Interdisciplinary learning is the core feature of STEM education.Interdisciplinary course and the cultivation of comprehensive practical ability have become one of the hot spots in today’s educational reform.The prac...Interdisciplinary learning is the core feature of STEM education.Interdisciplinary course and the cultivation of comprehensive practical ability have become one of the hot spots in today’s educational reform.The practical approach of STEM education points to the comprehensive application of interdisciplinary knowledge.Based on STEM,this paper adopts the teaching mode based on STEM to design the framework of STEM interdisciplinary project-based teaching activities,which is applied in the course of“Primary School Information Technology Activities and Competition Topics”to lay a foundation for cultivating interdisciplinary excellent primary school general teachers with“integration of specialties and abilities”.展开更多
In this paper, an educational game based on the gravitation curriculum is designed by reviewing the research on the framework of game design. The game mechanism is evaluated by using the "Think Aloud Protocol&quo...In this paper, an educational game based on the gravitation curriculum is designed by reviewing the research on the framework of game design. The game mechanism is evaluated by using the "Think Aloud Protocol", aiming to explore the way of integrating disciplinary knowledge and game mechanism, providing new insights for the field of educational game design.展开更多
Due to the growing needs of strengthening steel tubular truss,a new method for enhancing tubular joints by partially filling the chord with grout is proposed.However,the strengthening design of a whole truss is a chal...Due to the growing needs of strengthening steel tubular truss,a new method for enhancing tubular joints by partially filling the chord with grout is proposed.However,the strengthening design of a whole truss is a challenging task,mainly because of multiple design objectives and various fabrication uncertainties.Current practice based on empirical or simple rule-based strategies is not able to handle the task.To address this challenge,a design framework for tubular truss strengthening is developed.The proposed framework can reduce the maximum deflection,improve the load capacities of the truss,and minimize the usage of grout.Furthermore,it considers geometric and modeling uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulation and predict intervals,thereby preventing over-idealization during practical optimization.To demonstrate the proposed design framework,a comparative structural analysis was conducted on a typical Warren truss between pre-and post-optimal strengthen.The results show that,by building upon the Machine Learning models,the proposed framework can produce an effective strengthening scheme.After considering uncertainties in optimization,some idealized samples are filtered out,resulting in a more practical strengthening scheme.The proposed framework is versatile and can be applied to other similar optimal strengthening designs with minimal additional effort.展开更多
Robotic surgery is one of the most recent technologies in healthcare building field.Due to the design complexity of Robotic surgery wards,computational implementations are being developed to either measure the effect ...Robotic surgery is one of the most recent technologies in healthcare building field.Due to the design complexity of Robotic surgery wards,computational implementations are being developed to either measure the effect of inserting advanced technologies as Electronic medical recorders and tele surgery,or evaluate design alternatives on healthcare building.This paper presents a design framework that responds to the need for coordinating design phases for Robotic Surgery Wards(RSWs)computationally.This proposed design framework for RSWs can generate functional RSW alternatives and more than one solution for each alternative.The framework has been structured based on the main architectural considerations of RSWs which are geom etric and topological,the economic considerations,specific developed pools for shape and corridor patterns,and the theory of,fShape Grammars"has been utilized to compute the framework to generate a vast number of design alternatives.Accordingly,a computational implementation has been established to assist designers in early design stages.Numerical validation for the applications of the developed framework and implementation has been conducted by using reference examples of RSWs.The main finding in this paper is providing healthcare building designers with a computational implementation that generates RSW alternative computationally based on specific shape and cost levels.展开更多
Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under h...Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under high-salinity conditions.Although recent advances in molecular engineering have concentrated on modifying polymer architecture and functional groups to address this issue,the complex interplay among polymer topology,charge distribution and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance renders rational molecular design challenging.In this work,we present an AI-driven inverse design framework that directly maps target viscosity performance back to optimal molecular structures.Guided by practical molecular design strategies,the topological features (grafting density,side-chain length) and functional group-related features(copolymerization ratio,hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) are encoded into a multidimensional design space.By integrating dissipative particle dynamics simulations with particle swarm algorithm,the framework efficiently explores the design space and identifies non-intuitive,high-performing polymer structure.The optimized polymer achieves a 12%enhancement in viscosity,attributed to the synergistic effect of electrostatic chain extension and hydrophobic aggregation.This study demonstrates the promise of AI-guided inverse design for developing next-generation EOR polymers and provides a generalizable approach for the discovery of functional soft materials.展开更多
This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and ...This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter configuration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representation. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for realistic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part,and materials. A number of codes and commercial software(ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, Pre VABS,etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sectional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation ofcomposite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory(AADL),Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.展开更多
