In recent years,numerous recurrent neural network(RNN)models have been reported for solving time-dependent nonlinear optimization problems.However,few existing RNN models simultaneously involve nonlinear equality cons...In recent years,numerous recurrent neural network(RNN)models have been reported for solving time-dependent nonlinear optimization problems.However,few existing RNN models simultaneously involve nonlinear equality constraints,direct discretization,and noise suppression.This limitation presents challenges when existing models are applied to practical engineering problems.Additionally,most current discrete-time RNN models are derived from continuous-time models,which may not perform well for solving essentially discrete problems.To handle these issues,a robust direct-discretized RNN(RDD-RNN)model is proposed to efficiently realize time-dependent optimization constrained by nonlinear equalities(TDOCNE)in the presence of various time-dependent noises.Theoretical analyses are provided to reveal that the proposed RDD-RNN model possesses excellent convergence and noise-suppressing capability.Furthermore,numerical experiments and manipulator control instances are conducted and analyzed to validate the superior robustness of the proposed RDD-RNN model under various time-dependent noises,particularly quadratic polynomial noise.Eventually,small target detection experiments further demonstrate the practicality of the RDD-RNN model in image processing applications.展开更多
Cloud services,favored by many enterprises due to their high flexibility and easy operation,are widely used for data storage and processing.However,the high latency,together with transmission overheads of the cloud ar...Cloud services,favored by many enterprises due to their high flexibility and easy operation,are widely used for data storage and processing.However,the high latency,together with transmission overheads of the cloud architecture,makes it difficult to quickly respond to the demands of IoT applications and local computation.To make up for these deficiencies in the cloud,fog computing has emerged as a critical role in the IoT applications.It decentralizes the computing power to various lower nodes close to data sources,so as to achieve the goal of low latency and distributed processing.With the data being frequently exchanged and shared between multiple nodes,it becomes a challenge to authorize data securely and efficiently while protecting user privacy.To address this challenge,proxy re-encryption(PRE)schemes provide a feasible way allowing an intermediary proxy node to re-encrypt ciphertext designated for different authorized data requesters without compromising any plaintext information.Since the proxy is viewed as a semi-trusted party,it should be taken to prevent malicious behaviors and reduce the risk of data leakage when implementing PRE schemes.This paper proposes a new fog-assisted identity-based PRE scheme supporting anonymous key generation,equality test,and user revocation to fulfill various IoT application requirements.Specifically,in a traditional identity-based public key architecture,the key escrow problem and the necessity of a secure channel are major security concerns.We utilize an anonymous key generation technique to solve these problems.The equality test functionality further enables a cloud server to inspect whether two candidate trapdoors contain an identical keyword.In particular,the proposed scheme realizes fine-grained user-level authorization while maintaining strong key confidentiality.To revoke an invalid user identity,we add a revocation list to the system flows to restrict access privileges without increasing additional computation cost.To ensure security,it is shown that our system meets the security notion of IND-PrID-CCA and OW-ID-CCA under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman(DBDH)assumption.展开更多
In view of the high computational complexity of traditional linear equalization algorithms in Orthogonal Time Frequency Space(OTFS)systems,a minimum mean square error(MMSE)channel equalization algorithm based on Matri...In view of the high computational complexity of traditional linear equalization algorithms in Orthogonal Time Frequency Space(OTFS)systems,a minimum mean square error(MMSE)channel equalization algorithm based on Matrix Chunking Lower and Upper Triangular Decomposition(CLU)is proposed.The proposed algorithm derives the structural properties of the chunked MMSE equalization matrix by leveraging the block diagonal structure of the Cyclic Prefix OTFS(CP-OTFS)time-domain channel matrix and the quasi-band structure of its constituent block matrices.On this basis,triangular decomposition combined with forward and backward substitution is used to avoid matrix inversion.This approach significantly reduces the complexity of the MMSE algorithm without sacrificing its performance.展开更多
