Based on the equation satisfied by optical pulse that is a slowly varying function, the higher-order nonlinear Schr o¨dinger equation(NLSE) including Raman gain and self-steepening effect is deduced in detail, an...Based on the equation satisfied by optical pulse that is a slowly varying function, the higher-order nonlinear Schr o¨dinger equation(NLSE) including Raman gain and self-steepening effect is deduced in detail, and a new Raman gain function is defined. By using the split-step Fourier method, the influence of the combined effect between Raman gain and self-steepening on the propagation characteristic of dark solitons is simulated in the isotropic fiber. The results show that gray solitons can be symmetrically formed by high order dark soliton, however self-steepening effect will inhibit the formation mechanism through the phenomenon that gray solitons are produced only in the trailing edge of the central black soliton. Meanwhile, the Raman gain changes the propagation characteristic of optical soliton and inhibits the self-steepening effect, resulting in the broadening of pulse width and the decreasing of pulse offset.展开更多
In this paper, we interpret the dark energy phenomenon as an averaged effect caused by small scale inhomogeneities of the universe with the use of the spatial averaged approach of Buchert. Two models are considered he...In this paper, we interpret the dark energy phenomenon as an averaged effect caused by small scale inhomogeneities of the universe with the use of the spatial averaged approach of Buchert. Two models are considered here,one of which assumes that the backreaction term QD and the averaged spatial Ricci scalar (R)D obey the scaling laws of the volume scale factor a D at adequately late times, and the other one adopts the ansatz that the backreaction term QD is a constant in the recent universe. Thanks to the effective geometry introduced by Larena et al. in their previous work,we confront these two backreaction models with latest type Ia supernova and Hubble parameter observations, coming out with the results that the constant backreaction model is slightly favoured over the other model and the best fitting backreaction term in the scaling backreaction model behaves almost like a constant. Also, the numerical results show that the constant backreaction model predicts a smaller expansion rate and decelerated expansion rate than the other model does at redshifts higher than about 1, and both backreaction terms begin to accelerate the universe at a redshift around 0.5.展开更多
Holographic thermalization for a black hole surrounded by phantom dark energy is probed. The result shows that the smaller the phantom dark energy parameter is, the easier the is plasma to thermalize as the chemical p...Holographic thermalization for a black hole surrounded by phantom dark energy is probed. The result shows that the smaller the phantom dark energy parameter is, the easier the is plasma to thermalize as the chemical potential is fixed, the larger the chemical potential is, and the harder the plasma is to thermalize as the dark energy parameter is fixed. The thermalization velocity and thermalization acceleration are presented by fitting the thermalization curves.展开更多
A basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation complime...A basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depends crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one sided quantum wave pushing from the inside on the one sided M?bius-like boundary with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. In view of the present theory, this one sided M?bius-like boundary of the holographic boundary of the universe is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like volume measure concentration. Needless to say the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the intrinsic Casimir topological energy where produced from the zero set of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave from it and find by restructuring space via plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments but with some modification.展开更多
The paper considers cosmological objects belonging to fundamentally different classes that do not intersect with each other. Firstly, these are objects that make up a pure Hubble stream. Secondly, these are objects th...The paper considers cosmological objects belonging to fundamentally different classes that do not intersect with each other. Firstly, these are objects that make up a pure Hubble stream. Secondly, these are objects that have constant proper distances. These include planets, stars, and galaxies in gravitationally coupled systems. They all do not participate in the Hubble stream as independent objects. It is shown that the commoving reference system and proper reference system standardly used in cosmology change places with each other when switching from considering Hubble objects to “planets”. The features of the evolution (more precisely, devolution, degradation, reverse development) of the latter were analyzed and it was found that the cosmological acceleration of all “planets”, in contrast to Hubble objects, coincides in order of magnitude with the fundamental value of <em>H</em><sup><em>2</em></sup><em>R</em>. As applied to the Pioneers anomaly, this approach allowed us to obtain the calculated value of cosmological acceleration, which coincides in order of magnitude with the observed value. It seems that this approach is applicable also to other local gravitationally coupled systems and allows us to explain the characteristic flattened shape of the orbital curves of stars and galaxies by the fact that the influence of the fundamental cosmological acceleration <em>H</em><sup><em>2</em></sup><em>R</em> is added to the system’s own gravitational field.展开更多
