Resource-type industries are significance in national economy in the initial stage of industrialization and urbanization in developing countries including China. China is abundant in energy resources, but their distri...Resource-type industries are significance in national economy in the initial stage of industrialization and urbanization in developing countries including China. China is abundant in energy resources, but their distribution is uneven. The prospect of iron and steel industry from the supply of iron ore and coal as well as nonferous metallurgical industry, and chemical industry, is discussed. Processing of agricultural product is an important component of resource-type industries, and the base of light industry. The current status of light industry and different potentials in China’s provinces are analysed. The author classifies all provinces into five types according to the spatial combination of minerals in China, and argues that four indicators have to be taken into account with regard to the appraisal of geographical position.展开更多
Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet as alternative materials was explored for use in alkaline conditions,replacing the WC-Co cemented carbides,since Co is classified as a potentially carcinogenic substance and there is potentia...Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet as alternative materials was explored for use in alkaline conditions,replacing the WC-Co cemented carbides,since Co is classified as a potentially carcinogenic substance and there is potential hazard of“hard metal disease”under the exposure to cobalt dust.The changes in microstructure,corrosion rate and volumetric loss rate of the two materials were compared under electrochemical corrosion and erosion-corrosion in alkaline environment.The results demonstrates that Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet undergoes passivation when exposed to electrochemical corrosion of NaOH solution,resulting in a significant increase in oxygen content on the corroded surface.The corrosion rate of cermet is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the cemented carbide.Under the erosion-corrosion of an alkaline sand-water mixture,both the cermet and cemented carbide experience a gradual increase in volumetric loss rate with prolonging the erosion time.During erosion,the rim phase in cermet is fragile,so cracks easily penetrate it while the core phase remains intact.The medium-grained cemented carbide commonly demonstrates transgranular fracture mode,while in the fine-grained cemented carbide,cracks tend to propagate along phase boundaries.The erosive wear and damage caused by sand particles play a predominant role in the erosion-corrosion process of alkaline sand-water mixtures.This process represents an accelerated destructive phenomenon influenced and intensified by the combined effects of corrosion and erosion.It is confirmed that using cermet as an alternative anti-wear material to cemented carbides is feasible under alkaline conditions,and even better.展开更多
Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may...Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may be related to neuroinflammation, cellular immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review summarizes the current status of different types of remote ischemic conditioning methods in animal and clinical studies and analyzes their commonalities and differences in neuroprotective mechanisms and signaling pathways. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for improving stroke-induced brain injury owing to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, safety, and patient tolerability. Different forms of remote ischemic conditioning exhibit distinct intervention patterns, timing, and application range. Mechanistically, remote ischemic conditioning can exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Notch1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, improving cerebral perfusion, suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating autophagy, and promoting neural regeneration. While remote ischemic conditioning has shown potential in improving stroke outcomes, its full clinical translation has not yet been achieved.展开更多
Actuator faults can be critical in turbofan engines as they can lead to stall,surge,loss of thrust and failure of speed control.Thus,fault diagnosis of gas turbine actuators has attracted considerable attention,from b...Actuator faults can be critical in turbofan engines as they can lead to stall,surge,loss of thrust and failure of speed control.Thus,fault diagnosis of gas turbine actuators has attracted considerable attention,from both academia and industry.However,the extensive literature that exists on this topic does not address identifying the severity of actuator faults and focuses mainly on actuator fault detection and isolation.In addition,previous studies of actuator fault identification have not dealt with multiple concurrent faults in real time,especially when these are accompanied by sudden failures under dynamic conditions.This study develops component-level models for fault identification in four typical actuators used in high-bypass ratio turbofan engines under both dynamic and steady-state conditions and these are then integrated with the engine performance model developed by the authors.The research results reported here present a novel method of quantifying actuator faults using dynamic effect compensation.The maximum error for each actuator is less than0.06%and 0.07%,with average computational time of less than 0.0058 s and 0.0086 s for steady-state and transient cases,respectively.These results confirm that the proposed method can accurately and efficiently identify concurrent actuator fault for an engine operating under either transient or steady-state conditions,even in the case of a sudden malfunction.The research results emonstrate the potential benefit to emergency response capabilities by introducing this method of monitoring the health of aero engines.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
In developing countries, the numbers of traffic accidents, injuries and fatalities are very high and tend to increase atsignalized intersections. For example, in Ho Chi Minh City （HCMC） of Vietnam, the number of acc...In developing countries, the numbers of traffic accidents, injuries and fatalities are very high and tend to increase atsignalized intersections. For example, in Ho Chi Minh City （HCMC） of Vietnam, the number of accidents at signalized intersectionsaccounted for 45% of the total accidents at all the intersections. This fact leads to strong necessity for analyzing traffic safety atsignalized intersections. Nevertheless, the historical accident data in HCMC is not available for deep analysis, this study uses videocameras to capture and analyze conflicts that potentially lead to accidents using TCT （traffic conflict technique）. Conflict severityidentification is one of the most significant steps to evaluate traffic safety at signalized intersections using TCT. Six zones （seriousconflict, common conflict, non-conflict, highest potential serious conflict, potential serious conflict, and potential common conflict） areexplored in this study to clarify conflict severity. This result is based on being the cut off value between serious conflicts and commonconflicts, according to 85% cumulative frequency of TTC （time to collision） and CS （conflict speed） under 3,050 samples size whichwere observed at 10 signalized intersections during August-November, 2014. Such a deep understanding is a scientific basis to studyhow to apply TCT to evaluate traffic safety at signalized intersections under mixed traffic conditions.展开更多
