Agricultural green development is an essential direction for global sustainable agriculture.The academic literature,however,needs to place greater emphasis on studying the factors influencing agricultural green develo...Agricultural green development is an essential direction for global sustainable agriculture.The academic literature,however,needs to place greater emphasis on studying the factors influencing agricultural green development performance and how such performance can be improved.A theoretical framework for agricultural green development performance was constructed in this paper using the Super-SBM model,which considers undesirable outputs,to measure the agricultural green development performance of 330 cities at or above the prefecture level in China(excluding Xizang Autonomous Region,Hong Kong region,Macao region and Taiwan of China)from 2007 to2018.Furthermore,the influencing mechanism of agricultural green development performance was then analyzed using a spatial econometric model.The results show that:1)from 2007 to 2018,China’s agricultural green development performance experienced three stages of evolution:‘rise,decline and rise’.2)The regions with high performance agricultural green development are mainly distributed in eastern China,northeastern China,and southern Qinghai Province.3)The agricultural economic level,industrialization process,and labor quality play significant roles in promoting local agricultural green development performance,while such performance is obviously inhibited by the openness level and the government’s environmental regulations.Local agricultural green development performance is significant inhibited by the agricultural economic level and accelerated industrialization process in neighboring cities,while significantly promoted by the agricultural industrial structure in neighboring cities.Some suggestions for improving agricultural green development performance are proposed based on these research results,which can provide scientific references for promoting sustainable agriculture.展开更多
This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that en...This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.展开更多
The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigat...The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.展开更多
Financial flexibility, due to its capability in optimizing resource allocation, enhancing operational efficiency, and responding to market changes, has become a crucial strategy for “specialized, refined, differentia...Financial flexibility, due to its capability in optimizing resource allocation, enhancing operational efficiency, and responding to market changes, has become a crucial strategy for “specialized, refined, differentiated, and innovative” (SRDI) enterprises to address financing difficulties and cash flow management pressures, thereby achieving sustainable development. This study, based on financial flexibility theory, conducts an empirical analysis using data from China’s listed SRDI enterprises from 2016 to 2023. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial flexibility and corporate sustainable development performance. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of financial flexibility on sustainable development performance varies significantly under different ownership structures and dimensions. This study not only enriches the theory of financial flexibility but also reveals its complex impact mechanisms within SRDI enterprises, providing practical guidance and data support for enterprises to achieve sustainable development in a complex market environment.展开更多
In the digital economy era,many manufacturing enterprises are leveraging digital service enterprises to enhance their digital innovation processes.This paper introduces the concept of“digital innovation network embed...In the digital economy era,many manufacturing enterprises are leveraging digital service enterprises to enhance their digital innovation processes.This paper introduces the concept of“digital innovation network embeddedness”to describe this trend.Unlike traditional strategic resources,which are constrained by high-value,relatively static,restricted flow,and exclusivity,digital resources demonstrate superior fluidity,non-rivalrous access,and high value-driven interdependencies.To bridge this theoretical gap,this study examines the distinctive attributes of digital resources through the dual lenses of resource orchestration theory and dynamic capability theory.Specifically,it proposes big data capability as a mediating mechanism and organizational structure flexibility as a critical moderating factor.Developing this integrated research framework aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which digital innovation network embeddedness dynamically shapes new product development(NPD)performance.Ultimately,this study seeks to advance theoretical understanding and provide actionable insights for digitally empowered manufacturing enterprises to enhance their NPD outcomes.The framework is tested using data from 559 manufacturing enterprises located in South China.There are three findings.(1)An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between digital innovation network structure and NPD performance,and between relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(2)Big data capability mediates the relationship between moderate levels of digital innovation network embeddedness and NPD performance.However,at high levels of digital innovation network embeddedness,big data capability does not significantly mediate the relationship between digital innovation network structure/relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(3)Organizational structure flexibility positively moderates the relationship between digital innovation network relationship embeddedness,big data capability,and NPD performance.Moreover,while mediated moderation occurred,the direct moderation effect on digital innovation network embeddedness is nonsignificant.The conclusions of this study provide insights for manufacturing enterprises seeking to enhance NPD performance within the context of digital innovation network embeddedness.展开更多