The present paper is basically a synthesis resulting from incorporating Kerr spinning black hole geometry into E-infinity topology, then letting the result bares on the vacuum zero point Casimir effect as well as the ...The present paper is basically a synthesis resulting from incorporating Kerr spinning black hole geometry into E-infinity topology, then letting the result bares on the vacuum zero point Casimir effect as well as the cosmic dark energy and dark matter density. In E-infinity theory a quantum particle is represented by a Hausdorff dimension Φ where Φ =2/(√5+1) . The quantum wave on the other hand is represented by Φ2 . To be wave and a particle simultaneously intersection theory leads us to?(Φ) (Φ)2= Φ3 which will be shown here to be twice the value of the famous Casimir force of the vacuum for a massless scalar field. Thus in the present work a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. From the view point of the present work Casimir pressure is a local effect acting on the Casimir plates constituting the local boundary condition while dark energy is nothing but the global combined effect of infinitely many quantum waves acting on the Möbius-like boundary of the holographic boundary of the entire universe. Since this higher dimensional Möbius-like boundary is one sided, there is no outside to balance the internal collective Casimir pressure which then manifests itself as the force behind cosmic expansion, that is to say, dark energy. Thus analogous to the exact irrational value of ordinary energy density of spacetime E(O)=(Φ5/2) mc2 we now have P (Casimir) = (Φ3/2)(ch/d2) where c is the speed of light, m is the mass, h is the Planck constant and d is the plate separation. In addition the new emerging geometry combined with the topology of E-infinity theory leads directly to identifying dark matter with the quasi matter of the ergosphere. As a direct consequence of this new insight E=mc2 which can be written as E = E (O) + E (D)?where the exact rational approximation is E (O)=mc2/22 is?the ordinary energy density of the cosmos and the exact rational approximation E (D)=mc2/(21/22) is the corresponding dark energy which could be subdivided once more albeit truly approximately into E(D)=mc2/(5/22)?+mc2/(16/22)??where 5 is the Kaluza Klein spacetime dimension, 16 are the bosonic extra dimensions of Heterotic superstrings and 5/22 □?22% is approximately the density of the dark matter-like energy of the ergosphere of the Kerr geometry. As for the actual design of our nano reactor, this is closely related to branching clusters of polymer, frequently called lattice animals. In other words we will have Casimir spheres instead of Casimir plates and these spheres will be basically nano particles modelling lattice animals. Here D=?4 will be regarded as spacetime dimensionality while D=6 of percolations are the compactified super string dimensions and D=8 is the dimension of a corresponding super space.展开更多
In this paper we investigate the influence of the dark energy on the time-like geodesic motion of a particle in Schwarzschild spacetime by analysing the behaviour of the effective potential which appears in an equatio...In this paper we investigate the influence of the dark energy on the time-like geodesic motion of a particle in Schwarzschild spacetime by analysing the behaviour of the effective potential which appears in an equation of motion. For the non-radial time-like geodesics, we find a bound orbit when the particle energy is in an appropriate range, and also find another possible orbit, which is that the particle drops straightly into the singularity of a black hole or escapes to infinity. For the radial time-like geodesics, we find an unstable circular orbit when the particle energy is the critical value, in which case it is possible for the particle to escape to infinity.展开更多
The propagation characteristic of two identical and parallel dark solitons in a silicon-on-insulator(SOI)waveguide is simulated numerically using the split-step Fourier method.The parallel dark solitons imposed by the...The propagation characteristic of two identical and parallel dark solitons in a silicon-on-insulator(SOI)waveguide is simulated numerically using the split-step Fourier method.The parallel dark solitons imposed by the initial chirp are investigated mainly by changing their power,their relative time delay.The simulation shows that the time delay deforms the parallel dark soliton pulse,forming a bright-like soliton in the transmission process and making the transmission quality down.By increasing the power of one dark soliton,the energy of the other dark soliton can be increased,and larger increase in a soliton’s power leads to larger increase in the energy of the other.When the initial chirp is introduced into one of the dark solitons,higher energy consumption is observed.In particular,positive chirps resulting in pulse broadening width while negative chirps narrowing,with an obvious compression effect on the other dark soliton.Finally,large negative chirps are found to have a profound impact on parallel and nonparallel dark solitons.展开更多