In cold regions,rock structures will be weakened by freeze-thaw cycles under various water immersion conditions.Determining how water immersion conditions impact rock deterioration under freeze-thaw cycles is critical...In cold regions,rock structures will be weakened by freeze-thaw cycles under various water immersion conditions.Determining how water immersion conditions impact rock deterioration under freeze-thaw cycles is critical to assess accurately the frost resistance of engineered rock.In this paper,freeze-thaw cycles(temperature range of-20℃-20℃)were performed on the sandstones in different water immersion conditions(fully,partially and non-immersed in water).Then,computed tomography(CT)tests were conducted on the sandstones when the freeze-thaw number reached 0,5,10,15,20 and 30.Next,the effects of water immersion conditions on the microstructure deterioration of sandstone under freezethaw cycles were evaluated using CT spatial imaging,porosity and damage factor.Finally,focusing on the partially immersed condition,the immersion volume rate was defined to understand the effects of immersion degree on the freeze-thaw damage of sandstone and to propose a damage model considering the freeze-thaw number and immersion degree.The results show that with increasing freeze-thaw number,the porosities and damage factors under fully and partially immersed conditions increase continuously,while those under non-immersed condition first increase and then remain approximately constant.The most severe freeze-thaw damage occurs in fully immersed condition,followed by partially immersed condition and finally non-immersed condition.Interestingly,the freeze-thaw number and the immersion volume rate both impact the microstructure deterioration of the partially immersed sandstone.For the same freeze-thaw number,the damage factor increases approximately linearly with increasing immersion volume rate,and the increasing immersion degree exacerbates the microstructure deterioration of sandstone.Moreover,the proposed model can effectively estimate the freeze-thaw damage of partially immersed sandstone with different immersion volume rates.展开更多
The potential of 2-amino-1-propanol(AP)as a novel depressant in selectively floating ilmenite from titanaugite under weakly acidic conditions was investigated.Micro-flotation results show that AP significantly reduces...The potential of 2-amino-1-propanol(AP)as a novel depressant in selectively floating ilmenite from titanaugite under weakly acidic conditions was investigated.Micro-flotation results show that AP significantly reduces the recovery of titanaugite while having no evident impact on ilmenite flotation.Subsequent bench-scale flotation tests further confirm a remarkable improvement in separation efficiency upon the introduction of AP.Contact angle and adsorption tests reveal a stronger affinity of AP towards the titanaugite surface in comparison to ilmenite.Zeta potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses exhibit favorable adsorption characteristics of AP on titanaugite,resulting from a synergy of electrostatic attraction and chemical interaction.In contrast,electrostatic repulsion hinders any significant interaction between AP and the ilmenite surface.These findings highlight the potential of AP as a highly efficient depressant for ilmenite flotation,paving the way for reduced reliance on sulfuric acid in the industry.展开更多
Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrai...Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrained(CU)and drained(CD)triaxial testing elucidated the impact of strain rate(0.005–0.3 mm/min)on strength envelopes,deformation moduli,pore pressures,and dilatancy characteristics of unsaturated and quasi-saturated loess.Under drained conditions with a controlled matric suction of 50 kPa,increasing strain rates from 0.005 mm/min to 0.011 mm/min induced decreases in failure deviatoric stress(qf),initial deformation modulus(Ei),and cohesion(c),while friction angles remained unaffected.Specimens displayed initial contractive volumetric strains transitioning to dilation across varying confining pressures.Higher rates diminished contractive volumetric strains and drainage volumes,indicating reduced densification and strength in the shear zone.Under undrained conditions,both unsaturated and quasi-saturated(pore pressure coefficient B=0.75)loess exhibited deteriorating mechanical properties with increasing rates from 0.03 mm/min to 0.3 mm/min.For unsaturated loess,reduced contractive volumetric strains at higher rates manifested relatively looser structures in the pre-peak stress phase.The strength decrement in quasi-saturated loess arose from elevated excess porewater pressures diminishing effective stresses.Negative porewater pressures emerged in quasi-saturated loess at lower confining pressures and strain rates.Compared to previous studies,the qf and Ei exhibited rate sensitivity below threshold values before attaining minima with marginal subsequent influence.The underlying mechanism mirrors the transition from creep to accelerated deformation phase of landslides.展开更多
The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is the region with the richest oil sand resources in China.For better understanding the enrichment rules and deployment of exploration and development of regional oil sand,it i...The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is the region with the richest oil sand resources in China.For better understanding the enrichment rules and deployment of exploration and development of regional oil sand,it is of great scientific significance to study the accumulation conditions of oil sand in different strata and mining areas of the Junggar Basin.Through a large number of field investigations,drilling verification and sampling tests,it is found that the oil sand in the region covers an area of 2000 km^(2),with shallow and thick reservoir,and predicted resource of 180 million tons.The oil sand resources are mainly distributed in four geological strata,namely the Middle Triassic Karamay Formation,Early Jurassic Badaowan Formation,Late Jurassic Qigu Formation,and Early Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation.The reservoir is mainly composed of sandstone with high porosity and permeability,and the reservoir space is mainly intergranular pores with a medium average oil content.The oil sand deposit in the region is a typical destructive oil reservoir.The crude oil in the oil sand layer is degraded and thickened from the deep to the shallow,the content of saturated hydrocarbon decreased,and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon,non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene increased.The oil source comes from the deep Permian hydrocarbon-generating depression.Unconformities,faults and marginal fan delta-braided river depositional systems constitute effective migration and storage systems.Caprocks of the Upper Triassic Baijiantan Formation,Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation and Lower Cretaceous Hutubihe Formation were formed by three large scale lake transgressions.The Indosinian,Yanshan and Late Yanshan movements are the main driving forces for the migration of deep oil and gas to the shallow edge to form oil sand deposits.It is considered that the oil sand in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is of a slope complex migration type.