BACKGROUND Currently,only tumors classified as LR-5 are considered definitive hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and no further pathologic confirmation is required to initiate therapy.Previous studies have shown that the s...BACKGROUND Currently,only tumors classified as LR-5 are considered definitive hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and no further pathologic confirmation is required to initiate therapy.Previous studies have shown that the sensitivity of LR-5 is modest,and lesions enhanced by gadoxetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)may exhibit lower sensitivity than those enhanced by Gd-DTPA.AIM To identify malignant ancillary features(AFs)that can independently and significantly predict HCC in Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018,and to develop modified LR-5 criteria to improve diagnostic performance on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.METHODS Imaging data from patients with HCC risk factors who underwent abdominal Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were collected.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine AFs that could independently and significantly predict HCC.The modified LR-5 criteria involved reclassifying LR-4/LR-3 lesions based on major features combined with independently significant AFs for HCC,or by substituting threshold growth with significant AFs.McNemar's test was used to compare the diagnostic performance of the modified LR-5 criteria.RESULTS A total of 244 lesions from 216 patients were included.Transitional phase hypointensity,mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity,and fat in mass(more than adjacent liver)were identified as significant independent predictors of HCC.Using the modified LR-5 criteria(e.g.,LR-5-M1:LR-4+transitional phase hypointensity;LR-5-M4:LR-5 by transitional phase hypointensity instead of threshold growth;LR-5-M5:LR-5 by mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity instead of threshold growth;LR-5-M8:LR-3/LR-4+any two features of transitional phase hypointensity/mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity/fat in mass),sensitivities were significantly increased(88.5%-89.1%)compared to the standard LR-5(60.6%;all P values<0.05),while specificities(84.8%-89.9%)remained largely unchanged(93.7%;all P values>0.05).The LR-5-M8 criterion achieved the highest sensitivity.CONCLUSION Mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity,transitional phase hypointensity,and fat in mass are independent and significant predictors of HCC malignant AFs.The modified LR-5 criteria can improve sensitivity without significantly reducing specificity.展开更多
According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Ana...According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.展开更多
In order to reduce both the weight of vehicles and the damage of occupants in a crash event simultaneously, it is necessary to perform a multi-objective optimal design of the automotive energy absorbing components. Mo...In order to reduce both the weight of vehicles and the damage of occupants in a crash event simultaneously, it is necessary to perform a multi-objective optimal design of the automotive energy absorbing components. Modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA II) was used for multi-objective optimization of automotive S-rail considering absorbed energy(E), peak crushing force(Fmax) and mass of the structure(W) as three conflicting objective functions. In the multi-objective optimization problem(MOP), E and Fmax are defined by polynomial models extracted using the software GEvo M based on train and test data obtained from numerical simulation of quasi-static crushing of the S-rail using ABAQUS. Finally, the nearest to ideal point(NIP)method and technique for ordering preferences by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) method are used to find the some trade-off optimum design points from all non-dominated optimum design points represented by the Pareto fronts. Results represent that the optimum design point obtained from TOPSIS method exhibits better trade-off in comparison with that of optimum design point obtained from NIP method.展开更多
基金This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Jieshou City People's Hospital,approval No.[2022]21.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,only tumors classified as LR-5 are considered definitive hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and no further pathologic confirmation is required to initiate therapy.Previous studies have shown that the sensitivity of LR-5 is modest,and lesions enhanced by gadoxetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)may exhibit lower sensitivity than those enhanced by Gd-DTPA.AIM To identify malignant ancillary features(AFs)that can independently and significantly predict HCC in Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018,and to develop modified LR-5 criteria to improve diagnostic performance on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.METHODS Imaging data from patients with HCC risk factors who underwent abdominal Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were collected.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine AFs that could independently and significantly predict HCC.The modified LR-5 criteria involved reclassifying LR-4/LR-3 lesions based on major features combined with independently significant AFs for HCC,or by substituting threshold growth with significant AFs.McNemar's test was used to compare the diagnostic performance of the modified LR-5 criteria.RESULTS A total of 244 lesions from 216 patients were included.Transitional phase hypointensity,mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity,and fat in mass(more than adjacent liver)were identified as significant independent predictors of HCC.Using the modified LR-5 criteria(e.g.,LR-5-M1:LR-4+transitional phase hypointensity;LR-5-M4:LR-5 by transitional phase hypointensity instead of threshold growth;LR-5-M5:LR-5 by mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity instead of threshold growth;LR-5-M8:LR-3/LR-4+any two features of transitional phase hypointensity/mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity/fat in mass),sensitivities were significantly increased(88.5%-89.1%)compared to the standard LR-5(60.6%;all P values<0.05),while specificities(84.8%-89.9%)remained largely unchanged(93.7%;all P values>0.05).The LR-5-M8 criterion achieved the highest sensitivity.CONCLUSION Mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity,transitional phase hypointensity,and fat in mass are independent and significant predictors of HCC malignant AFs.The modified LR-5 criteria can improve sensitivity without significantly reducing specificity.
基金Key Projects of Philosophy of the Social Science funded by the Ministry of Education,No.11JD039National Key Public Bidding Project for Soft Science Research Plan,No.2012GXS1D002National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41001083
文摘According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.
文摘In order to reduce both the weight of vehicles and the damage of occupants in a crash event simultaneously, it is necessary to perform a multi-objective optimal design of the automotive energy absorbing components. Modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA II) was used for multi-objective optimization of automotive S-rail considering absorbed energy(E), peak crushing force(Fmax) and mass of the structure(W) as three conflicting objective functions. In the multi-objective optimization problem(MOP), E and Fmax are defined by polynomial models extracted using the software GEvo M based on train and test data obtained from numerical simulation of quasi-static crushing of the S-rail using ABAQUS. Finally, the nearest to ideal point(NIP)method and technique for ordering preferences by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) method are used to find the some trade-off optimum design points from all non-dominated optimum design points represented by the Pareto fronts. Results represent that the optimum design point obtained from TOPSIS method exhibits better trade-off in comparison with that of optimum design point obtained from NIP method.