Two new metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,[Cu2（H_2O）_2（BCPIA）]（BUT-20）and（Me_2NH_2）[In（BCPIA）]（BUT-21）were designed and synthesized through the solvothermal reaction between a newly created desymmetric 4-co...Two new metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,[Cu2（H_2O）_2（BCPIA）]（BUT-20）and（Me_2NH_2）[In（BCPIA）]（BUT-21）were designed and synthesized through the solvothermal reaction between a newly created desymmetric 4-connected ligand,5-（2,6-bis（4-carboxyphenyl）pyridin-4-yl）isophthalic acid（H_4BCPIA）and Cu（NO_3）2 2.5H_2O or In（NO_3）_3·5H_2O,respectively,and characterized by single-crystal and powder Xray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and elemental analysis.The two MOFs have three-dimensional structures,in which both the BCPIA 4 ligand and metal-containing entities,Cu_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2 and In（COO）_4 act as 4-connected nodes.However,different linkage configurations of the two metal-containing nodes,quadrilateral Cu_2_TD_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2and tetrahedral In（COO）_4,lead to distinct structural networks of BUT-20 and 21,with Nbo and Unc topologies,respectively.展开更多
Software systems can be among the most complex constructions in engineering disciplines and can span into years of development. Most software systems though implement in part what has already been built and tend to fo...Software systems can be among the most complex constructions in engineering disciplines and can span into years of development. Most software systems though implement in part what has already been built and tend to follow known or nearly known architectures. Although most software systems are not of the size of say Microsoft Windows 8, complexity of software development can be quick to increase. Thus among these methods that are the most important is the use of architectural and design patterns and software frameworks. Patterns provide known solutions to re-occurring problems that developers are facing. By using well-known patterns reusable components can be built in frameworks.Software frameworks provide developers with powerful tools to develop more flexible and less error-prone applications in a more effective way. Software frameworks often help expedite the development process by providing necessary functionality “out of the box”.?Providing frameworks for reusability and separation of concerns is key to software development today. In this study I take a look at the state of art and the impact of frameworks and patterns in software development.展开更多
Task-basedteachingandlearningis becoming more and more popularin China now,andthe aimof taskis to create a real purpose for language use and provide a natural context for language study· This article introduces w...Task-basedteachingandlearningis becoming more and more popularin China now,andthe aimof taskis to create a real purpose for language use and provide a natural context for language study· This article introduces what a task-based teaching frameworkis and the three phases of pre-task, while-task and post-task,combined withsomethoughts about howwe shouldconvertthosetasksinto actual classroomactivities while using the task-based teaching framework in designing the lessons and howthe teacher and students participate inthe lessons·展开更多
New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultura...New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.展开更多
A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimiz...A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimization,and robust designs.A hybrid model based on multi-agent and system dynamic models was used to analyze the evolution of an SoS and find robust designs.The framework can help decision makers generate a robust SoS structure based on the SoS' s capabilities over multiple epochs.展开更多
Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion(DEP)aircraft,a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been deve...Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion(DEP)aircraft,a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically.Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy.By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk,the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream,based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure.As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss(MIL)propeller at a specified thrust level,significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved,which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.展开更多
Prestressed wire winded framework （PWWF） is an advanced structure and the most expensive part in the large-scale equip- ment. The traditional design of PWWF is complicated, highly iterative and cost uncontrolable, b...Prestressed wire winded framework （PWWF） is an advanced structure and the most expensive part in the large-scale equip- ment. The traditional design of PWWF is complicated, highly iterative and cost uncontrolable, because PWWF is a variable stiffness multi-agent structure, with non-linear loading and deformation coordination. In this paper, cost optimization method of large-scale PWWF by multiple-island genetic algorithm （MIGA） is presented. Optimization design flow and optimization model are proposed based on variable-tension wire winding theory. An example of the PWWF cost optimization of isostatic equipment with axial load 6 000 kN is given. The optimization cost is reduced by 21.6% compared with traditional design. It has also been verified by the finite-element analysis and successfully applied to an actual PWWF design of isostatic press. The results show that this method is efficient and reliable. This method can also provide a guide for optimal design for ultra-large dimension muti-frame structure of 546 MN and 907 MN isostatic press equipment.展开更多
基金Exploration and Practice of Interdisciplinary Teaching Mode in the Course of Information Technology Activities and Competition in Primary Schools,BUU,JJ2021Z001。
文摘Interdisciplinary learning is the core feature of STEM education.Interdisciplinary course and the cultivation of comprehensive practical ability have become one of the hot spots in today’s educational reform.The practical approach of STEM education points to the comprehensive application of interdisciplinary knowledge.Based on STEM,this paper adopts the teaching mode based on STEM to design the framework of STEM interdisciplinary project-based teaching activities,which is applied in the course of“Primary School Information Technology Activities and Competition Topics”to lay a foundation for cultivating interdisciplinary excellent primary school general teachers with“integration of specialties and abilities”.