We study the formation of dark states and the Aharonov-Bohm effect in symmetrically/asymmetrically coupled three- and four-quantum-dot systems. It is found that without a transverse magnetic field, destructive interfe...We study the formation of dark states and the Aharonov-Bohm effect in symmetrically/asymmetrically coupled three- and four-quantum-dot systems. It is found that without a transverse magnetic field, destructive interference can trap an electron in a dark state. However, the introduction of a transverse magnetic field can disrupt the dark state, giving rise to oscillation in current. For symmetrically structured quantum-dot systems, the oscillation has a period of one flux quanta. But for asymmetrically structured dot systems, the period of oscillation is halved. In addition, the dephasing due to charge noise also blocks the formation of dark states, while it does not change the period of oscillation.展开更多
An Anisotropic Dark Flow Acceleration can solve the cause of the Allais Effect [1]. This claim is based on a kinematic analysis of 21 Allais Effect measurements. All measurements (without exception) substantiate that ...An Anisotropic Dark Flow Acceleration can solve the cause of the Allais Effect [1]. This claim is based on a kinematic analysis of 21 Allais Effect measurements. All measurements (without exception) substantiate that the Allais Effect is consistent with anisotropic acceleration and that the acceleration is directed in the same direction as Dark Flow. So far, Allais Effect measurements have taken place blindfolded. Now, it is possible to calculate and predict when and where the Allais Effect can be confirmed, and of course also predict where and why no effect can be confirmed. In addition, it is now also possible to calculate how strong anomalies can be expected, and even whether the effect can be measured before or after the eclipse reaches the maximum. Still different pendulums are the most effective instrument to use. The reason why such strange devices are the best option is also no longer a mystery. This new theory also uncovers why advanced instruments can’t be used successfully, which also explains why such significant acceleration could have been hidden for such a long time. The exact magnitude of the anisotropic acceleration is calculated to be around 35 μGal (3.5e−7 m/s2), and not much deviation must be expected in the years to come.展开更多
The gravitational-lens effect is interpreted in the framework of the Newtonian mechanics. Regarding the photon of energy hv as a corpuscle with a tiny mass of mγ=hv/c2. We calculate it's path bended by the gravit...The gravitational-lens effect is interpreted in the framework of the Newtonian mechanics. Regarding the photon of energy hv as a corpuscle with a tiny mass of mγ=hv/c2. We calculate it's path bended by the gravitational force near the surface of the sun. Effects of dark matter have also been evaluated.展开更多
This tutorial review is dedicated to the work of the outstanding Egyptian theoretical physicist and engineering scientist Prof. Mohamed El Naschie. Every physics student knows the well-known Einstein’s mass-energy eq...This tutorial review is dedicated to the work of the outstanding Egyptian theoretical physicist and engineering scientist Prof. Mohamed El Naschie. Every physics student knows the well-known Einstein’s mass-energy equation, E=mc2, but unfortunately for physics, few know El Naschie’s modification, E(O)=mc2/22, and El Naschie’s dark energy equation E(D)=mc2(21/22) although this new insight has truly far reaching implications. This paper gives a short tutorial review of El Naschie’s fractal-Cantorian space-time as well as dark energy. Emphasis is put on the fundamental concept of Cantor set, fractal dimensions, zero set, empty set, and Casimir effect.展开更多
Einstein’s equivalence principle allows one to compare the magnitudes of a gravitational acceleration field with the magnitudes of a field of Unruh acceleration temperatures. The validity of such a comparison is demo...Einstein’s equivalence principle allows one to compare the magnitudes of a gravitational acceleration field with the magnitudes of a field of Unruh acceleration temperatures. The validity of such a comparison is demonstrated by using it to derive the effective Hawking black body radiation at a Schwarzschild black hole horizon. One can then extend the black hole thought experiment to a Hawking-Unruh temperature equation expressed in terms of the Schwarzschild radius. This follows an inverse radius law rather than an inverse radius-squared law. Following a brief discussion of current theoretical failures to explain galactic rotation curves, the Unruh acceleration temperature equations are brought together to show how a rotating supermassive black hole galactic system should follow an inverse radius rule of centripetal gravitational force and centripetal acceleration. This result appears to indicate that galactic observations currently attributed to dark matter may in part be attributed to classical Newtonian dynamics superimposed on a relativistic rotating system powered by a supermassive black hole.展开更多