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(RZIBs) with hydrogel electrolytes(HEs) have gained significant attention in the last decade owing to their high safety, low cost, sufficient material abundance, and superb environme...Rechargeable zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(RZIBs) with hydrogel electrolytes(HEs) have gained significant attention in the last decade owing to their high safety, low cost, sufficient material abundance, and superb environmental friendliness, which is extremely important for wearable energy storage applications. Given that HEs play a critical role in building flexible RZIBs, it is urgent to summarize the recent advances in this field and elucidate the design principles of HEs for practical applications. This review systematically presents the development history, recent advances in the material fundamentals, functional designs, challenges, and prospects of the HEs-based RZIBs. Firstly, the fundamentals, species, and flexible mechanisms of HEs are discussed, along with their compatibility with Zn anodes and various cathodes. Then, the functional designs of hydrogel electrolytes in harsh conditions are comprehensively discussed, including high/low/wide-temperature windows, mechanical deformations(e.g., bending, twisting, and straining), and damages(e.g., cutting, burning, and soaking). Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for advancing HEs-based RZIBs are outlined.展开更多
Landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)is significantly affected by the uncertainty issue of landslide related conditioning factor selection.However,most of literature only performs comparative studies on a certain c...Landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)is significantly affected by the uncertainty issue of landslide related conditioning factor selection.However,most of literature only performs comparative studies on a certain conditioning factor selection method rather than systematically study this uncertainty issue.Targeted,this study aims to systematically explore the influence rules of various commonly used conditioning factor selection methods on LSP,and on this basis to innovatively propose a principle with universal application for optimal selection of conditioning factors.An'yuan County in southern China is taken as example considering 431 landslides and 29 types of conditioning factors.Five commonly used factor selection methods,namely,the correlation analysis(CA),linear regression(LR),principal component analysis(PCA),rough set(RS)and artificial neural network(ANN),are applied to select the optimal factor combinations from the original 29 conditioning factors.The factor selection results are then used as inputs of four types of common machine learning models to construct 20 types of combined models,such as CA-multilayer perceptron,CA-random forest.Additionally,multifactor-based multilayer perceptron random forest models that selecting conditioning factors based on the proposed principle of“accurate data,rich types,clear significance,feasible operation and avoiding duplication”are constructed for comparisons.Finally,the LSP uncertainties are evaluated by the accuracy,susceptibility index distribution,etc.Results show that:(1)multifactor-based models have generally higher LSP performance and lower uncertainties than those of factors selection-based models;(2)Influence degree of different machine learning on LSP accuracy is greater than that of different factor selection methods.Conclusively,the above commonly used conditioning factor selection methods are not ideal for improving LSP performance and may complicate the LSP processes.In contrast,a satisfied combination of conditioning factors can be constructed according to the proposed principle.展开更多
Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the corr...Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the correlations between energy poverty,energy intensity,resource abundance,and income inequality,as these factors have been theorized to play important roles in influencing energy poverty in developing countries.By observing that the dataset is heterogeneous across the countries and over the time frame,we use the Method of Moments Quantile Regression(MMQR)to analyze our developing countries’data from 2000 to 2019.Our findings indicate that energy intensity is a significant factor influencing energy poverty,suggesting that higher energy consumption relative to the sample countries can exacerbate this issue.Additionally,we observe that income inequality within the sample countries is a critical determinant of energy poverty levels,highlighting the dynamics between economic disparity and access to energy resources.Interestingly,our study reveals that resource abundance acts as a blessing rather than a curse in terms of energy poverty,implying that countries rich in natural resources may have better opportunities to combat energy deprivation.Finally,we emphasize the vital role of financial markets in addressing energy poverty on a global scale,suggesting that robust financial systems can facilitate investments and innovations aimed at improving energy access for vulnerable populations.The results from the robustness analysis support the empirical results obtained from the main estimation.The empirical findings of the present study advance important comprehensions for policymakers to adopt energy policies that address the complex challenges of energy poverty and promote inclusive energy access.展开更多
River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by gen...River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by generations of water resources professionals.Rooted in river ecology,it offers a framework for advancing modern water governance systems and capabilities.This paper examines eight dimensions of river ethics to provide actionable recommendations:enhancing knowledge systems on water,rivers,and lakes;addressing critical challenges in water governance to strengthen the foundational role of water authorities in ensuring water security,resource management,ecological sustainability and environmental protection;optimizing water project planning to mitigate ecological impacts;ensuring high standards in the lifecycle management of water projects;refining water diversion strategies for precise scheduling;utilizing ecosystem complexity for river and lake restoration;implementing tiered management of water-related disasters;and driving reforms to modernize water governance systems and mechanisms.展开更多
Let d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the number of factorization n=n_(1)n_(2)satisfying n_i≡r_i(mod q_i)(i=1,2)andΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the error term of the summatory function of d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))...Let d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the number of factorization n=n_(1)n_(2)satisfying n_i≡r_i(mod q_i)(i=1,2)andΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the error term of the summatory function of d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).Suppose x≥(q_(1)q_(2))^(1+ε),1≤r_i≤q_i,and(r_i,q_i)=1(i=1,2).This paper studies the power moments and sign changes ofΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).We prove that for sufficiently large constant C,Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))changes sign in the interval[T,T+C√T]for any large T.Meanwhile,we show that for small constants c and c,there exist infinitely many subintervals of length c√log^(-7)T in[T,2T]where±Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))>cx^(1/4)always holds.展开更多
Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts ...Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.展开更多
ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The m...ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The methods for preparing ZnO are diverse,and among them,the hydrothermal method is favored for its simplicity,ease of operation,and low cost,making it an optimal choice for ZnO single-crystal growth.Most studies investigating the effects of different hydrothermal experimental parameters on the morphology and performance of ZnO nano-materials typically focus on only 2—3 variable parameters,with few examining the impact of all possible experimental parameter changes on ZnO nano-mate-rials.The principles of the hydrothermal method and its advantages in nano-material preparation were briefly introduced in this article.The detailed discussion on the influence of various experimental parameters on the preparation of ZnO nano-materials was provided,which including reaction materials,Zn^(2+)/OH^(-)ratio,reaction time and temperature,additives,experimental equipment,and annealing conditions.The review co-vers how different experimental parameters affect the morphology and performance of the materials,as well as how different rare earth doping elements influence the performance of ZnO nano-materials.It is hoped that this work will contribute to future research on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials.展开更多
Background:Low awareness of common pediatric eye conditions,such as amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia in rural Chiang Rai,Thailand,prompted the development of a specialized curriculum.This curriculum aimed to provid...Background:Low awareness of common pediatric eye conditions,such as amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia in rural Chiang Rai,Thailand,prompted the development of a specialized curriculum.This curriculum aimed to provide individuals serving these areas with resources to educate and disseminate information within their communities.Methods:A one-hour curriculum covering the causes,signs,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia was delivered virtually to public health students at a Thai university and in-person to students at this university and rural community members.The in-person seminar included hands-on activities and simulations of these eye conditions.Knowledge acquisition and retention were assessed using pre-tests,immediate post-tests,and one-month post-tests.Results:The seminar was attended by 87 virtual public health students,111 in-person public health students,and 40 in-person rural community members.All groups showed significant improvement in test scores from pre-test to immediate post-test(P<0.001).In-person students had 1.57 times the odds of answering correctly on the immediate post-test compared to virtual students,despite no significant difference in baseline knowledge.However,the subset of in-person students who did not receive bilingual materials showed no significant difference in immediate post-test performance compared to virtual students(P>0.05).Although public health students had more than twice the odds of answering correctly at pre-test compared to rural community members,there were no significant differences between groups on the immediate post-test(P>0.05).Conclusion:A brief seminar significantly improved understanding and retention of pediatric eye conditions,achieving similar levels of understanding among public health students and rural community members,regardless of initial knowledge on this topic.In-person,hands-on seminars with educational materials in participants'preferred language proved more effective than virtual ones in achieving these improvements.展开更多
The titanium alloy strut serves as a key load-bearing component of aircraft landing gear,typically manufactured via forging.The friction condition has important influence on material flow and cavity filling during the...The titanium alloy strut serves as a key load-bearing component of aircraft landing gear,typically manufactured via forging.The friction condition has important influence on material flow and cavity filling during the forging process.Using the previously optimized shape and initial position of preform,the influence of the friction condition(friction factor m=0.1–0.3)on material flow and cavity filling was studied by numerical method with a shear friction model.A novel filling index was defined to reflect material flow into left and right flashes and zoom in on friction-induced results.The results indicate that the workpiece moves rigidly to the right direction,with the displacement decreasing as m increases.When m<0.18,the underfilling defect will occur in the left side of strut forging,while overflow occurs in the right forging die cavity.By combining the filling index and analyses of material flow and filling status,a reasonable friction factor interval of m=0.21–0.24 can be determined.Within this interval,the cavity filling behavior demonstrates robustness,with friction fluctuations exerting minimal influence.展开更多
Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than...Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than standard relative survival(RS).This study aims to evaluate the 5-year CRS among adolescent and young adult(AYA)breast cancer patients by age,tumor stage,and receptor subtype to guide disclosure periods for insurance.Methods Data of all females aged 18–39 years and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2021(n=13,075)were obtained from The Netherlands Cancer Registry(NCR).The five-year CRS was calculated annually up to 10 years post-diagnosis using a hybrid analysis approach.Results For the total AYA breast cancer study population the 5-year CRS exceeded 90%from diagnosis and increased beyond 95%7 years post-diagnosis.Patients aged 18–24 reached 95%9 years post-diagnosis,those aged 25–29 after 5 years,and those aged 30–34 and 35–39 after 8 years.For stage I,the 5-year CRS reached 95%from diagnosis,for stage II after 6 years,while the 5-year CRS for stages III and IV did not reach the 95%threshold during the 10-year follow-up.Triple-negative tumors exceeded 95%after 4 years,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive tumors after 6 years,while hormone receptor(HR)positive tumors did not reach 95%.Conclusion Excess mortality among AYA breast cancer patients tends to be little(CRS 90%–95%)from diagnosis and becomes minimal(CRS>95%)over time compared to the general population.These results can enhance expectation management and inform policymakers,suggesting a shorter disclosure period.展开更多
文摘Resource-type industries are significance in national economy in the initial stage of industrialization and urbanization in developing countries including China. China is abundant in energy resources, but their distribution is uneven. The prospect of iron and steel industry from the supply of iron ore and coal as well as nonferous metallurgical industry, and chemical industry, is discussed. Processing of agricultural product is an important component of resource-type industries, and the base of light industry. The current status of light industry and different potentials in China’s provinces are analysed. The author classifies all provinces into five types according to the spatial combination of minerals in China, and argues that four indicators have to be taken into account with regard to the appraisal of geographical position.