Zaozhuang's September was a harvest season, flaming and alluring guava insolently swank their pride in the branches. In China, Guava has long been reckoned as a symbol of blesses and foison, which, I think, prospe...Zaozhuang's September was a harvest season, flaming and alluring guava insolently swank their pride in the branches. In China, Guava has long been reckoned as a symbol of blesses and foison, which, I think, prosper a fruitful outcomes for this textile and apparel fair held synchronously in Shizhong District of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province.展开更多
There is lack of performance monitoring technologies and related standards and specifications in the Puguang gas field,which is ultra-deep with high sulfur content.In this paper,five key technologies of dynamic monito...There is lack of performance monitoring technologies and related standards and specifications in the Puguang gas field,which is ultra-deep with high sulfur content.In this paper,five key technologies of dynamic monitoring were developed and the related standards and specifications were formulated by investigating high-sulfur gas fields at home and abroad,combined with equipment development,laboratory experiments,theoretical research and field tests.The five key technologies include gas production profile logging,downhole sampling and fluid phase analysis,dynamic water invasion prediction and water producing horizon identification,gas well productivity testing and evaluation,and development monitoring and safety control of high-sulfur ultra-deep wells.Then,these key technologies were applied for verification in the Puguang gas field.And the following research results were obtained.First,the sulfur-resistant gas production profile logging tool has a tem-perature resistance of 175℃and pressure resistance of 105 MPa.Forty-three well times gas production profile logging is carried out with a success ratio of 100%.Second,the high-sulfur downhole pressure sampler has a temperature resistance of 150℃and pressure resistance of 70 MPa.Seven well times downhole pressure sampling is carried out with a success ratio of 100%.Third,elemental sulfur is precipitated in the formation when the formation pressure drops to 29.5 MPa.And no sulfur is deposited in the wellbore when the production rate of gas well is higher than 20×10^(4)m^(3)/d.Fourth,water producing horizons can be identified accurately and water breakthrough time of gas wells can be predicted by using water producing horizon identification technology and dynamic water invasion prediction model.Water influx rates can be controlled and water-free gas production period of gas wells can be extended by optimizing and adjusting the working systems of gas wells.And fifth,full coverage of gas well productivity testing is realized by using the testing technology of"downhole implanted gauge&cable delivery&wellhead flow-variable rate",pressure calculation model and well testing interpretation model,and the productivity evaluation results of gas wells are accurate.Sixth,the dynamic gas tight pressure of the cable multi-stage leakage control system of super-high pressure and gas tightness is 50 MPa,and the processing technology for waste gas of blowout hookup is applied to 143 well times testing operation with zero leakage and zero pollution.In conclusion,these performance monitoring technologies have been playing an important role in scientifically formulating the production and reserves increase measures and ensuring long-term stable production of the Puguang gas field.展开更多
Lian 4 fault block is located in the northwest of Fushan sag,Beibuwan Basin.It is a high-saturated condensate gas reservoir with rich condensate oil held by three faults.In order to seek an enhanced condensate oil rec...Lian 4 fault block is located in the northwest of Fushan sag,Beibuwan Basin.It is a high-saturated condensate gas reservoir with rich condensate oil held by three faults.In order to seek an enhanced condensate oil recovery technology that is suitable for this condensate gas reservoir at its later development stage,it is necessary to analyze its reserve producing degree and remaining development potential after depletion production,depending on the supercritical fluid phase behavior and depletion production performance characteristics.The supercritical fluid theories and multiple reservoir engineering dynamic analysis methods were adopted comprehensively,such as dynamic reserves,production decline,liquid-carrying capacity of a production well,and remaining development potential analysis.It is shown that,at its early development stage,the condensate in Lian 4 fault block presented the features of supercritical fluid,and the reservoir pressure was lower than the dew point pressure,so retrograde condensate loss was significant.Owing to the retrograde condensate effect and the fast release of elastic energy,the reserve producing degree of depletion production is low in Lian 4 fault block,and 80% of condensate oil still remains in the reservoir.So,the remaining development potential is great.The supercritical condensate in Lian 4 fault block is of high density.Based on the optimization design by numerical simulation of compositional model,it is proposed to inject CO_(2) at the top and build up pressure by alternating production and injection,so that the secondary gas cap is formed while the gravity-stable miscible displacement is realized.In this way,the recovery factor of condensate reservoirs can be improved by means of the secondary development technology.展开更多