A phase one design of a new free energy nano reactor is presented. The design is based on a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological str...A phase one design of a new free energy nano reactor is presented. The design is based on a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. In particular we view dark energy, Hawking negative energy, Unruh temperature and zero point vacuum energy as being different sides of the same multi-dimensional coin. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so-called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depend crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one internal quantum wave representing a Hartle-Hawking state vector of the universe pushing from the inside against the boundary of the universe with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. This strange situation becomes completely natural and logical when we remember that the boundary of the universe is a one sided Möbius like manifold. In view of the present theory, this is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. As in any reactor, the basic principle in the present design is to produce a gradient so that the excess energy on one side flows to the other side. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like 96 percent volume measure concentration. Without going into the intricate nonlinear dynamics and technological detail, it is fair to say that this would lead us to pure, clean, free energy obtained directly from the topology of spacetime via an artificial singularity. Needless to say, the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author for the first time in 2011 in a conference held in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt and a little later in Shanghai, Republic of China. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the Φ3 intrinsic Casimir topological energy where Φ=?(√5-1)/2 is produced from the zero set Φ of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave Φ2 from it and find Φ-Φ2=Φ3 by restructuring space via conducting but uncharged plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments. Our proposed preliminary design of this Casimir-spacetime artificial singularity reactor follows in a natural way from the above.展开更多
When we place a superconductor above a magnet, we observe a levitation of the superconductor above the magnet. But when placing a perfect diamagnetic material above a magnet, no levitation is observed. This difference...When we place a superconductor above a magnet, we observe a levitation of the superconductor above the magnet. But when placing a perfect diamagnetic material above a magnet, no levitation is observed. This difference in behavior between the superconductor and the perfect diamagnetic in the presence of an external magnetic field is explained by the classical description of the Meissner effect implemented in this article. We have shown here that the Meissner effect is nothing more than an electromagnetic interaction between the magnetic field created by the superconductor and the magnetic field of the magnet. This classical description of the Meissner effect also allowed us to give a more realistic explanation of the expansion of the universe. We have shown that this expansion is a phenomenon that simply results from a Meissner effect between superconducting dark matter and the magnetic fields of stars. We also pointed out that this expansion is accelerated because the gravitational force between dark matter and the stars around it decreases as these stars move away from the superconducting dark matter. We also used this classical description of the Meissner effect to propose a new method of remote sensing in space in which the superconducting satellite is in perpetual levitation on the night side of the earth and a new and more efficient way to discover new particles through a superconducting detector levitating in the upper atmosphere.展开更多