文摘In this paper, an educational game based on the gravitation curriculum is designed by reviewing the research on the framework of game design. The game mechanism is evaluated by using the "Think Aloud Protocol", aiming to explore the way of integrating disciplinary knowledge and game mechanism, providing new insights for the field of educational game design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50478108).
文摘Due to the growing needs of strengthening steel tubular truss,a new method for enhancing tubular joints by partially filling the chord with grout is proposed.However,the strengthening design of a whole truss is a challenging task,mainly because of multiple design objectives and various fabrication uncertainties.Current practice based on empirical or simple rule-based strategies is not able to handle the task.To address this challenge,a design framework for tubular truss strengthening is developed.The proposed framework can reduce the maximum deflection,improve the load capacities of the truss,and minimize the usage of grout.Furthermore,it considers geometric and modeling uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulation and predict intervals,thereby preventing over-idealization during practical optimization.To demonstrate the proposed design framework,a comparative structural analysis was conducted on a typical Warren truss between pre-and post-optimal strengthen.The results show that,by building upon the Machine Learning models,the proposed framework can produce an effective strengthening scheme.After considering uncertainties in optimization,some idealized samples are filtered out,resulting in a more practical strengthening scheme.The proposed framework is versatile and can be applied to other similar optimal strengthening designs with minimal additional effort.
文摘Robotic surgery is one of the most recent technologies in healthcare building field.Due to the design complexity of Robotic surgery wards,computational implementations are being developed to either measure the effect of inserting advanced technologies as Electronic medical recorders and tele surgery,or evaluate design alternatives on healthcare building.This paper presents a design framework that responds to the need for coordinating design phases for Robotic Surgery Wards(RSWs)computationally.This proposed design framework for RSWs can generate functional RSW alternatives and more than one solution for each alternative.The framework has been structured based on the main architectural considerations of RSWs which are geom etric and topological,the economic considerations,specific developed pools for shape and corridor patterns,and the theory of,fShape Grammars"has been utilized to compute the framework to generate a vast number of design alternatives.Accordingly,a computational implementation has been established to assist designers in early design stages.Numerical validation for the applications of the developed framework and implementation has been conducted by using reference examples of RSWs.The main finding in this paper is providing healthcare building designers with a computational implementation that generates RSW alternative computationally based on specific shape and cost levels.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(No.KJGG2021-0504).
文摘Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under high-salinity conditions.Although recent advances in molecular engineering have concentrated on modifying polymer architecture and functional groups to address this issue,the complex interplay among polymer topology,charge distribution and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance renders rational molecular design challenging.In this work,we present an AI-driven inverse design framework that directly maps target viscosity performance back to optimal molecular structures.Guided by practical molecular design strategies,the topological features (grafting density,side-chain length) and functional group-related features(copolymerization ratio,hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) are encoded into a multidimensional design space.By integrating dissipative particle dynamics simulations with particle swarm algorithm,the framework efficiently explores the design space and identifies non-intuitive,high-performing polymer structure.The optimized polymer achieves a 12%enhancement in viscosity,attributed to the synergistic effect of electrostatic chain extension and hydrophobic aggregation.This study demonstrates the promise of AI-guided inverse design for developing next-generation EOR polymers and provides a generalizable approach for the discovery of functional soft materials.