Resource-based view （RBV） has been a very important theory to explain performance in the past decades. Among several types of resources, human resources are known as a critical factor for business success. The prese...Resource-based view （RBV） has been a very important theory to explain performance in the past decades. Among several types of resources, human resources are known as a critical factor for business success. The present paper has sought to link the human resources and performance based on the concept of RBV focusing on entrepreneurs as decisive human resources. This paper uses a sample of 378 Lao small and medium enterprises （SMEs）. Overall, the findings suggest that the significant factors in explaining performance in Lao SMEs are the education of entrepreneurs, business development services for entrepreneurs and experience of entrepreneurs. Whereas training at starting business and training for entrepreneurs were not supported.展开更多
(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such ma...(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such materials in apparatus is laggard than developed countries. GMM materials are mainly applied in step motors, linear actuators, ultrasonic systems, sonar systems, valves, precise controls, active vibration damping etc. It is estimated that the near 10 years will be the fast developing period of global GMM market. Global production of GMM materials during 1989 to 2005 is listed in Table 3.展开更多
Respect for human rights and protection of human rights are significant rules in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.In 2015,judicial administration departments at all levels legally exercised their du...Respect for human rights and protection of human rights are significant rules in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.In 2015,judicial administration departments at all levels legally exercised their duties,implemented the principles and rules in constitution,and kept strengthening propagation of human rights through creation of contents and methods which had acquired great effects.What they have done contributes significantly toward the development of human rights in China.展开更多
Big data knowledge,such as customer demands and consumer preferences,is among the crucial external knowledge that firms need for new product development in the big data environment.Prior research has focused on the pr...Big data knowledge,such as customer demands and consumer preferences,is among the crucial external knowledge that firms need for new product development in the big data environment.Prior research has focused on the profit of big data knowledge providers rather than the profit and pricing schemes of knowledge recipients.This research addresses this theoretical gap and uses theoretical and numerical analysis to compare the profitability of two pricing schemes commonly used by knowledge recipients:subscription pricing and pay-per-use pricing.We find that:(1)the subscription price of big data knowledge has no effect on the optimal time of knowledge transaction in the same pricing scheme,but the usage ratio of the big data knowledge affects the optimal time of knowledge transaction,and the smaller the usage ratio of big data knowledge the earlier the big data knowledge transaction conducts;(2)big data knowledge with a higher update rate can bring greater profits to the firm both in subscription pricing scheme and pay-per-use pricing scheme;(3)a knowledge recipient will choose the knowledge that can bring a higher market share growth rate regardless of what price scheme it adopts,and firms can choose more efficient knowledge in the pay-per-use pricing scheme by adjusting the usage ratio of knowledge usage according to their economic conditions.The model and findings in this paper can help knowledge recipient firms select optimal pricing method and enhance future new product development performance.展开更多
With the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”,it is an inevitable trend for investing smart grid to promote the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy.Smart grid investment has a significant dr...With the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”,it is an inevitable trend for investing smart grid to promote the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy.Smart grid investment has a significant driving effect(derivative value),and evaluating this value can help to more accurately grasp the external effects of smart grid investment and support the realization of industrial linkage value with power grid investment as the core.Therefore,by analyzing the characterization of the derivative value of smart grid driven by investment,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the derivative value of smart grid investment including 11 indicators.Then,the hybrid evaluation model of the derivative value of smart grid investment is developed based on anti-entropy weight(AEW),level based weight assessment(LBWA),and measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution(MARCOS)techniques.The results of case analysis show that for SG investment,the value of sustainable development can better reflect its derivative value,and when smart grid performs poorly in promoting renewable energy consumption,improving primary energy efficiency,and improving its own fault resistance,the driving force of its investment for future sustainable development will decline significantly,making the grid investment lack derivative value.In addition,smart grid investment needs to pay attention to the economy of investment,which is an important guarantee to ensure that the power grid has sufficient and stable sources of investment funds.Finally,compared with three comparison models,the proposed hybrid multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)model can better improve the decision-making efficiency on the premise of ensuring robustness.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971222,42001190)Key R&D(Science and Technology)and Promotion Project of Henan Province(No.222102110420)Key Research Project of Higher Education Think Tank in Henan Province(No.2022ZKYJ06)。