The present work investigates the practical consequences of the recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized atomic clocks in orbit, on the current view about the nature of the ...The present work investigates the practical consequences of the recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized atomic clocks in orbit, on the current view about the nature of the gravitational fields. While clocks, stationary within gravitational fields, show exactly the gravitational slowing predicted by General Relativity (GR), the GPS clocks, in orbit round earth and moving with earth round the sun, do not show the gravitational slowing of the solar field, predicted by GR. This absence can only mean that the orbital motion of earth cancels this gravitational slowing, which obviously cancels too the spacetime curvature. On the other hand, the Higgs theory introduces the Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) giving mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. The HQS thus necessarily governs the inertial motion of matter-energy and is locally their ultimate reference for rest and for motions. Motion with respect to the local HQS and not relative motion is what causes clock slowing, light anisotropy and all the, so-called relativistic effects. Non-uniform motion of the HQS itself necessarily creates inertial dynamics, which, after Einstein’s equivalence of gravitational and inertial effects, is gravitational dynamics. The absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, together with the null results of the light anisotropy experiments on earth, demonstrates that earth is stationary with respect to the local HQS. This can make sense only if the HQS is moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions. This Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and is shown to naturally and accurately create the gravitational dynamics, observed on earth, in the solar system, in the galaxy and throughout the universe, as well as all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on light and on clocks.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61167004)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2014MS0104)
文摘Based on the equation satisfied by optical pulse that is a slowly varying function, the higher-order nonlinear Schr o¨dinger equation(NLSE) including Raman gain and self-steepening effect is deduced in detail, and a new Raman gain function is defined. By using the split-step Fourier method, the influence of the combined effect between Raman gain and self-steepening on the propagation characteristic of dark solitons is simulated in the isotropic fiber. The results show that gray solitons can be symmetrically formed by high order dark soliton, however self-steepening effect will inhibit the formation mechanism through the phenomenon that gray solitons are produced only in the trailing edge of the central black soliton. Meanwhile, the Raman gain changes the propagation characteristic of optical soliton and inhibits the self-steepening effect, resulting in the broadening of pulse width and the decreasing of pulse offset.
文摘In this paper, we interpret the dark energy phenomenon as an averaged effect caused by small scale inhomogeneities of the universe with the use of the spatial averaged approach of Buchert. Two models are considered here,one of which assumes that the backreaction term QD and the averaged spatial Ricci scalar (R)D obey the scaling laws of the volume scale factor a D at adequately late times, and the other one adopts the ansatz that the backreaction term QD is a constant in the recent universe. Thanks to the effective geometry introduced by Larena et al. in their previous work,we confront these two backreaction models with latest type Ia supernova and Hubble parameter observations, coming out with the results that the constant backreaction model is slightly favoured over the other model and the best fitting backreaction term in the scaling backreaction model behaves almost like a constant. Also, the numerical results show that the constant backreaction model predicts a smaller expansion rate and decelerated expansion rate than the other model does at redshifts higher than about 1, and both backreaction terms begin to accelerate the universe at a redshift around 0.5.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11405016 and 11365008the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2016M590138
文摘Holographic thermalization for a black hole surrounded by phantom dark energy is probed. The result shows that the smaller the phantom dark energy parameter is, the easier the is plasma to thermalize as the chemical potential is fixed, the larger the chemical potential is, and the harder the plasma is to thermalize as the dark energy parameter is fixed. The thermalization velocity and thermalization acceleration are presented by fitting the thermalization curves.
文摘A basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depends crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one sided quantum wave pushing from the inside on the one sided M?bius-like boundary with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. In view of the present theory, this one sided M?bius-like boundary of the holographic boundary of the universe is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like volume measure concentration. Needless to say the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the intrinsic Casimir topological energy where produced from the zero set of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave from it and find by restructuring space via plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments but with some modification.