Agile lithology identification can assist mining by providing important information in the exploration and production of mineral resources.This study proposes a new lithology recognition procedure using video-logging ...Agile lithology identification can assist mining by providing important information in the exploration and production of mineral resources.This study proposes a new lithology recognition procedure using video-logging of boreholes with an endoscope,applied to six production blocks in a limestone quarry.Images are automatically extracted from the videos and the lithology is classified into three classes based on clay content,i.e.massive limestone,brecciated limestone,and high amount of clay.The image quality is evaluated with a gray pixel intensity threshold and three no-reference image quality metrics,i.e.perception-based image quality evaluator,natural image quality evaluator,and blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator.After removing low-quality images,7583 images are retained and used for developing lithology classification models using six optimized classification techniques.The contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)technique is used to improve image quality.Ten color characteristics involving three percentiles of red,green and blue pixel intensities,together with color counting and five texture characteristics-correlation,entropy,homogeneity,contrast and energy-are used as inputs.Bayesian optimized light gradient boosting machine model performs best,with an overall accuracy of 88.04%,and a precision on the classes of massive limestone,brecciated limestone and high amount of clay of 90.72%,83.52%and 85.29%,respectively,for the testing set.The feature importance scores show that the color counting is the most significant parameter for the development of the classification model.Compared with previous image-based methodologies,this study provides a more flexible and cheaper procedure to identify lithology.展开更多
The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems wil...The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.展开更多
The evolutionary dynamics first conceived by Darwin and Wallace, referring to as Darwinian dynamics in the present paper, has been found to be universally valid in biology. The statistical mechanics and thermodynamics...The evolutionary dynamics first conceived by Darwin and Wallace, referring to as Darwinian dynamics in the present paper, has been found to be universally valid in biology. The statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, while enormous successful in physics, have been in an awkward situation of wanting a consistent dynamical understanding. Here we present from a formal point of view an exploration of the connection between thermodynamics and Darwinian dynamics and a few related topics. We first show that the stochasticity in Darwinian dynamics implies the existence temperature, hence the canonical distribution of Boltzmann-Gibbs type. In term of relative entropy the Second Law of thermodynamics is dynamically demonstrated without detailed balance condition, and is valid regardless of size of the system. In particular, the dynamical component responsible for breaking detailed balance condition does not contribute to the change of the relative entropy. Two types of stochastic dynamical equalities of current interest are explicitly discussed in the present approach： One is based on Feynman-Kac formula and another is a generalization of Einstein relation. Both are directly accessible to experimental tests. Our demonstration indicates that Darwinian dynamics represents logically a simple and straightforward starting point for statistical mechanics and thermodynamics and is complementary to and consistent with conservative dynamics that dominates the physical sciences. Present exploration suggests the existence of a unified stochastic dynamical framework both near and far from equilibrium.展开更多
We briefly introduce the quantum Jarzynski and Bochkov-Kuzovlev equalities .in isolated quantum Hamiltonian sys- tems, including their origin, their derivations using a quantum Feynman-Kac formula, the quantum Crooks ...We briefly introduce the quantum Jarzynski and Bochkov-Kuzovlev equalities .in isolated quantum Hamiltonian sys- tems, including their origin, their derivations using a quantum Feynman-Kac formula, the quantum Crooks equality, the evolution equations governing the characteristic functions of the probability density functions for the quantum work, and recent experimental verifications. Some resultsare given here for the first time. We particularly emphasize the formally structural consistence between these quantum equalities and their classical counterparts, which are useful for understanding the existing equalities and pursuing new fluctuation relations in other complex quantum systems.展开更多
In this paper,we present a smoothing Newton-like method for solving nonlinear systems of equalities and inequalities.By using the so-called max function,we transfer the inequalities into a system of semismooth equalit...In this paper,we present a smoothing Newton-like method for solving nonlinear systems of equalities and inequalities.By using the so-called max function,we transfer the inequalities into a system of semismooth equalities.Then a smoothing Newton-like method is proposed for solving the reformulated system,which only needs to solve one system of linear equations and to perform one line search at each iteration. The global and local quadratic convergence are studied under appropriate assumptions. Numerical examples show that the new approach is effective.展开更多
In this paper, we establish a new type of alternation theory for more general restricted ranges Chebyshev approximation with equalities. The uniqueness and strong uniqueness theorems are given. Applying the results, w...In this paper, we establish a new type of alternation theory for more general restricted ranges Chebyshev approximation with equalities. The uniqueness and strong uniqueness theorems are given. Applying the results, we obtain the alternation theorem and uniqueness theorem for best coposilive approximation.展开更多
Some rank equalities are established for anti-involutory matrices. In particular, we get the formulas for the rank of the difference, the sum and the commutator of anti-involutory matrices.