基金Chongqing Light Alloy Materials and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center Open Fund Project(GCZX201903)Yunnan Province Major Science and Technology Special Project Plan(202302AA310038)Sichuan University-Suining Municipal-University Cooperation Project(2023CDSN-12)。
文摘Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet as alternative materials was explored for use in alkaline conditions,replacing the WC-Co cemented carbides,since Co is classified as a potentially carcinogenic substance and there is potential hazard of“hard metal disease”under the exposure to cobalt dust.The changes in microstructure,corrosion rate and volumetric loss rate of the two materials were compared under electrochemical corrosion and erosion-corrosion in alkaline environment.The results demonstrates that Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet undergoes passivation when exposed to electrochemical corrosion of NaOH solution,resulting in a significant increase in oxygen content on the corroded surface.The corrosion rate of cermet is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the cemented carbide.Under the erosion-corrosion of an alkaline sand-water mixture,both the cermet and cemented carbide experience a gradual increase in volumetric loss rate with prolonging the erosion time.During erosion,the rim phase in cermet is fragile,so cracks easily penetrate it while the core phase remains intact.The medium-grained cemented carbide commonly demonstrates transgranular fracture mode,while in the fine-grained cemented carbide,cracks tend to propagate along phase boundaries.The erosive wear and damage caused by sand particles play a predominant role in the erosion-corrosion process of alkaline sand-water mixtures.This process represents an accelerated destructive phenomenon influenced and intensified by the combined effects of corrosion and erosion.It is confirmed that using cermet as an alternative anti-wear material to cemented carbides is feasible under alkaline conditions,and even better.
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071332the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund for Innovation and Development,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0041 (both to ZG)。
文摘Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may be related to neuroinflammation, cellular immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review summarizes the current status of different types of remote ischemic conditioning methods in animal and clinical studies and analyzes their commonalities and differences in neuroprotective mechanisms and signaling pathways. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for improving stroke-induced brain injury owing to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, safety, and patient tolerability. Different forms of remote ischemic conditioning exhibit distinct intervention patterns, timing, and application range. Mechanistically, remote ischemic conditioning can exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Notch1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, improving cerebral perfusion, suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating autophagy, and promoting neural regeneration. While remote ischemic conditioning has shown potential in improving stroke outcomes, its full clinical translation has not yet been achieved.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402520)。
文摘Actuator faults can be critical in turbofan engines as they can lead to stall,surge,loss of thrust and failure of speed control.Thus,fault diagnosis of gas turbine actuators has attracted considerable attention,from both academia and industry.However,the extensive literature that exists on this topic does not address identifying the severity of actuator faults and focuses mainly on actuator fault detection and isolation.In addition,previous studies of actuator fault identification have not dealt with multiple concurrent faults in real time,especially when these are accompanied by sudden failures under dynamic conditions.This study develops component-level models for fault identification in four typical actuators used in high-bypass ratio turbofan engines under both dynamic and steady-state conditions and these are then integrated with the engine performance model developed by the authors.The research results reported here present a novel method of quantifying actuator faults using dynamic effect compensation.The maximum error for each actuator is less than0.06%and 0.07%,with average computational time of less than 0.0058 s and 0.0086 s for steady-state and transient cases,respectively.These results confirm that the proposed method can accurately and efficiently identify concurrent actuator fault for an engine operating under either transient or steady-state conditions,even in the case of a sudden malfunction.The research results emonstrate the potential benefit to emergency response capabilities by introducing this method of monitoring the health of aero engines.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
文摘In developing countries, the numbers of traffic accidents, injuries and fatalities are very high and tend to increase atsignalized intersections. For example, in Ho Chi Minh City （HCMC） of Vietnam, the number of accidents at signalized intersectionsaccounted for 45% of the total accidents at all the intersections. This fact leads to strong necessity for analyzing traffic safety atsignalized intersections. Nevertheless, the historical accident data in HCMC is not available for deep analysis, this study uses videocameras to capture and analyze conflicts that potentially lead to accidents using TCT （traffic conflict technique）. Conflict severityidentification is one of the most significant steps to evaluate traffic safety at signalized intersections using TCT. Six zones （seriousconflict, common conflict, non-conflict, highest potential serious conflict, potential serious conflict, and potential common conflict） areexplored in this study to clarify conflict severity. This result is based on being the cut off value between serious conflicts and commonconflicts, according to 85% cumulative frequency of TTC （time to collision） and CS （conflict speed） under 3,050 samples size whichwere observed at 10 signalized intersections during August-November, 2014. Such a deep understanding is a scientific basis to studyhow to apply TCT to evaluate traffic safety at signalized intersections under mixed traffic conditions.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172019).
