colliding,and reacting particles,new positions and events are sampled from the cumulative distribution function(CDF)of a probability distribution.The distribution is sampled frequently and it is important for the efficiency of the algorithm that the sampling is fast.The CDF is known analytically or computed numerically.Analytical formulas are sometimes rather complicated making them difficult to evaluate.The CDF may be stored in a table for interpolation or computed directly when it is needed.Different alternatives are compared for chemically reacting molecules moving by Brownian diffusion in two and three dimensions.The best strategy depends on the dimension of the problem,the length of the time interval,the density of the particles,and the number of different reactions.展开更多
It was demonstrated possibility of express diagnostic of characters and prediction efficiency of leaching materials on the bases comparison release rate of active substance and accelerated field tests. It makes on the...It was demonstrated possibility of express diagnostic of characters and prediction efficiency of leaching materials on the bases comparison release rate of active substance and accelerated field tests. It makes on the example of study diffuse layer of the composite of barrier type with active compound.展开更多
The role of the carrier’s recombination velocity Si within the depletion Layer of p-n junction solar cell and the external bias voltage Va across the junction in determining the current density “J” through the cell...The role of the carrier’s recombination velocity Si within the depletion Layer of p-n junction solar cell and the external bias voltage Va across the junction in determining the current density “J” through the cell is revealed. The unsteady carrier diffusion equation is solved under illumination conditions considering a source spectral function G(λ). The efficiency of the device as a function of Si , Va , G(λ) is obtained. Computations considering a silicon solar cell are given as an illustrative example.展开更多
基金supported by the Yunnan University Research Foundation Program(Grant No.KC-23233830).
文摘This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command control type(CER),and environmental protection type(EER)environmental regulations,alongside the moderating influences of industrial agglomeration(Agg),low-carbon pilot policy(Lcp),fiscal decentralization(FD),and official corruption(Cor)on ETDE.Results show that EER positively affects ETDE,whereas MER and CER tend to inhibit its improvement.The study underscores the complex interplay between these regulations and the significant impact of Agg and Lcp in enhancing ER's effectiveness.Additionally,it highlights the critical mediating roles of FD and Cor,suggesting that the quality of government operations profoundly influences the success of environmental regulations in promoting ecological technology diffusion.These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored environmental regulation strategies that take into account regional economic,population,and digital economy differences,to effectively foster ecological technology diffusion and support China's green development goals.The study also proposes actionable insights for policymakers.
文摘Because of ground clutter wave interf e rence,it is difficult to measure smoke screen disturbance in the field.In this pape r,a kind of indoor measurement method of smoke screen disturbance efficiency ba sed on Gaussian diffusion model is put forward.As a characteristic,the measur ement result of smoke screen area density proves that the indoor measurement met hod of smoke screen disturbance efficiency based on Gaussian diffusion model is fea sible.
文摘The excitation and emission spectra, the relaxation time of principal spectral lines and multi-diffused reflection spectra in LaOCl: Er, LaOCl: Ho powder samples were measured. The diffused absorption spectrum was derived from the multi-diffused reflection spectrum. According to Judd-Ofelt theory,the intensity parameters, radiative transition probabilities and quantum efficiencies of luminescence emission were calculated. Then comparison with erbium and holmium doped floride glass and other matrices were made.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 11078006 and 10933004)supported by the Minor Planet Foundation of Purple Mountain Observatory
文摘We present measurements of the optical broadband atmospheric extinction coefficients and the night sky brightness at the Xuyi Observation Station of Purple Mountain Observatory. The measurements are based on CCD imaging data taken in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey＇s g, r and i bands with the Xuyi 1.04/1.20m Schmidt Telescope for the Xuyi Schmidt Telescope Photometric Survey of the Galactic Anticenter （XSTPS-GAC）, the photometric part of the Digital Sky Survey of the Galactic Anti-center （DSS-GAC）. The data were collected during more than 140 winter nights from 2009 to 2011. We find that the atmospheric extinction coefficients for the g, r and i bands are 0.69, 0.55 and 0.38 mag/airmass, respectively, based on observations taken on several photometric nights. The night sky brightness determined from images with good quality has median values of 21.7, 20.8 and 20.0 mag arcsec-2 and reaches 22.1, 21.2 and 20.4mag arcsec-2 under the best observing conditions for the g, r and i bands, respectively. The relatively large extinction coefficients compared with other good astronomical observing sites are mainly due to the relatively low elevation （i.e. 180 m） and high humidity at the station.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130306)the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB4200303)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2024300413)the Program of Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2021299)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023A1515110044)。
文摘The M-series molecules with a ladder-typefused-ring core are promising acceptors (A) for organic solarcells (OSCs) owing to their excellent optoelectronic propertiesand facile synthesis. To further optimize their photovoltaicperformance, two M-series acceptors (M36 and M13) with si-milar chemical structures are judiciously selected and com-bined in a photoactive layer to construct ternary OSCs. It isfound that a homogeneous mixed phase can be formed in theacceptor mixture due to the good compatibility between M36and M13, affording an enlarged exciton diffusion length that isconducive to efficient exciton dissociation. After blendingwith the polymer donor (D) PM6, the resultant ternary activelayer exhibits a more favorable phase-separated micro-structure and enhanced crystalline ordering than M36- andM13-based binary systems, thus enabling improved carriertransport and reduced charge recombination. Consequently,significant increases in both fill factor and photocurrent areachieved for the ternary device compared to the two binaryreference devices, delivering a high power conversion effi-ciency of 17.4%, which is among the highest efficiencies re-ported for A-D-A-type acceptors-based OSCs so far.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(22178394,22376222,and 52404332)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC3048 and 2023RC1012)+1 种基金Central South University Research Program of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies(2023QYJC012)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20240860)for financial support。
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)on gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)offers a promising route for carbon-neutral fuel production at commercially relevant current densities(J>200 mA cm^(-2))[1,2].However,under high-rate operation,GDE performance deteriorates due to mass transport limitations[3,4].First,local CO_(2)depletion near the catalyst surface intensifies the competing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),diminishing the selectivity[5].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0305900 and 2023YFA1406200)。
文摘Diamond is known as the ultimate semiconductor owing to its excellent physical properties.However,the high difficulty of n-type doping and the poor electrical performance of n-type diamonds remain major challenges for the application of diamond semiconductor materials.In this paper,a high-pressure thermal diffusion method for the n-type doping of diamond,which utilizes high pressure to reduce the volume difference between phosphorus atoms and carbon atoms,is reported for the first time.This method can achieve efficient doping and ionization of phosphorus atoms at the lattice sites of diamond.The prepared phosphorus-doped diamond exhibited the lowest resistivity(2Ωcm)and highest electron concentration(2.27×10^(18) cm^(-3))observed in any known phosphorus-doped diamond single crystal at room temperature(300 K).The high-pressure thermal diffusion method provides an effective approach for diamond n-type doping,which may play an important role in the design and preparation of future diamond-based semiconductor devices.