A numerical radius inequality due to Shebrawi and Albadawi says that: If Ai, Bi, Xi are bounded operators in Hilbert space, i = 1,2,..., n , and f,g be nonnegative continuous functions on [0, ∞) satisfying the relati...A numerical radius inequality due to Shebrawi and Albadawi says that: If Ai, Bi, Xi are bounded operators in Hilbert space, i = 1,2,..., n , and f,g be nonnegative continuous functions on [0, ∞) satisfying the relation f(t)g(t) = t (t∈[0, ∞)), then for all r≥1. We give sharper numerical radius inequality which states that: If Ai, Bi, Xi are bounded operators in Hilbert space, i = 1,2,..., n , and f,g be nonnegative continuous functions on [0, ∞) satisfying the relation f(t)g(t) = t (t∈[0, ∞)), then ?where . Moreover, we give many numerical radius inequalities which are sharper than related inequalities proved recently, and several applications are given.展开更多
In quantitative decision analysis, an analyst applies mathematical models to make decisions. Frequently these models involve an optimization problem to determine the values of the decision variables, a system </spa...In quantitative decision analysis, an analyst applies mathematical models to make decisions. Frequently these models involve an optimization problem to determine the values of the decision variables, a system </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of possibly non</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">li</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">near inequalities and equalities to restrict these variables, or both. In this</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> note, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">we relate a general nonlinear programming problem to such a system </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> such </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a way as to provide a solution of either by solving the other—with certain l</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">imitations. We first start with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and generalize phase 1 of the two-phase simplex method to either solve </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> or establish that a solution does not exist. A conclusion is reached by trying to solve </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by minimizing a sum of artificial variables subject to the system </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> as constraints. Using examples, we illustrate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">how this approach can give the core of a cooperative game and an equili</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brium for a noncooperative game, as well as solve both linear and nonlinear goal programming problems. Similarly, we start with a general nonlinear programming problem and present an algorithm to solve it as a series of systems </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by generalizing the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sliding objective</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> function </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">method</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> two-dimensional linear programming. An example is presented to illustrate the geometrical nature of this approach.展开更多
Let A∈C<sup>m×n</sup>,set eigenvalues of matrix A with |λ<sub>1</sub> （A）|≥|λ<sub>2</sub>（A）|≥…≥|λ<sub>n</sub>（A）|,write A≥0 if A is a positive semid...Let A∈C<sup>m×n</sup>,set eigenvalues of matrix A with |λ<sub>1</sub> （A）|≥|λ<sub>2</sub>（A）|≥…≥|λ<sub>n</sub>（A）|,write A≥0 if A is a positive semidefinite Hermitian matrix, and denote∧<sub>k</sub> （A）=diag （λ<sub>1</sub>（A）,…,λ<sub>k</sub>（A））,∧<sub>(</sub>（n-k）.（A）=diag (λ<sub>k+1</sub>（A）,…,λ<sub>n</sub>（A）)for any k=1, 2,...,n if A≥0. Denote all n order unitary matrices by U<sup>n×n</sup>.Problem of equalities to hold in eigenvalue inequalities for products of matrices展开更多
In DSP-based SerDes application,it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better sig-nal for ADC and DSP.To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitte...In DSP-based SerDes application,it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better sig-nal for ADC and DSP.To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitter configurations,this paper presents a 112 Gbps DSP-Based PAM4 SerDes receiver with a wide band equalization tuning AFE.The AFE is realized by implementing source degeneration transconductance,feedforward high-pass branch and inductive feedback peaking TIA.The AFE offers a flexible equalization gain tuning of up to 17.5 dB at Nyquist frequency without affecting the DC gain.With the pro-posed AFE,the receiver demonstrates eye opening after digital FIR equalization and achieves 6×10^(-9) BER with a 29.6 dB inser-tion loss channel.展开更多
AIM:To find the effective contrast enhancement method on retinal images for effective segmentation of retinal features.METHODS:A novel image preprocessing method that used neighbourhood-based improved contrast limited...AIM:To find the effective contrast enhancement method on retinal images for effective segmentation of retinal features.METHODS:A novel image preprocessing method that used neighbourhood-based improved contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(NICLAHE)to improve retinal image contrast was suggested to aid in the accurate identification of retinal disorders and improve the visibility of fine retinal structures.Additionally,a minimal-order filter was applied to effectively denoise the images without compromising important retinal structures.The novel NICLAHE algorithm was inspired by the classical CLAHE algorithm,but enhanced it by selecting the clip limits and tile sized in a dynamical manner relative to the pixel values in an image as opposed to using fixed values.It was evaluated on the Drive and high-resolution fundus(HRF)datasets on conventional quality measures.RESULTS:The new proposed preprocessing technique was applied to two retinal image databases,Drive and HRF,with four quality metrics being,root mean square error(RMSE),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),root mean square contrast(RMSC),and overall contrast.The technique performed superiorly on both the data sets as compared to the traditional enhancement methods.In order to assess the compatibility of the method with automated diagnosis,a deep learning framework named ResNet was applied in the segmentation of retinal blood vessels.Sensitivity,specificity,precision and accuracy were used to analyse the performance.NICLAHE–enhanced images outperformed the traditional techniques on both the datasets with improved accuracy.CONCLUSION:NICLAHE provides better results than traditional methods with less error and improved contrastrelated values.These enhanced images are subsequently measured by sensitivity,specificity,precision,and accuracy,which yield a better result in both datasets.展开更多