文摘In cold regions,rock structures will be weakened by freeze-thaw cycles under various water immersion conditions.Determining how water immersion conditions impact rock deterioration under freeze-thaw cycles is critical to assess accurately the frost resistance of engineered rock.In this paper,freeze-thaw cycles(temperature range of-20℃-20℃)were performed on the sandstones in different water immersion conditions(fully,partially and non-immersed in water).Then,computed tomography(CT)tests were conducted on the sandstones when the freeze-thaw number reached 0,5,10,15,20 and 30.Next,the effects of water immersion conditions on the microstructure deterioration of sandstone under freezethaw cycles were evaluated using CT spatial imaging,porosity and damage factor.Finally,focusing on the partially immersed condition,the immersion volume rate was defined to understand the effects of immersion degree on the freeze-thaw damage of sandstone and to propose a damage model considering the freeze-thaw number and immersion degree.The results show that with increasing freeze-thaw number,the porosities and damage factors under fully and partially immersed conditions increase continuously,while those under non-immersed condition first increase and then remain approximately constant.The most severe freeze-thaw damage occurs in fully immersed condition,followed by partially immersed condition and finally non-immersed condition.Interestingly,the freeze-thaw number and the immersion volume rate both impact the microstructure deterioration of the partially immersed sandstone.For the same freeze-thaw number,the damage factor increases approximately linearly with increasing immersion volume rate,and the increasing immersion degree exacerbates the microstructure deterioration of sandstone.Moreover,the proposed model can effectively estimate the freeze-thaw damage of partially immersed sandstone with different immersion volume rates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1803501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074357)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ30713)the Vanadium Titanium Union Foundationthe Project of Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,China。
文摘The potential of 2-amino-1-propanol(AP)as a novel depressant in selectively floating ilmenite from titanaugite under weakly acidic conditions was investigated.Micro-flotation results show that AP significantly reduces the recovery of titanaugite while having no evident impact on ilmenite flotation.Subsequent bench-scale flotation tests further confirm a remarkable improvement in separation efficiency upon the introduction of AP.Contact angle and adsorption tests reveal a stronger affinity of AP towards the titanaugite surface in comparison to ilmenite.Zeta potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses exhibit favorable adsorption characteristics of AP on titanaugite,resulting from a synergy of electrostatic attraction and chemical interaction.In contrast,electrostatic repulsion hinders any significant interaction between AP and the ilmenite surface.These findings highlight the potential of AP as a highly efficient depressant for ilmenite flotation,paving the way for reduced reliance on sulfuric acid in the industry.
文摘Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrained(CU)and drained(CD)triaxial testing elucidated the impact of strain rate(0.005–0.3 mm/min)on strength envelopes,deformation moduli,pore pressures,and dilatancy characteristics of unsaturated and quasi-saturated loess.Under drained conditions with a controlled matric suction of 50 kPa,increasing strain rates from 0.005 mm/min to 0.011 mm/min induced decreases in failure deviatoric stress(qf),initial deformation modulus(Ei),and cohesion(c),while friction angles remained unaffected.Specimens displayed initial contractive volumetric strains transitioning to dilation across varying confining pressures.Higher rates diminished contractive volumetric strains and drainage volumes,indicating reduced densification and strength in the shear zone.Under undrained conditions,both unsaturated and quasi-saturated(pore pressure coefficient B=0.75)loess exhibited deteriorating mechanical properties with increasing rates from 0.03 mm/min to 0.3 mm/min.For unsaturated loess,reduced contractive volumetric strains at higher rates manifested relatively looser structures in the pre-peak stress phase.The strength decrement in quasi-saturated loess arose from elevated excess porewater pressures diminishing effective stresses.Negative porewater pressures emerged in quasi-saturated loess at lower confining pressures and strain rates.Compared to previous studies,the qf and Ei exhibited rate sensitivity below threshold values before attaining minima with marginal subsequent influence.The underlying mechanism mirrors the transition from creep to accelerated deformation phase of landslides.
基金granted by the Xinjiang Geological Exploration Fund。
文摘The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is the region with the richest oil sand resources in China.For better understanding the enrichment rules and deployment of exploration and development of regional oil sand,it is of great scientific significance to study the accumulation conditions of oil sand in different strata and mining areas of the Junggar Basin.Through a large number of field investigations,drilling verification and sampling tests,it is found that the oil sand in the region covers an area of 2000 km^(2),with shallow and thick reservoir,and predicted resource of 180 million tons.The oil sand resources are mainly distributed in four geological strata,namely the Middle Triassic Karamay Formation,Early Jurassic Badaowan Formation,Late Jurassic Qigu Formation,and Early Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation.The reservoir is mainly composed of sandstone with high porosity and permeability,and the reservoir space is mainly intergranular pores with a medium average oil content.The oil sand deposit in the region is a typical destructive oil reservoir.The crude oil in the oil sand layer is degraded and thickened from the deep to the shallow,the content of saturated hydrocarbon decreased,and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon,non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene increased.The oil source comes from the deep Permian hydrocarbon-generating depression.Unconformities,faults and marginal fan delta-braided river depositional systems constitute effective migration and storage systems.Caprocks of the Upper Triassic Baijiantan Formation,Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation and Lower Cretaceous Hutubihe Formation were formed by three large scale lake transgressions.The Indosinian,Yanshan and Late Yanshan movements are the main driving forces for the migration of deep oil and gas to the shallow edge to form oil sand deposits.It is considered that the oil sand in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is of a slope complex migration type.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22379038)Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department (JZX2024015)+4 种基金Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Plan Project (241791357A)Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project (246Z4408G)Excellent Youth Research Innovation Team of Hebei University (QNTD202410)High-level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University (521100224223)Hebei Province Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan Project (22567620H)。
文摘Rechargeable zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(RZIBs) with hydrogel electrolytes(HEs) have gained significant attention in the last decade owing to their high safety, low cost, sufficient material abundance, and superb environmental friendliness, which is extremely important for wearable energy storage applications. Given that HEs play a critical role in building flexible RZIBs, it is urgent to summarize the recent advances in this field and elucidate the design principles of HEs for practical applications. This review systematically presents the development history, recent advances in the material fundamentals, functional designs, challenges, and prospects of the HEs-based RZIBs. Firstly, the fundamentals, species, and flexible mechanisms of HEs are discussed, along with their compatibility with Zn anodes and various cathodes. Then, the functional designs of hydrogel electrolytes in harsh conditions are comprehensively discussed, including high/low/wide-temperature windows, mechanical deformations(e.g., bending, twisting, and straining), and damages(e.g., cutting, burning, and soaking). Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for advancing HEs-based RZIBs are outlined.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42377164 and 41972280)the Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards(Grant No.BNORSG-202305).