文摘The paper considers cosmological objects belonging to fundamentally different classes that do not intersect with each other. Firstly, these are objects that make up a pure Hubble stream. Secondly, these are objects that have constant proper distances. These include planets, stars, and galaxies in gravitationally coupled systems. They all do not participate in the Hubble stream as independent objects. It is shown that the commoving reference system and proper reference system standardly used in cosmology change places with each other when switching from considering Hubble objects to “planets”. The features of the evolution (more precisely, devolution, degradation, reverse development) of the latter were analyzed and it was found that the cosmological acceleration of all “planets”, in contrast to Hubble objects, coincides in order of magnitude with the fundamental value of <em>H</em><sup><em>2</em></sup><em>R</em>. As applied to the Pioneers anomaly, this approach allowed us to obtain the calculated value of cosmological acceleration, which coincides in order of magnitude with the observed value. It seems that this approach is applicable also to other local gravitationally coupled systems and allows us to explain the characteristic flattened shape of the orbital curves of stars and galaxies by the fact that the influence of the fundamental cosmological acceleration <em>H</em><sup><em>2</em></sup><em>R</em> is added to the system’s own gravitational field.
文摘The present paper is basically a synthesis resulting from incorporating Kerr spinning black hole geometry into E-infinity topology, then letting the result bares on the vacuum zero point Casimir effect as well as the cosmic dark energy and dark matter density. In E-infinity theory a quantum particle is represented by a Hausdorff dimension Φ where Φ =2/(√5+1) . The quantum wave on the other hand is represented by Φ2 . To be wave and a particle simultaneously intersection theory leads us to?(Φ) (Φ)2= Φ3 which will be shown here to be twice the value of the famous Casimir force of the vacuum for a massless scalar field. Thus in the present work a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. From the view point of the present work Casimir pressure is a local effect acting on the Casimir plates constituting the local boundary condition while dark energy is nothing but the global combined effect of infinitely many quantum waves acting on the Möbius-like boundary of the holographic boundary of the entire universe. Since this higher dimensional Möbius-like boundary is one sided, there is no outside to balance the internal collective Casimir pressure which then manifests itself as the force behind cosmic expansion, that is to say, dark energy. Thus analogous to the exact irrational value of ordinary energy density of spacetime E(O)=(Φ5/2) mc2 we now have P (Casimir) = (Φ3/2)(ch/d2) where c is the speed of light, m is the mass, h is the Planck constant and d is the plate separation. In addition the new emerging geometry combined with the topology of E-infinity theory leads directly to identifying dark matter with the quasi matter of the ergosphere. As a direct consequence of this new insight E=mc2 which can be written as E = E (O) + E (D)?where the exact rational approximation is E (O)=mc2/22 is?the ordinary energy density of the cosmos and the exact rational approximation E (D)=mc2/(21/22) is the corresponding dark energy which could be subdivided once more albeit truly approximately into E(D)=mc2/(5/22)?+mc2/(16/22)??where 5 is the Kaluza Klein spacetime dimension, 16 are the bosonic extra dimensions of Heterotic superstrings and 5/22 □?22% is approximately the density of the dark matter-like energy of the ergosphere of the Kerr geometry. As for the actual design of our nano reactor, this is closely related to branching clusters of polymer, frequently called lattice animals. In other words we will have Casimir spheres instead of Casimir plates and these spheres will be basically nano particles modelling lattice animals. Here D=?4 will be regarded as spacetime dimensionality while D=6 of percolations are the compactified super string dimensions and D=8 is the dimension of a corresponding super space.