To investigate the effect of microstructure evolution on corrosion behavior and strengthening mechanism of Mg-1Zn-1Ca(wt.%)alloys,as-cast Mg-1Zn-1Ca alloys were performed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)with 1 ...To investigate the effect of microstructure evolution on corrosion behavior and strengthening mechanism of Mg-1Zn-1Ca(wt.%)alloys,as-cast Mg-1Zn-1Ca alloys were performed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)with 1 and 4 passes.The corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of alloys were investigated by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),electrochemical tests,immersion tests and tensile tests.The results showed that mechanical properties improved after ECAP 1 pass;however,the corrosion resistance deteriorated due to high-density dislocations and fragmented secondary phases by ECAP.In contrast,synchronous improvement in the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance was achieved though grain refinement after ECAP 4 passes;fine grains led to a significant improvement in the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,elongation,and corrosion rate of 103 MPa,223 MPa,30.5%,and 1.5843 mm/a,respectively.The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of dense corrosion product films by finer grains and the barrier effect by high-density grain boundaries.These results indicated that Mg-1Zn-1Ca alloy has a promising potential for application in biomedical materials.展开更多
Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,...Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.展开更多
The Steiner-Lehmus equal bisectors theorem originated in the mid 19th century.Despite its age,it would have been accessible to Euclid and his contemporaries.The theorem remains evergreen,with new proofs continuing to ...The Steiner-Lehmus equal bisectors theorem originated in the mid 19th century.Despite its age,it would have been accessible to Euclid and his contemporaries.The theorem remains evergreen,with new proofs continuing to appear steadily.The theorem has fostered discussion about the nature of proof itself,direct and indirect.Here we continue the momentum by providing a trigonometric proof,relatively short,based on an analytic estimate that leverages algebraic trigonometric identities.Many proofs of the theorem exist in the literature.Some of these contain key ideas that already appeared in C.L.Lehmus’1850 proofs,not always with citation.In the aim of increasing awareness of and making more accessible Lehmus’proofs,we provide an annotated translation.We conclude with remarks on different proofs and relations among them.展开更多
On the evening of May 3Oth,the parallel forum"Equality and Inclusiveness&Harmonious Coexistence:Multi-dimensional Narratives of Civilisations from Writers'Perspective",as part of the 4th Dialogue on ...On the evening of May 3Oth,the parallel forum"Equality and Inclusiveness&Harmonious Coexistence:Multi-dimensional Narratives of Civilisations from Writers'Perspective",as part of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was held in Dunhuang.The forum was organised by the China Writers Association and co-organised by China National Publications Import&Export(Group)Corporation.展开更多
Early detection of Forest and Land Fires(FLF)is essential to prevent the rapid spread of fire as well as minimize environmental damage.However,accurate detection under real-world conditions,such as low light,haze,and ...Early detection of Forest and Land Fires(FLF)is essential to prevent the rapid spread of fire as well as minimize environmental damage.However,accurate detection under real-world conditions,such as low light,haze,and complex backgrounds,remains a challenge for computer vision systems.This study evaluates the impact of three image enhancement techniques—Histogram Equalization(HE),Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE),and a hybrid method called DBST-LCM CLAHE—on the performance of the YOLOv11 object detection model in identifying fires and smoke.The D-Fire dataset,consisting of 21,527 annotated images captured under diverse environmental scenarios and illumination levels,was used to train and evaluate the model.Each enhancement method was applied to the dataset before training.Model performance was assessed using multiple metrics,including Precision,Recall,mean Average Precision at 50%IoU(mAP50),F1-score,and visual inspection through bounding box results.Experimental results show that all three enhancement techniques improved detection performance.HE yielded the highest mAP50 score of 0.771,along with a balanced precision of 0.784 and recall of 0.703,demonstrating strong generalization across different conditions.DBST-LCM CLAHE achieved the highest Precision score of 79%,effectively reducing false positives,particularly in scenes with dispersed smoke or complex textures.CLAHE,with slightly lower overall metrics,contributed to improved local feature detection.Each technique showed distinct advantages:HE enhanced global contrast;CLAHE improved local structure visibility;and DBST-LCM CLAHE provided an optimal balance through dynamic block sizing and local contrast preservation.These results underline the importance of selecting preprocessing methods according to detection priorities,such as minimizing false alarms or maximizing completeness.This research does not propose a new model architecture but rather benchmarks a recent lightweight detector,YOLOv11,combined with image enhancement strategies for practical deployment in FLF monitoring.The findings support the integration of preprocessing techniques to improve detection accuracy,offering a foundation for real-time FLF detection systems on edge devices or drones,particularly in regions like Indonesia.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3011100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62476294)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1212040017)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515010377,2023A1515110697).