文摘Landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)is significantly affected by the uncertainty issue of landslide related conditioning factor selection.However,most of literature only performs comparative studies on a certain conditioning factor selection method rather than systematically study this uncertainty issue.Targeted,this study aims to systematically explore the influence rules of various commonly used conditioning factor selection methods on LSP,and on this basis to innovatively propose a principle with universal application for optimal selection of conditioning factors.An'yuan County in southern China is taken as example considering 431 landslides and 29 types of conditioning factors.Five commonly used factor selection methods,namely,the correlation analysis(CA),linear regression(LR),principal component analysis(PCA),rough set(RS)and artificial neural network(ANN),are applied to select the optimal factor combinations from the original 29 conditioning factors.The factor selection results are then used as inputs of four types of common machine learning models to construct 20 types of combined models,such as CA-multilayer perceptron,CA-random forest.Additionally,multifactor-based multilayer perceptron random forest models that selecting conditioning factors based on the proposed principle of“accurate data,rich types,clear significance,feasible operation and avoiding duplication”are constructed for comparisons.Finally,the LSP uncertainties are evaluated by the accuracy,susceptibility index distribution,etc.Results show that:(1)multifactor-based models have generally higher LSP performance and lower uncertainties than those of factors selection-based models;(2)Influence degree of different machine learning on LSP accuracy is greater than that of different factor selection methods.Conclusively,the above commonly used conditioning factor selection methods are not ideal for improving LSP performance and may complicate the LSP processes.In contrast,a satisfied combination of conditioning factors can be constructed according to the proposed principle.
文摘Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the correlations between energy poverty,energy intensity,resource abundance,and income inequality,as these factors have been theorized to play important roles in influencing energy poverty in developing countries.By observing that the dataset is heterogeneous across the countries and over the time frame,we use the Method of Moments Quantile Regression(MMQR)to analyze our developing countries’data from 2000 to 2019.Our findings indicate that energy intensity is a significant factor influencing energy poverty,suggesting that higher energy consumption relative to the sample countries can exacerbate this issue.Additionally,we observe that income inequality within the sample countries is a critical determinant of energy poverty levels,highlighting the dynamics between economic disparity and access to energy resources.Interestingly,our study reveals that resource abundance acts as a blessing rather than a curse in terms of energy poverty,implying that countries rich in natural resources may have better opportunities to combat energy deprivation.Finally,we emphasize the vital role of financial markets in addressing energy poverty on a global scale,suggesting that robust financial systems can facilitate investments and innovations aimed at improving energy access for vulnerable populations.The results from the robustness analysis support the empirical results obtained from the main estimation.The empirical findings of the present study advance important comprehensions for policymakers to adopt energy policies that address the complex challenges of energy poverty and promote inclusive energy access.
基金Three Gorges Follow-up Work Fund,Grant/Award Number:WE0161A042024National Key Research Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2024YFC3210900。
文摘River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by generations of water resources professionals.Rooted in river ecology,it offers a framework for advancing modern water governance systems and capabilities.This paper examines eight dimensions of river ethics to provide actionable recommendations:enhancing knowledge systems on water,rivers,and lakes;addressing critical challenges in water governance to strengthen the foundational role of water authorities in ensuring water security,resource management,ecological sustainability and environmental protection;optimizing water project planning to mitigate ecological impacts;ensuring high standards in the lifecycle management of water projects;refining water diversion strategies for precise scheduling;utilizing ecosystem complexity for river and lake restoration;implementing tiered management of water-related disasters;and driving reforms to modernize water governance systems and mechanisms.
基金supported by the Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University(No.2020RC012)NSFC(No.11871295),supported by NSFC(No.11971476),supported by NSFC(No.12071421)。
文摘Let d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the number of factorization n=n_(1)n_(2)satisfying n_i≡r_i(mod q_i)(i=1,2)andΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))be the error term of the summatory function of d(n;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).Suppose x≥(q_(1)q_(2))^(1+ε),1≤r_i≤q_i,and(r_i,q_i)=1(i=1,2).This paper studies the power moments and sign changes ofΔ(x;r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2)).We prove that for sufficiently large constant C,Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))changes sign in the interval[T,T+C√T]for any large T.Meanwhile,we show that for small constants c and c,there exist infinitely many subintervals of length c√log^(-7)T in[T,2T]where±Δ(q_(1)q_(2)x:r_(1),q_(1),r_(2),q_(2))>cx^(1/4)always holds.