基金Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2003CB716300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10547114)
文摘In this paper we investigate the influence of the dark energy on the time-like geodesic motion of a particle in Schwarzschild spacetime by analysing the behaviour of the effective potential which appears in an equation of motion. For the non-radial time-like geodesics, we find a bound orbit when the particle energy is in an appropriate range, and also find another possible orbit, which is that the particle drops straightly into the singularity of a black hole or escapes to infinity. For the radial time-like geodesics, we find an unstable circular orbit when the particle energy is the critical value, in which case it is possible for the particle to escape to infinity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61741509)
文摘The propagation characteristic of two identical and parallel dark solitons in a silicon-on-insulator(SOI)waveguide is simulated numerically using the split-step Fourier method.The parallel dark solitons imposed by the initial chirp are investigated mainly by changing their power,their relative time delay.The simulation shows that the time delay deforms the parallel dark soliton pulse,forming a bright-like soliton in the transmission process and making the transmission quality down.By increasing the power of one dark soliton,the energy of the other dark soliton can be increased,and larger increase in a soliton’s power leads to larger increase in the energy of the other.When the initial chirp is introduced into one of the dark solitons,higher energy consumption is observed.In particular,positive chirps resulting in pulse broadening width while negative chirps narrowing,with an obvious compression effect on the other dark soliton.Finally,large negative chirps are found to have a profound impact on parallel and nonparallel dark solitons.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB925204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10775048)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 206103)the Construct Program of the National Key Discipline
文摘We study the formation of dark states and the Aharonov-Bohm effect in symmetrically/asymmetrically coupled three- and four-quantum-dot systems. It is found that without a transverse magnetic field, destructive interference can trap an electron in a dark state. However, the introduction of a transverse magnetic field can disrupt the dark state, giving rise to oscillation in current. For symmetrically structured quantum-dot systems, the oscillation has a period of one flux quanta. But for asymmetrically structured dot systems, the period of oscillation is halved. In addition, the dephasing due to charge noise also blocks the formation of dark states, while it does not change the period of oscillation.
文摘An Anisotropic Dark Flow Acceleration can solve the cause of the Allais Effect [1]. This claim is based on a kinematic analysis of 21 Allais Effect measurements. All measurements (without exception) substantiate that the Allais Effect is consistent with anisotropic acceleration and that the acceleration is directed in the same direction as Dark Flow. So far, Allais Effect measurements have taken place blindfolded. Now, it is possible to calculate and predict when and where the Allais Effect can be confirmed, and of course also predict where and why no effect can be confirmed. In addition, it is now also possible to calculate how strong anomalies can be expected, and even whether the effect can be measured before or after the eclipse reaches the maximum. Still different pendulums are the most effective instrument to use. The reason why such strange devices are the best option is also no longer a mystery. This new theory also uncovers why advanced instruments can’t be used successfully, which also explains why such significant acceleration could have been hidden for such a long time. The exact magnitude of the anisotropic acceleration is calculated to be around 35 μGal (3.5e−7 m/s2), and not much deviation must be expected in the years to come.
文摘The gravitational-lens effect is interpreted in the framework of the Newtonian mechanics. Regarding the photon of energy hv as a corpuscle with a tiny mass of mγ=hv/c2. We calculate it's path bended by the gravitational force near the surface of the sun. Effects of dark matter have also been evaluated.
文摘This tutorial review is dedicated to the work of the outstanding Egyptian theoretical physicist and engineering scientist Prof. Mohamed El Naschie. Every physics student knows the well-known Einstein’s mass-energy equation, E=mc2, but unfortunately for physics, few know El Naschie’s modification, E(O)=mc2/22, and El Naschie’s dark energy equation E(D)=mc2(21/22) although this new insight has truly far reaching implications. This paper gives a short tutorial review of El Naschie’s fractal-Cantorian space-time as well as dark energy. Emphasis is put on the fundamental concept of Cantor set, fractal dimensions, zero set, empty set, and Casimir effect.
文摘Einstein’s equivalence principle allows one to compare the magnitudes of a gravitational acceleration field with the magnitudes of a field of Unruh acceleration temperatures. The validity of such a comparison is demonstrated by using it to derive the effective Hawking black body radiation at a Schwarzschild black hole horizon. One can then extend the black hole thought experiment to a Hawking-Unruh temperature equation expressed in terms of the Schwarzschild radius. This follows an inverse radius law rather than an inverse radius-squared law. Following a brief discussion of current theoretical failures to explain galactic rotation curves, the Unruh acceleration temperature equations are brought together to show how a rotating supermassive black hole galactic system should follow an inverse radius rule of centripetal gravitational force and centripetal acceleration. This result appears to indicate that galactic observations currently attributed to dark matter may in part be attributed to classical Newtonian dynamics superimposed on a relativistic rotating system powered by a supermassive black hole.
