Since President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative from a national strategy perspective in his State of the Union address,precision medicine has rapidly become a world-wide hotspot and drawn global atte...Since President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative from a national strategy perspective in his State of the Union address,precision medicine has rapidly become a world-wide hotspot and drawn global attention in the medical field.Precision medicine aims at applying genetic information of individual diseases to guide his or her diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Driven by advancements in artificial intelligence,end-to-end learning has become a key method for system optimization in various fields,including communications.However,applying learning algorithms such as backpropaga...Driven by advancements in artificial intelligence,end-to-end learning has become a key method for system optimization in various fields,including communications.However,applying learning algorithms such as backpropagation directly to communication systems is challenging due to their non-differentiable nature.Existing methods typically require developing a precise differentiable digital model of the physical system,which is computationally complex and can cause significant performance loss after deployment.In response,we propose a novel end-to-end learning framework called physics-guided learning.展开更多
Developing approaches for precise engineering of the optical response of plasmonic nanocavities at the postfabrication stage is important for achieving enhanced and tunable light-matter interactions.In this work,we de...Developing approaches for precise engineering of the optical response of plasmonic nanocavities at the postfabrication stage is important for achieving enhanced and tunable light-matter interactions.In this work,we demonstrate selective enhancement/suppression of specific plasmonic modes by embedding nanocube-on-mirror plasmonic nanocavities into a poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)layer with a controllable thickness.With the increase of the PMMA thickness from 0 to approximately 100 nm,the dominating out-of-plane plasmonic modes are significantly suppressed in the scattering spectra,while the in-plane plasmonic modes are greatly enhanced with a factor reaching 102±20.This enhancement is related to the variation of momentum matching between the plasmonic modes and the radiative fields,affecting both mode excitation and emission properties.In addition,the spectral positions of the in-plane and out-of-plane plasmonic modes shift up to 52±5 and 81±2 nm,respectively.These properties are important for matching and enhancing plasmonic and molecular resonances in a variety of applications.展开更多
Understanding the cellular origins and early evolutionary dynamics that drive the initiation of carcinogenesis is critical to advancing early detection and prevention strategies.By characterizing key molecular,cellula...Understanding the cellular origins and early evolutionary dynamics that drive the initiation of carcinogenesis is critical to advancing early detection and prevention strategies.By characterizing key molecular,cellular and niche events at the precancerous tipping point of early gastric cancer(EGC),we aimed to develop more precise screening tools and design targeted interventions to prevent malignant transformation at this stage.We utilized our AI models to integrate spatial multimodal data from nine EGC endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)samples(covering sequential stages from normal to cancer),construct a spatial-temporal profile of disease progression,and identify a critical tipping point(PMC_P)characterized by an immune-suppressive microenvironment during early cancer development.At this stage,inflammatory pit mucous cells with stemness(PMC_2)interact with fibroblasts via NAMPT→ITGA5/ITGB1 and with macrophages via AREG→EGFR/ERBB2 signaling,fostering cancer initiation.We established gastric precancerous cell lines and organoids to demonstrate that NAMPT and AREG promote cellular proliferation in vitro.Furthermore,in the transgenic CEA-SV40 mouse model,targeting AREG and/or NAMPT disrupted key cell interactions,inhibited the JAK-STAT,MAPK,and NFκB pathways,and reduced PD-L1 expression,which was also confirmed by western blot in vitro.These interventions delayed disease progression,reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment,and prevented malignant transformation.Clinical validation was conducted using endoscopically resected EGC specimens.Our study provides a precise spatiotemporal depiction of EGC development and identifies novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for early intervention.展开更多
文摘Since President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative from a national strategy perspective in his State of the Union address,precision medicine has rapidly become a world-wide hotspot and drawn global attention in the medical field.Precision medicine aims at applying genetic information of individual diseases to guide his or her diagnosis and treatment.
基金RGC(ECS 24203724,YCRG C4004-24Y,YCRG C1002-22Y)NSFC(62405258)+2 种基金Innovation and Technology Fund(ITS/237/22)Innovation and TechnologyFund(ITS/226/21FP)NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme(N_CUHK444/22).
文摘Driven by advancements in artificial intelligence,end-to-end learning has become a key method for system optimization in various fields,including communications.However,applying learning algorithms such as backpropagation directly to communication systems is challenging due to their non-differentiable nature.Existing methods typically require developing a precise differentiable digital model of the physical system,which is computationally complex and can cause significant performance loss after deployment.In response,we propose a novel end-to-end learning framework called physics-guided learning.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2806701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(92250305,62305293)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR25F050001,LDT23F04015F05)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/W017075/1)New Cornerstone Science Foundation(NCI202216)。
文摘Developing approaches for precise engineering of the optical response of plasmonic nanocavities at the postfabrication stage is important for achieving enhanced and tunable light-matter interactions.In this work,we demonstrate selective enhancement/suppression of specific plasmonic modes by embedding nanocube-on-mirror plasmonic nanocavities into a poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)layer with a controllable thickness.With the increase of the PMMA thickness from 0 to approximately 100 nm,the dominating out-of-plane plasmonic modes are significantly suppressed in the scattering spectra,while the in-plane plasmonic modes are greatly enhanced with a factor reaching 102±20.This enhancement is related to the variation of momentum matching between the plasmonic modes and the radiative fields,affecting both mode excitation and emission properties.In addition,the spectral positions of the in-plane and out-of-plane plasmonic modes shift up to 52±5 and 81±2 nm,respectively.These properties are important for matching and enhancing plasmonic and molecular resonances in a variety of applications.
基金supported by Shanghai Oriental Talent Youth Program(QNKJ2024006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170555,32300523,32570769,and 62132015)+1 种基金Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1422400)Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(22SG06).
文摘Understanding the cellular origins and early evolutionary dynamics that drive the initiation of carcinogenesis is critical to advancing early detection and prevention strategies.By characterizing key molecular,cellular and niche events at the precancerous tipping point of early gastric cancer(EGC),we aimed to develop more precise screening tools and design targeted interventions to prevent malignant transformation at this stage.We utilized our AI models to integrate spatial multimodal data from nine EGC endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)samples(covering sequential stages from normal to cancer),construct a spatial-temporal profile of disease progression,and identify a critical tipping point(PMC_P)characterized by an immune-suppressive microenvironment during early cancer development.At this stage,inflammatory pit mucous cells with stemness(PMC_2)interact with fibroblasts via NAMPT→ITGA5/ITGB1 and with macrophages via AREG→EGFR/ERBB2 signaling,fostering cancer initiation.We established gastric precancerous cell lines and organoids to demonstrate that NAMPT and AREG promote cellular proliferation in vitro.Furthermore,in the transgenic CEA-SV40 mouse model,targeting AREG and/or NAMPT disrupted key cell interactions,inhibited the JAK-STAT,MAPK,and NFκB pathways,and reduced PD-L1 expression,which was also confirmed by western blot in vitro.These interventions delayed disease progression,reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment,and prevented malignant transformation.Clinical validation was conducted using endoscopically resected EGC specimens.Our study provides a precise spatiotemporal depiction of EGC development and identifies novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for early intervention.