文摘In recent years,numerous recurrent neural network(RNN)models have been reported for solving time-dependent nonlinear optimization problems.However,few existing RNN models simultaneously involve nonlinear equality constraints,direct discretization,and noise suppression.This limitation presents challenges when existing models are applied to practical engineering problems.Additionally,most current discrete-time RNN models are derived from continuous-time models,which may not perform well for solving essentially discrete problems.To handle these issues,a robust direct-discretized RNN(RDD-RNN)model is proposed to efficiently realize time-dependent optimization constrained by nonlinear equalities(TDOCNE)in the presence of various time-dependent noises.Theoretical analyses are provided to reveal that the proposed RDD-RNN model possesses excellent convergence and noise-suppressing capability.Furthermore,numerical experiments and manipulator control instances are conducted and analyzed to validate the superior robustness of the proposed RDD-RNN model under various time-dependent noises,particularly quadratic polynomial noise.Eventually,small target detection experiments further demonstrate the practicality of the RDD-RNN model in image processing applications.
基金supported in part by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan under the contract numbers NSTC 114-2221-E-019-055-MY2 and NSTC 114-2221-E-019-069.
文摘Cloud services,favored by many enterprises due to their high flexibility and easy operation,are widely used for data storage and processing.However,the high latency,together with transmission overheads of the cloud architecture,makes it difficult to quickly respond to the demands of IoT applications and local computation.To make up for these deficiencies in the cloud,fog computing has emerged as a critical role in the IoT applications.It decentralizes the computing power to various lower nodes close to data sources,so as to achieve the goal of low latency and distributed processing.With the data being frequently exchanged and shared between multiple nodes,it becomes a challenge to authorize data securely and efficiently while protecting user privacy.To address this challenge,proxy re-encryption(PRE)schemes provide a feasible way allowing an intermediary proxy node to re-encrypt ciphertext designated for different authorized data requesters without compromising any plaintext information.Since the proxy is viewed as a semi-trusted party,it should be taken to prevent malicious behaviors and reduce the risk of data leakage when implementing PRE schemes.This paper proposes a new fog-assisted identity-based PRE scheme supporting anonymous key generation,equality test,and user revocation to fulfill various IoT application requirements.Specifically,in a traditional identity-based public key architecture,the key escrow problem and the necessity of a secure channel are major security concerns.We utilize an anonymous key generation technique to solve these problems.The equality test functionality further enables a cloud server to inspect whether two candidate trapdoors contain an identical keyword.In particular,the proposed scheme realizes fine-grained user-level authorization while maintaining strong key confidentiality.To revoke an invalid user identity,we add a revocation list to the system flows to restrict access privileges without increasing additional computation cost.To ensure security,it is shown that our system meets the security notion of IND-PrID-CCA and OW-ID-CCA under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman(DBDH)assumption.
基金supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.KY10800230005。
文摘In view of the high computational complexity of traditional linear equalization algorithms in Orthogonal Time Frequency Space(OTFS)systems,a minimum mean square error(MMSE)channel equalization algorithm based on Matrix Chunking Lower and Upper Triangular Decomposition(CLU)is proposed.The proposed algorithm derives the structural properties of the chunked MMSE equalization matrix by leveraging the block diagonal structure of the Cyclic Prefix OTFS(CP-OTFS)time-domain channel matrix and the quasi-band structure of its constituent block matrices.On this basis,triangular decomposition combined with forward and backward substitution is used to avoid matrix inversion.This approach significantly reduces the complexity of the MMSE algorithm without sacrificing its performance.
基金the DigiEcoQuarry project,funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No.101003750supported by the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202006370006).