文摘Corrosion inhibitor is one of the most important technologies to enhance the durability of steel reinforced concrete. A kind of time-saving method was developed to assess the inhibitor efficiency by using a 16 voltage electric field to accelerate the chloride ion diffusion in concrete and inducing corrosion. Both macrocell and microcell current measurements were used to confirm the corrosion initiation status of steel. The comprehensive efficiency of inhibitor shall be assessed in three aspects. The results clearly show the efficiency of different inhibitors, which indicate the reliability of this time-saving method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20126010).
文摘Quantitative prediction of distribution function and adhesionefficiency of particles around a rising bubble in slurry systems ispresented in this work. By solving the convection-diffusion equation(Fokker-Planck equation), the influence of Brownian diffusivity offine particles on concentration distribution and adhesion efficiencyis demonstrated with the hydrodynamic force and van der Waalsattractive potential between particles and bubble considered. It isfound that two kinds of mechanism dominate the adhesion process ofparticles on bubble according to different Peclet number or size ofparticles and bubble, as well as other properties of the slurrysystems. In addition, the viscosity ratio of bubble to the suspendingfluid was found to have obvious influence on particle adhesion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51674246Creative Research and Development Group Program of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:2014-27。
文摘Precipitation or dissolution due to geochemical reactions has been observed in the caprocks for CO_(2)geosequestration.Geochemical reactions modify the caprock sealing efficiency with self-limiting or self-enhancement.However,the effect of this modification on the caprock sealing efficiency has not been fully investigated through multiphysical-geochemical coupling analysis.In this study,a multiphysical-geochemical coupling model was proposed to analyze caprock sealing efficiency.This coupling model considered the full couplings of caprock deformation,two-phase flow,CO_(2)concentration diffusion,geochemical reaction,and CO_(2)sorption.The two-phase flow only occurs in the fracture network and the CO_(2)may partially dissolve into water and diffuse through the concentration difference.The dissolved CO_(2)has geochemical reactions with some critical minerals,thus altering flow channels.The CO_(2)in the fracture network diffuses into matrix,causing the matrix swelling.This fully coupling model was validated with a penetration experiment on a cement cube and compared with two other models for CO_(2)storage plumes.Finally,the effects of geochemical reactions on penetration depth and pore pressure were studied through parametric study.The numerical simulations reveal that the coupling of geochemical reactions and matrix diffusion significantly affect the caprock sealing efficiency.Geochemical reactions occur at a short time after the arrival of CO_(2)concentration and modify the fracture porosity.The CO_(2)diffusion into the matrix requires a much longer time and mainly induces matrix swelling.These effects may produce selfenhancement or self-limiting depending on the flow rate in the fracture network,thus significantly modifying caprock sealing efficiency.
基金Financial support has been obtained from the Swedish Research Council.
文摘In event-driven algorithms for simulation of diffusing,colliding,and reacting particles,new positions and events are sampled from the cumulative distribution function(CDF)of a probability distribution.The distribution is sampled frequently and it is important for the efficiency of the algorithm that the sampling is fast.The CDF is known analytically or computed numerically.Analytical formulas are sometimes rather complicated making them difficult to evaluate.The CDF may be stored in a table for interpolation or computed directly when it is needed.Different alternatives are compared for chemically reacting molecules moving by Brownian diffusion in two and three dimensions.The best strategy depends on the dimension of the problem,the length of the time interval,the density of the particles,and the number of different reactions.
文摘It was demonstrated possibility of express diagnostic of characters and prediction efficiency of leaching materials on the bases comparison release rate of active substance and accelerated field tests. It makes on the example of study diffuse layer of the composite of barrier type with active compound.
文摘The role of the carrier’s recombination velocity Si within the depletion Layer of p-n junction solar cell and the external bias voltage Va across the junction in determining the current density “J” through the cell is revealed. The unsteady carrier diffusion equation is solved under illumination conditions considering a source spectral function G(λ). The efficiency of the device as a function of Si , Va , G(λ) is obtained. Computations considering a silicon solar cell are given as an illustrative example.