文摘Agricultural green development is an essential direction for global sustainable agriculture.The academic literature,however,needs to place greater emphasis on studying the factors influencing agricultural green development performance and how such performance can be improved.A theoretical framework for agricultural green development performance was constructed in this paper using the Super-SBM model,which considers undesirable outputs,to measure the agricultural green development performance of 330 cities at or above the prefecture level in China(excluding Xizang Autonomous Region,Hong Kong region,Macao region and Taiwan of China)from 2007 to2018.Furthermore,the influencing mechanism of agricultural green development performance was then analyzed using a spatial econometric model.The results show that:1)from 2007 to 2018,China’s agricultural green development performance experienced three stages of evolution:‘rise,decline and rise’.2)The regions with high performance agricultural green development are mainly distributed in eastern China,northeastern China,and southern Qinghai Province.3)The agricultural economic level,industrialization process,and labor quality play significant roles in promoting local agricultural green development performance,while such performance is obviously inhibited by the openness level and the government’s environmental regulations.Local agricultural green development performance is significant inhibited by the agricultural economic level and accelerated industrialization process in neighboring cities,while significantly promoted by the agricultural industrial structure in neighboring cities.Some suggestions for improving agricultural green development performance are proposed based on these research results,which can provide scientific references for promoting sustainable agriculture.
文摘This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.
文摘The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.
文摘Financial flexibility, due to its capability in optimizing resource allocation, enhancing operational efficiency, and responding to market changes, has become a crucial strategy for “specialized, refined, differentiated, and innovative” (SRDI) enterprises to address financing difficulties and cash flow management pressures, thereby achieving sustainable development. This study, based on financial flexibility theory, conducts an empirical analysis using data from China’s listed SRDI enterprises from 2016 to 2023. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial flexibility and corporate sustainable development performance. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of financial flexibility on sustainable development performance varies significantly under different ownership structures and dimensions. This study not only enriches the theory of financial flexibility but also reveals its complex impact mechanisms within SRDI enterprises, providing practical guidance and data support for enterprises to achieve sustainable development in a complex market environment.
基金supported by the Post-Funded Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.23FGLB088)the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71974059)+2 种基金the Ministry of Education in China Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Foundation(No.23YJA630124)the Development of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Guangzhou in 2021(No.2021GZYB12)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030110).
文摘In the digital economy era,many manufacturing enterprises are leveraging digital service enterprises to enhance their digital innovation processes.This paper introduces the concept of“digital innovation network embeddedness”to describe this trend.Unlike traditional strategic resources,which are constrained by high-value,relatively static,restricted flow,and exclusivity,digital resources demonstrate superior fluidity,non-rivalrous access,and high value-driven interdependencies.To bridge this theoretical gap,this study examines the distinctive attributes of digital resources through the dual lenses of resource orchestration theory and dynamic capability theory.Specifically,it proposes big data capability as a mediating mechanism and organizational structure flexibility as a critical moderating factor.Developing this integrated research framework aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which digital innovation network embeddedness dynamically shapes new product development(NPD)performance.Ultimately,this study seeks to advance theoretical understanding and provide actionable insights for digitally empowered manufacturing enterprises to enhance their NPD outcomes.The framework is tested using data from 559 manufacturing enterprises located in South China.There are three findings.(1)An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between digital innovation network structure and NPD performance,and between relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(2)Big data capability mediates the relationship between moderate levels of digital innovation network embeddedness and NPD performance.However,at high levels of digital innovation network embeddedness,big data capability does not significantly mediate the relationship between digital innovation network structure/relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(3)Organizational structure flexibility positively moderates the relationship between digital innovation network relationship embeddedness,big data capability,and NPD performance.Moreover,while mediated moderation occurred,the direct moderation effect on digital innovation network embeddedness is nonsignificant.The conclusions of this study provide insights for manufacturing enterprises seeking to enhance NPD performance within the context of digital innovation network embeddedness.