基金Philosophy and Social Science Planning Projects in Yunnan Province,No.QN202428China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2024M752918。
文摘Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.
文摘ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The methods for preparing ZnO are diverse,and among them,the hydrothermal method is favored for its simplicity,ease of operation,and low cost,making it an optimal choice for ZnO single-crystal growth.Most studies investigating the effects of different hydrothermal experimental parameters on the morphology and performance of ZnO nano-materials typically focus on only 2—3 variable parameters,with few examining the impact of all possible experimental parameter changes on ZnO nano-mate-rials.The principles of the hydrothermal method and its advantages in nano-material preparation were briefly introduced in this article.The detailed discussion on the influence of various experimental parameters on the preparation of ZnO nano-materials was provided,which including reaction materials,Zn^(2+)/OH^(-)ratio,reaction time and temperature,additives,experimental equipment,and annealing conditions.The review co-vers how different experimental parameters affect the morphology and performance of the materials,as well as how different rare earth doping elements influence the performance of ZnO nano-materials.It is hoped that this work will contribute to future research on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(Bethesda,MD)through the P30 EY010572 core grantthe Malcolm M.Marquis,MD Endowed Fund for Innovation+1 种基金an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness(New York,NY)to the Casey Eye Institute,Oregon Health&Science UniversityAdditional support was provided by Oregon Health&Science University Global Health。
文摘Background:Low awareness of common pediatric eye conditions,such as amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia in rural Chiang Rai,Thailand,prompted the development of a specialized curriculum.This curriculum aimed to provide individuals serving these areas with resources to educate and disseminate information within their communities.Methods:A one-hour curriculum covering the causes,signs,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia was delivered virtually to public health students at a Thai university and in-person to students at this university and rural community members.The in-person seminar included hands-on activities and simulations of these eye conditions.Knowledge acquisition and retention were assessed using pre-tests,immediate post-tests,and one-month post-tests.Results:The seminar was attended by 87 virtual public health students,111 in-person public health students,and 40 in-person rural community members.All groups showed significant improvement in test scores from pre-test to immediate post-test(P<0.001).In-person students had 1.57 times the odds of answering correctly on the immediate post-test compared to virtual students,despite no significant difference in baseline knowledge.However,the subset of in-person students who did not receive bilingual materials showed no significant difference in immediate post-test performance compared to virtual students(P>0.05).Although public health students had more than twice the odds of answering correctly at pre-test compared to rural community members,there were no significant differences between groups on the immediate post-test(P>0.05).Conclusion:A brief seminar significantly improved understanding and retention of pediatric eye conditions,achieving similar levels of understanding among public health students and rural community members,regardless of initial knowledge on this topic.In-person,hands-on seminars with educational materials in participants'preferred language proved more effective than virtual ones in achieving these improvements.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375378)National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment(S2308100.W12)Huxiang High-Level Talent Gathering Project of Hunan Province(2021RC5001)。
文摘The titanium alloy strut serves as a key load-bearing component of aircraft landing gear,typically manufactured via forging.The friction condition has important influence on material flow and cavity filling during the forging process.Using the previously optimized shape and initial position of preform,the influence of the friction condition(friction factor m=0.1–0.3)on material flow and cavity filling was studied by numerical method with a shear friction model.A novel filling index was defined to reflect material flow into left and right flashes and zoom in on friction-induced results.The results indicate that the workpiece moves rigidly to the right direction,with the displacement decreasing as m increases.When m<0.18,the underfilling defect will occur in the left side of strut forging,while overflow occurs in the right forging die cavity.By combining the filling index and analyses of material flow and filling status,a reasonable friction factor interval of m=0.21–0.24 can be determined.Within this interval,the cavity filling behavior demonstrates robustness,with friction fluctuations exerting minimal influence.
基金supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research VIDI(grant number:198.007).
文摘Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than standard relative survival(RS).This study aims to evaluate the 5-year CRS among adolescent and young adult(AYA)breast cancer patients by age,tumor stage,and receptor subtype to guide disclosure periods for insurance.Methods Data of all females aged 18–39 years and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2021(n=13,075)were obtained from The Netherlands Cancer Registry(NCR).The five-year CRS was calculated annually up to 10 years post-diagnosis using a hybrid analysis approach.Results For the total AYA breast cancer study population the 5-year CRS exceeded 90%from diagnosis and increased beyond 95%7 years post-diagnosis.Patients aged 18–24 reached 95%9 years post-diagnosis,those aged 25–29 after 5 years,and those aged 30–34 and 35–39 after 8 years.For stage I,the 5-year CRS reached 95%from diagnosis,for stage II after 6 years,while the 5-year CRS for stages III and IV did not reach the 95%threshold during the 10-year follow-up.Triple-negative tumors exceeded 95%after 4 years,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive tumors after 6 years,while hormone receptor(HR)positive tumors did not reach 95%.Conclusion Excess mortality among AYA breast cancer patients tends to be little(CRS 90%–95%)from diagnosis and becomes minimal(CRS>95%)over time compared to the general population.These results can enhance expectation management and inform policymakers,suggesting a shorter disclosure period.