文摘Agile lithology identification can assist mining by providing important information in the exploration and production of mineral resources.This study proposes a new lithology recognition procedure using video-logging of boreholes with an endoscope,applied to six production blocks in a limestone quarry.Images are automatically extracted from the videos and the lithology is classified into three classes based on clay content,i.e.massive limestone,brecciated limestone,and high amount of clay.The image quality is evaluated with a gray pixel intensity threshold and three no-reference image quality metrics,i.e.perception-based image quality evaluator,natural image quality evaluator,and blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator.After removing low-quality images,7583 images are retained and used for developing lithology classification models using six optimized classification techniques.The contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)technique is used to improve image quality.Ten color characteristics involving three percentiles of red,green and blue pixel intensities,together with color counting and five texture characteristics-correlation,entropy,homogeneity,contrast and energy-are used as inputs.Bayesian optimized light gradient boosting machine model performs best,with an overall accuracy of 88.04%,and a precision on the classes of massive limestone,brecciated limestone and high amount of clay of 90.72%,83.52%and 85.29%,respectively,for the testing set.The feature importance scores show that the color counting is the most significant parameter for the development of the classification model.Compared with previous image-based methodologies,this study provides a more flexible and cheaper procedure to identify lithology.
基金ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20230105001National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62001045。
文摘The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.
基金The project supported in part by USA NIH Grant under HG002894
文摘The evolutionary dynamics first conceived by Darwin and Wallace, referring to as Darwinian dynamics in the present paper, has been found to be universally valid in biology. The statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, while enormous successful in physics, have been in an awkward situation of wanting a consistent dynamical understanding. Here we present from a formal point of view an exploration of the connection between thermodynamics and Darwinian dynamics and a few related topics. We first show that the stochasticity in Darwinian dynamics implies the existence temperature, hence the canonical distribution of Boltzmann-Gibbs type. In term of relative entropy the Second Law of thermodynamics is dynamically demonstrated without detailed balance condition, and is valid regardless of size of the system. In particular, the dynamical component responsible for breaking detailed balance condition does not contribute to the change of the relative entropy. Two types of stochastic dynamical equalities of current interest are explicitly discussed in the present approach： One is based on Feynman-Kac formula and another is a generalization of Einstein relation. Both are directly accessible to experimental tests. Our demonstration indicates that Darwinian dynamics represents logically a simple and straightforward starting point for statistical mechanics and thermodynamics and is complementary to and consistent with conservative dynamics that dominates the physical sciences. Present exploration suggests the existence of a unified stochastic dynamical framework both near and far from equilibrium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11174025)
文摘We briefly introduce the quantum Jarzynski and Bochkov-Kuzovlev equalities .in isolated quantum Hamiltonian sys- tems, including their origin, their derivations using a quantum Feynman-Kac formula, the quantum Crooks equality, the evolution equations governing the characteristic functions of the probability density functions for the quantum work, and recent experimental verifications. Some resultsare given here for the first time. We particularly emphasize the formally structural consistence between these quantum equalities and their classical counterparts, which are useful for understanding the existing equalities and pursuing new fluctuation relations in other complex quantum systems.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Zhujiang Scholar Award Project,National Science Foundation of China(10671163,10871031)the National Basic Research Program under the Grant 2005CB321703Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(06A069,06C824)
文摘In this paper,we present a smoothing Newton-like method for solving nonlinear systems of equalities and inequalities.By using the so-called max function,we transfer the inequalities into a system of semismooth equalities.Then a smoothing Newton-like method is proposed for solving the reformulated system,which only needs to solve one system of linear equations and to perform one line search at each iteration. The global and local quadratic convergence are studied under appropriate assumptions. Numerical examples show that the new approach is effective.
文摘In this paper, we establish a new type of alternation theory for more general restricted ranges Chebyshev approximation with equalities. The uniqueness and strong uniqueness theorems are given. Applying the results, we obtain the alternation theorem and uniqueness theorem for best coposilive approximation.
文摘Some rank equalities are established for anti-involutory matrices. In particular, we get the formulas for the rank of the difference, the sum and the commutator of anti-involutory matrices.