文摘Zaozhuang's September was a harvest season, flaming and alluring guava insolently swank their pride in the branches. In China, Guava has long been reckoned as a symbol of blesses and foison, which, I think, prosper a fruitful outcomes for this textile and apparel fair held synchronously in Shizhong District of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province.
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project“Safe&Effective Development of High-Sulfur Gas Reservoir(PhaseⅢ)”(No.:2016ZX05017)the Sinopec’s“Ten-Project”Scientific Research Project“Enhanced Gas Recovery Technology for Ultra-Deep&High-Sulfur Gas Field”(No.:P18062).
文摘There is lack of performance monitoring technologies and related standards and specifications in the Puguang gas field,which is ultra-deep with high sulfur content.In this paper,five key technologies of dynamic monitoring were developed and the related standards and specifications were formulated by investigating high-sulfur gas fields at home and abroad,combined with equipment development,laboratory experiments,theoretical research and field tests.The five key technologies include gas production profile logging,downhole sampling and fluid phase analysis,dynamic water invasion prediction and water producing horizon identification,gas well productivity testing and evaluation,and development monitoring and safety control of high-sulfur ultra-deep wells.Then,these key technologies were applied for verification in the Puguang gas field.And the following research results were obtained.First,the sulfur-resistant gas production profile logging tool has a tem-perature resistance of 175℃and pressure resistance of 105 MPa.Forty-three well times gas production profile logging is carried out with a success ratio of 100%.Second,the high-sulfur downhole pressure sampler has a temperature resistance of 150℃and pressure resistance of 70 MPa.Seven well times downhole pressure sampling is carried out with a success ratio of 100%.Third,elemental sulfur is precipitated in the formation when the formation pressure drops to 29.5 MPa.And no sulfur is deposited in the wellbore when the production rate of gas well is higher than 20×10^(4)m^(3)/d.Fourth,water producing horizons can be identified accurately and water breakthrough time of gas wells can be predicted by using water producing horizon identification technology and dynamic water invasion prediction model.Water influx rates can be controlled and water-free gas production period of gas wells can be extended by optimizing and adjusting the working systems of gas wells.And fifth,full coverage of gas well productivity testing is realized by using the testing technology of"downhole implanted gauge&cable delivery&wellhead flow-variable rate",pressure calculation model and well testing interpretation model,and the productivity evaluation results of gas wells are accurate.Sixth,the dynamic gas tight pressure of the cable multi-stage leakage control system of super-high pressure and gas tightness is 50 MPa,and the processing technology for waste gas of blowout hookup is applied to 143 well times testing operation with zero leakage and zero pollution.In conclusion,these performance monitoring technologies have been playing an important role in scientifically formulating the production and reserves increase measures and ensuring long-term stable production of the Puguang gas field.
文摘Lian 4 fault block is located in the northwest of Fushan sag,Beibuwan Basin.It is a high-saturated condensate gas reservoir with rich condensate oil held by three faults.In order to seek an enhanced condensate oil recovery technology that is suitable for this condensate gas reservoir at its later development stage,it is necessary to analyze its reserve producing degree and remaining development potential after depletion production,depending on the supercritical fluid phase behavior and depletion production performance characteristics.The supercritical fluid theories and multiple reservoir engineering dynamic analysis methods were adopted comprehensively,such as dynamic reserves,production decline,liquid-carrying capacity of a production well,and remaining development potential analysis.It is shown that,at its early development stage,the condensate in Lian 4 fault block presented the features of supercritical fluid,and the reservoir pressure was lower than the dew point pressure,so retrograde condensate loss was significant.Owing to the retrograde condensate effect and the fast release of elastic energy,the reserve producing degree of depletion production is low in Lian 4 fault block,and 80% of condensate oil still remains in the reservoir.So,the remaining development potential is great.The supercritical condensate in Lian 4 fault block is of high density.Based on the optimization design by numerical simulation of compositional model,it is proposed to inject CO_(2) at the top and build up pressure by alternating production and injection,so that the secondary gas cap is formed while the gravity-stable miscible displacement is realized.In this way,the recovery factor of condensate reservoirs can be improved by means of the secondary development technology.