文摘A phase one design of a new free energy nano reactor is presented. The design is based on a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. In particular we view dark energy, Hawking negative energy, Unruh temperature and zero point vacuum energy as being different sides of the same multi-dimensional coin. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so-called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depend crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one internal quantum wave representing a Hartle-Hawking state vector of the universe pushing from the inside against the boundary of the universe with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. This strange situation becomes completely natural and logical when we remember that the boundary of the universe is a one sided Möbius like manifold. In view of the present theory, this is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. As in any reactor, the basic principle in the present design is to produce a gradient so that the excess energy on one side flows to the other side. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like 96 percent volume measure concentration. Without going into the intricate nonlinear dynamics and technological detail, it is fair to say that this would lead us to pure, clean, free energy obtained directly from the topology of spacetime via an artificial singularity. Needless to say, the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author for the first time in 2011 in a conference held in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt and a little later in Shanghai, Republic of China. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the Φ3 intrinsic Casimir topological energy where Φ=?(√5-1)/2 is produced from the zero set Φ of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave Φ2 from it and find Φ-Φ2=Φ3 by restructuring space via conducting but uncharged plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments. Our proposed preliminary design of this Casimir-spacetime artificial singularity reactor follows in a natural way from the above.
文摘When we place a superconductor above a magnet, we observe a levitation of the superconductor above the magnet. But when placing a perfect diamagnetic material above a magnet, no levitation is observed. This difference in behavior between the superconductor and the perfect diamagnetic in the presence of an external magnetic field is explained by the classical description of the Meissner effect implemented in this article. We have shown here that the Meissner effect is nothing more than an electromagnetic interaction between the magnetic field created by the superconductor and the magnetic field of the magnet. This classical description of the Meissner effect also allowed us to give a more realistic explanation of the expansion of the universe. We have shown that this expansion is a phenomenon that simply results from a Meissner effect between superconducting dark matter and the magnetic fields of stars. We also pointed out that this expansion is accelerated because the gravitational force between dark matter and the stars around it decreases as these stars move away from the superconducting dark matter. We also used this classical description of the Meissner effect to propose a new method of remote sensing in space in which the superconducting satellite is in perpetual levitation on the night side of the earth and a new and more efficient way to discover new particles through a superconducting detector levitating in the upper atmosphere.
文摘The present work investigates the practical consequences of the recent experimental observations, achieved with the help of the tightly synchronized atomic clocks in orbit, on the current view about the nature of the gravitational fields. While clocks, stationary within gravitational fields, show exactly the gravitational slowing predicted by General Relativity (GR), the GPS clocks, in orbit round earth and moving with earth round the sun, do not show the gravitational slowing of the solar field, predicted by GR. This absence can only mean that the orbital motion of earth cancels this gravitational slowing, which obviously cancels too the spacetime curvature. On the other hand, the Higgs theory introduces the Higgs Quantum Space (HQS) giving mass to the elementary particles by the Higgs mechanism. The HQS thus necessarily governs the inertial motion of matter-energy and is locally their ultimate reference for rest and for motions. Motion with respect to the local HQS and not relative motion is what causes clock slowing, light anisotropy and all the, so-called relativistic effects. Non-uniform motion of the HQS itself necessarily creates inertial dynamics, which, after Einstein’s equivalence of gravitational and inertial effects, is gravitational dynamics. The absence of the gravitational slowing of the GPS clocks by the solar field, together with the null results of the light anisotropy experiments on earth, demonstrates that earth is stationary with respect to the local HQS. This can make sense only if the HQS is moving round the sun according to a Keplerian velocity field, consistent with the planetary motions. This Keplerian velocity field of the HQS is the quintessence of the gravitational fields and is shown to naturally and accurately create the gravitational dynamics, observed on earth, in the solar system, in the galaxy and throughout the universe, as well as all the observed effects of the gravitational fields on light and on clocks.