基金supported by the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) of Vietnam (No. 107.04-2012.25)
文摘This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter configuration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representation. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for realistic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part,and materials. A number of codes and commercial software(ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, Pre VABS,etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sectional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation ofcomposite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory(AADL),Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.
基金financially supported by the NSFC (Nos. 21322601, 21271015, 21406006, and U1407119)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-13-0647)
文摘Two new metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,[Cu2（H_2O）_2（BCPIA）]（BUT-20）and（Me_2NH_2）[In（BCPIA）]（BUT-21）were designed and synthesized through the solvothermal reaction between a newly created desymmetric 4-connected ligand,5-（2,6-bis（4-carboxyphenyl）pyridin-4-yl）isophthalic acid（H_4BCPIA）and Cu（NO_3）2 2.5H_2O or In（NO_3）_3·5H_2O,respectively,and characterized by single-crystal and powder Xray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and elemental analysis.The two MOFs have three-dimensional structures,in which both the BCPIA 4 ligand and metal-containing entities,Cu_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2 and In（COO）_4 act as 4-connected nodes.However,different linkage configurations of the two metal-containing nodes,quadrilateral Cu_2_TD_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2and tetrahedral In（COO）_4,lead to distinct structural networks of BUT-20 and 21,with Nbo and Unc topologies,respectively.
文摘Software systems can be among the most complex constructions in engineering disciplines and can span into years of development. Most software systems though implement in part what has already been built and tend to follow known or nearly known architectures. Although most software systems are not of the size of say Microsoft Windows 8, complexity of software development can be quick to increase. Thus among these methods that are the most important is the use of architectural and design patterns and software frameworks. Patterns provide known solutions to re-occurring problems that developers are facing. By using well-known patterns reusable components can be built in frameworks.Software frameworks provide developers with powerful tools to develop more flexible and less error-prone applications in a more effective way. Software frameworks often help expedite the development process by providing necessary functionality “out of the box”.?Providing frameworks for reusability and separation of concerns is key to software development today. In this study I take a look at the state of art and the impact of frameworks and patterns in software development.
文摘Task-basedteachingandlearningis becoming more and more popularin China now,andthe aimof taskis to create a real purpose for language use and provide a natural context for language study· This article introduces what a task-based teaching frameworkis and the three phases of pre-task, while-task and post-task,combined withsomethoughts about howwe shouldconvertthosetasksinto actual classroomactivities while using the task-based teaching framework in designing the lessons and howthe teacher and students participate inthe lessons·
基金Supported by Key Project of National Social Science Foundation(10AGL007&12ASH004)Key Project of Ministry of Education(DFA100209)+2 种基金Ph.D.Foundation Project of Southwest University(SWU1209338)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2013(SWU1309315)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2009(SWU0909629)
文摘New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.71331008,71501182)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.15GJ003-278)
文摘A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimization,and robust designs.A hybrid model based on multi-agent and system dynamic models was used to analyze the evolution of an SoS and find robust designs.The framework can help decision makers generate a robust SoS structure based on the SoS' s capabilities over multiple epochs.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2018ZDCXL-GY-03-04)。
文摘Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion(DEP)aircraft,a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically.Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy.By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk,the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream,based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure.As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss(MIL)propeller at a specified thrust level,significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved,which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.
文摘Prestressed wire winded framework （PWWF） is an advanced structure and the most expensive part in the large-scale equip- ment. The traditional design of PWWF is complicated, highly iterative and cost uncontrolable, because PWWF is a variable stiffness multi-agent structure, with non-linear loading and deformation coordination. In this paper, cost optimization method of large-scale PWWF by multiple-island genetic algorithm （MIGA） is presented. Optimization design flow and optimization model are proposed based on variable-tension wire winding theory. An example of the PWWF cost optimization of isostatic equipment with axial load 6 000 kN is given. The optimization cost is reduced by 21.6% compared with traditional design. It has also been verified by the finite-element analysis and successfully applied to an actual PWWF design of isostatic press. The results show that this method is efficient and reliable. This method can also provide a guide for optimal design for ultra-large dimension muti-frame structure of 546 MN and 907 MN isostatic press equipment.