文摘Resource-based view （RBV） has been a very important theory to explain performance in the past decades. Among several types of resources, human resources are known as a critical factor for business success. The present paper has sought to link the human resources and performance based on the concept of RBV focusing on entrepreneurs as decisive human resources. This paper uses a sample of 378 Lao small and medium enterprises （SMEs）. Overall, the findings suggest that the significant factors in explaining performance in Lao SMEs are the education of entrepreneurs, business development services for entrepreneurs and experience of entrepreneurs. Whereas training at starting business and training for entrepreneurs were not supported.
文摘(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such materials in apparatus is laggard than developed countries. GMM materials are mainly applied in step motors, linear actuators, ultrasonic systems, sonar systems, valves, precise controls, active vibration damping etc. It is estimated that the near 10 years will be the fast developing period of global GMM market. Global production of GMM materials during 1989 to 2005 is listed in Table 3.
文摘Respect for human rights and protection of human rights are significant rules in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.In 2015,judicial administration departments at all levels legally exercised their duties,implemented the principles and rules in constitution,and kept strengthening propagation of human rights through creation of contents and methods which had acquired great effects.What they have done contributes significantly toward the development of human rights in China.
基金This research was funded by(the National Natural Science Foundation of China)Grant Number(71704016),(the Key Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China)Grant Number(19A006),and(the Enterprise Strategic Management and Investment Decision Research Base of Hunan Province)Grant Number(19qyzd03).
文摘Big data knowledge,such as customer demands and consumer preferences,is among the crucial external knowledge that firms need for new product development in the big data environment.Prior research has focused on the profit of big data knowledge providers rather than the profit and pricing schemes of knowledge recipients.This research addresses this theoretical gap and uses theoretical and numerical analysis to compare the profitability of two pricing schemes commonly used by knowledge recipients:subscription pricing and pay-per-use pricing.We find that:(1)the subscription price of big data knowledge has no effect on the optimal time of knowledge transaction in the same pricing scheme,but the usage ratio of the big data knowledge affects the optimal time of knowledge transaction,and the smaller the usage ratio of big data knowledge the earlier the big data knowledge transaction conducts;(2)big data knowledge with a higher update rate can bring greater profits to the firm both in subscription pricing scheme and pay-per-use pricing scheme;(3)a knowledge recipient will choose the knowledge that can bring a higher market share growth rate regardless of what price scheme it adopts,and firms can choose more efficient knowledge in the pay-per-use pricing scheme by adjusting the usage ratio of knowledge usage according to their economic conditions.The model and findings in this paper can help knowledge recipient firms select optimal pricing method and enhance future new product development performance.
文摘With the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”,it is an inevitable trend for investing smart grid to promote the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy.Smart grid investment has a significant driving effect(derivative value),and evaluating this value can help to more accurately grasp the external effects of smart grid investment and support the realization of industrial linkage value with power grid investment as the core.Therefore,by analyzing the characterization of the derivative value of smart grid driven by investment,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the derivative value of smart grid investment including 11 indicators.Then,the hybrid evaluation model of the derivative value of smart grid investment is developed based on anti-entropy weight(AEW),level based weight assessment(LBWA),and measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution(MARCOS)techniques.The results of case analysis show that for SG investment,the value of sustainable development can better reflect its derivative value,and when smart grid performs poorly in promoting renewable energy consumption,improving primary energy efficiency,and improving its own fault resistance,the driving force of its investment for future sustainable development will decline significantly,making the grid investment lack derivative value.In addition,smart grid investment needs to pay attention to the economy of investment,which is an important guarantee to ensure that the power grid has sufficient and stable sources of investment funds.Finally,compared with three comparison models,the proposed hybrid multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)model can better improve the decision-making efficiency on the premise of ensuring robustness.