文摘A numerical radius inequality due to Shebrawi and Albadawi says that: If Ai, Bi, Xi are bounded operators in Hilbert space, i = 1,2,..., n , and f,g be nonnegative continuous functions on [0, ∞) satisfying the relation f(t)g(t) = t (t∈[0, ∞)), then for all r≥1. We give sharper numerical radius inequality which states that: If Ai, Bi, Xi are bounded operators in Hilbert space, i = 1,2,..., n , and f,g be nonnegative continuous functions on [0, ∞) satisfying the relation f(t)g(t) = t (t∈[0, ∞)), then ?where . Moreover, we give many numerical radius inequalities which are sharper than related inequalities proved recently, and several applications are given.
文摘In quantitative decision analysis, an analyst applies mathematical models to make decisions. Frequently these models involve an optimization problem to determine the values of the decision variables, a system </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of possibly non</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">li</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">near inequalities and equalities to restrict these variables, or both. In this</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> note, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">we relate a general nonlinear programming problem to such a system </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> such </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a way as to provide a solution of either by solving the other—with certain l</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">imitations. We first start with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and generalize phase 1 of the two-phase simplex method to either solve </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> or establish that a solution does not exist. A conclusion is reached by trying to solve </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by minimizing a sum of artificial variables subject to the system </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> as constraints. Using examples, we illustrate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">how this approach can give the core of a cooperative game and an equili</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brium for a noncooperative game, as well as solve both linear and nonlinear goal programming problems. Similarly, we start with a general nonlinear programming problem and present an algorithm to solve it as a series of systems </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by generalizing the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sliding objective</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> function </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">method</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> two-dimensional linear programming. An example is presented to illustrate the geometrical nature of this approach.
基金Supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Let A∈C<sup>m×n</sup>,set eigenvalues of matrix A with |λ<sub>1</sub> （A）|≥|λ<sub>2</sub>（A）|≥…≥|λ<sub>n</sub>（A）|,write A≥0 if A is a positive semidefinite Hermitian matrix, and denote∧<sub>k</sub> （A）=diag （λ<sub>1</sub>（A）,…,λ<sub>k</sub>（A））,∧<sub>(</sub>（n-k）.（A）=diag (λ<sub>k+1</sub>（A）,…,λ<sub>n</sub>（A）)for any k=1, 2,...,n if A≥0. Denote all n order unitary matrices by U<sup>n×n</sup>.Problem of equalities to hold in eigenvalue inequalities for products of matrices
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China No.2022YFB2803401.
文摘In DSP-based SerDes application,it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better sig-nal for ADC and DSP.To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitter configurations,this paper presents a 112 Gbps DSP-Based PAM4 SerDes receiver with a wide band equalization tuning AFE.The AFE is realized by implementing source degeneration transconductance,feedforward high-pass branch and inductive feedback peaking TIA.The AFE offers a flexible equalization gain tuning of up to 17.5 dB at Nyquist frequency without affecting the DC gain.With the pro-posed AFE,the receiver demonstrates eye opening after digital FIR equalization and achieves 6×10^(-9) BER with a 29.6 dB inser-tion loss channel.
文摘AIM:To find the effective contrast enhancement method on retinal images for effective segmentation of retinal features.METHODS:A novel image preprocessing method that used neighbourhood-based improved contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(NICLAHE)to improve retinal image contrast was suggested to aid in the accurate identification of retinal disorders and improve the visibility of fine retinal structures.Additionally,a minimal-order filter was applied to effectively denoise the images without compromising important retinal structures.The novel NICLAHE algorithm was inspired by the classical CLAHE algorithm,but enhanced it by selecting the clip limits and tile sized in a dynamical manner relative to the pixel values in an image as opposed to using fixed values.It was evaluated on the Drive and high-resolution fundus(HRF)datasets on conventional quality measures.RESULTS:The new proposed preprocessing technique was applied to two retinal image databases,Drive and HRF,with four quality metrics being,root mean square error(RMSE),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),root mean square contrast(RMSC),and overall contrast.The technique performed superiorly on both the data sets as compared to the traditional enhancement methods.In order to assess the compatibility of the method with automated diagnosis,a deep learning framework named ResNet was applied in the segmentation of retinal blood vessels.Sensitivity,specificity,precision and accuracy were used to analyse the performance.NICLAHE–enhanced images outperformed the traditional techniques on both the datasets with improved accuracy.CONCLUSION:NICLAHE provides better results than traditional methods with less error and improved contrastrelated values.These enhanced images are subsequently measured by sensitivity,specificity,precision,and accuracy,which yield a better result in both datasets.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374395)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(Nos.20210302123135,202303021221143)+5 种基金the Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Special Project of Shanxi Province,China(Nos.202104021301022,202204021301009)the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects,China(No.YDZJSX20231B003)the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for financial support under the Megagrant(No.075-15-2022-1133)the National Research Foundation(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea through the Research Institute of Advanced Materials(No.2015R1A2A1A01006795)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710541)the Research Project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-038)。
文摘To investigate the effect of microstructure evolution on corrosion behavior and strengthening mechanism of Mg-1Zn-1Ca(wt.%)alloys,as-cast Mg-1Zn-1Ca alloys were performed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)with 1 and 4 passes.The corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of alloys were investigated by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),electrochemical tests,immersion tests and tensile tests.The results showed that mechanical properties improved after ECAP 1 pass;however,the corrosion resistance deteriorated due to high-density dislocations and fragmented secondary phases by ECAP.In contrast,synchronous improvement in the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance was achieved though grain refinement after ECAP 4 passes;fine grains led to a significant improvement in the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,elongation,and corrosion rate of 103 MPa,223 MPa,30.5%,and 1.5843 mm/a,respectively.The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of dense corrosion product films by finer grains and the barrier effect by high-density grain boundaries.These results indicated that Mg-1Zn-1Ca alloy has a promising potential for application in biomedical materials.
基金This paper is a phased research outcome of the 2023 Beijing International Studies University Regional and Country Studies Special Research Project titled“Reading Promotion in Nordic Public Libraries and Its Implications for China’s National Reading Development”(Project No.QYGB23A003).
文摘Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.
文摘The Steiner-Lehmus equal bisectors theorem originated in the mid 19th century.Despite its age,it would have been accessible to Euclid and his contemporaries.The theorem remains evergreen,with new proofs continuing to appear steadily.The theorem has fostered discussion about the nature of proof itself,direct and indirect.Here we continue the momentum by providing a trigonometric proof,relatively short,based on an analytic estimate that leverages algebraic trigonometric identities.Many proofs of the theorem exist in the literature.Some of these contain key ideas that already appeared in C.L.Lehmus’1850 proofs,not always with citation.In the aim of increasing awareness of and making more accessible Lehmus’proofs,we provide an annotated translation.We conclude with remarks on different proofs and relations among them.
文摘On the evening of May 3Oth,the parallel forum"Equality and Inclusiveness&Harmonious Coexistence:Multi-dimensional Narratives of Civilisations from Writers'Perspective",as part of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was held in Dunhuang.The forum was organised by the China Writers Association and co-organised by China National Publications Import&Export(Group)Corporation.
基金funded by the Directorate of Research,Technology,and Community Service,Ministry of Higher Education,Science,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia the Regular Fundamental Research scheme,with grant numbers 001/LL6/PL/AL.04/2025,011/SPK-PFR/RIK/05/2025.
文摘Early detection of Forest and Land Fires(FLF)is essential to prevent the rapid spread of fire as well as minimize environmental damage.However,accurate detection under real-world conditions,such as low light,haze,and complex backgrounds,remains a challenge for computer vision systems.This study evaluates the impact of three image enhancement techniques—Histogram Equalization(HE),Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE),and a hybrid method called DBST-LCM CLAHE—on the performance of the YOLOv11 object detection model in identifying fires and smoke.The D-Fire dataset,consisting of 21,527 annotated images captured under diverse environmental scenarios and illumination levels,was used to train and evaluate the model.Each enhancement method was applied to the dataset before training.Model performance was assessed using multiple metrics,including Precision,Recall,mean Average Precision at 50%IoU(mAP50),F1-score,and visual inspection through bounding box results.Experimental results show that all three enhancement techniques improved detection performance.HE yielded the highest mAP50 score of 0.771,along with a balanced precision of 0.784 and recall of 0.703,demonstrating strong generalization across different conditions.DBST-LCM CLAHE achieved the highest Precision score of 79%,effectively reducing false positives,particularly in scenes with dispersed smoke or complex textures.CLAHE,with slightly lower overall metrics,contributed to improved local feature detection.Each technique showed distinct advantages:HE enhanced global contrast;CLAHE improved local structure visibility;and DBST-LCM CLAHE provided an optimal balance through dynamic block sizing and local contrast preservation.These results underline the importance of selecting preprocessing methods according to detection priorities,such as minimizing false alarms or maximizing completeness.This research does not propose a new model architecture but rather benchmarks a recent lightweight detector,YOLOv11,combined with image enhancement strategies for practical deployment in FLF monitoring.The findings support the integration of preprocessing techniques to improve detection accuracy,offering a foundation for real-time FLF detection systems on edge devices or drones,particularly in regions like Indonesia.
