Objective: Prepare cross-linked HA gels with higher mechanical stability, lower degradation velocity and desirable biocompatibility,so as to extend the usage of HA.Method:1.Test molecular weight of HA (Mr_ HA ) by vis...Objective: Prepare cross-linked HA gels with higher mechanical stability, lower degradation velocity and desirable biocompatibility,so as to extend the usage of HA.Method:1.Test molecular weight of HA (Mr_ HA ) by viscosimetry;2.prepare cross-linked HA gels by DVS, GTA, DEC;3.discuss the cross-linking and degradation procedure;4.evaluate the biocompatibility of the best HA gels. Results:The mechanical stability and durability to degradation of HA-DVS gels are superior to those of other gels, and when HA:DVS = 40:1(g/g), at 35℃ and in 0.2 M NaOH solution, the HA-DVS gel shows the best mechanical stability, and its cytotoxicity reaches class I, hemolysis ratio is lower than 5%. Conclusion:Our HA-DVS gel can be used to prepare biologic scaffolds.展开更多
The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by ...The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by trauma,delayed presentation,and corneal perforation—PK restores globe integrity and provides limited visual recovery.However,its application is constrained by graft-related complications and donor shortages,particularly in low-resource settings.These limitations highlight the need for earlier,globe-sparing strategies to prevent progression and reduce surgical demand.Photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking(PACK-CXL)has emerged as a promising adjunct or alternative.With both antimicrobial and tissue-stabilizing effects,PACK-CXL may control infection and preserve corneal structure in earlier stages.A layered treatment framework that incorporates PACK-CXL as an initial intervention and reserves PK for refractory cases may help improve clinical outcomes.Further studies are needed to define their best use in practice.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric ...Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.展开更多
We successfully incorporated phenyl groups into a small-molecule quaternary ammonium cross-linker and synthesized cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes via a one-step cross-linking process.Compared with conventiona...We successfully incorporated phenyl groups into a small-molecule quaternary ammonium cross-linker and synthesized cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes via a one-step cross-linking process.Compared with conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked benzimidazole membranes,the introduction of phenyl groups significantly increases the free volume within the membrane.After phosphoric acid doping,the benzimidazole membrane with larger free volume retains more phosphoric acid compared to conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes,forming an extensive hydrogen-bonding network that effectively enhances its anhydrous proton conductivity.The anhydrous proton conductivity reaches 91 mS·cm^(-1)at 160℃,substantially higher than that of conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes with the same mass fraction.Benefiting from the improved conductivity,the membrane electrode assembly exhibits reduced ohmic polarization,achieving a peak power density of 792 mW·cm^(-2)at 160℃.展开更多
Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immun...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.展开更多
Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves...Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves CS-based films by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)or glycerol(GLY)and using citric acid(CA)as a green,non-toxic cross-linker.Composite films were prepared by casting CS–PVA or CS-GLY with CA at 0%-0.20%(w/w of starch).The influence of CA on physicochemical,mechanical,optical,thermal,and water barrier properties was evaluated.CA crosslinking markedly enhanced the tensile strength,water resistance,and thermal stability of CS-PVA films while increasing transparency in CS–GLY films.At 0.20%CA,the composite achieved 34.99MPa tensile strength,reducedwater vapor permeability,andminimized water uptake.FTIR confirmed ester bond formation between CAand hydroxyl groups of CS,PVA,and GLY,whereas thermal analysis showed higher decomposition temperatures and lower weight loss in crosslinked films.Increasing CA levels also decreased opacity and improved light transmittance,indicating greater homogeneity and reduced crystallinity.This dual-polymer matrix combined with a natural crosslinking strategy provides a sustainable route to high-performance,biodegradable CS-based packaging materials.展开更多
The network structure of M_(2)B in Fe-B-C alloy readily leads to the failure of material.In this work,by adding K2_SO4,the morphology of the M_(2)B was successfully regulated through a synergistic treatment combining ...The network structure of M_(2)B in Fe-B-C alloy readily leads to the failure of material.In this work,by adding K2_SO4,the morphology of the M_(2)B was successfully regulated through a synergistic treatment combining active element modification and heterogeneous nucleation modification.The results show that after the addition of K_(2)SO_(4),a new phaseα-MnS forms in the alloy,and the active element K enriches at the M_(2)B/matrix interface.This inhibits the growth of the network M_(2)B and promotes its transformation from a continuous network structure to an isolated blocky structure.As the K_(2)SO_(4) addition increases from 0wt.%to 4.46wt.%,the shape factor value of M_(2)B increases from 0.067 to 0.353,with an increase of 426%.The impact toughness of the alloy increases from 5.9 J·cm^(-2)to 14.2 J·cm^(-2),and the fracture mode transitions from cleavage fracture to ductile-cleavage mixed fracture.Three-body abrasion tests indicate that with increasing K_(2)SO_(4) addition,the wear weight loss of the alloy gradually decreases.The alloy with 4.46wt.%K_(2)SO_(4) addition exhibits the least wear damage and the best wear resistance.This work provides an effective approach for regulating the microstructure and improving the wear resistance of wear-resistant Fe-B-C alloys.展开更多
Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pell...Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.展开更多
The implementation of multifunctional application scenarios for mobile terminal devices has increased the energy density requirements of batteries.Increasing the charging voltage can rapidly increase the specific capa...The implementation of multifunctional application scenarios for mobile terminal devices has increased the energy density requirements of batteries.Increasing the charging voltage can rapidly increase the specific capacity of layered transition metal oxides;however,it also exacerbates the release of lattice oxygen and the contraction of the unit cell.Ternary materials are designed in a secondary particle state to meet the requirements of power battery applications.Therefore,to create ternary materials that can operate under ultrahigh voltages,attention should be given to both surface modification and particle integrity maintenance.By utilizing elemental selenium(Se)with a low melting point,easy sublimation,and multiple variable valence states,deep grain boundary modification was implemented inside the particles.The performance of the cathode material was evaluated through pouch cells,and the improvement mechanism was explored through molecular dynamics simulation calculations.Under the protection of a three-dimensional Se-rich modified layer,LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)achieved stable operation at ultrahigh voltages(4.6 V vs.Li/Li^(+));a sacrificial protection mechanism based on the chronic decomposition of the Se-rich layer was proposed to explain the efficacy of Se modification in stabilizing ternary materials.This deep grain boundary modification based on elemental Se provides a new solution for the ultrahigh-voltage operation of transition metal oxides and provides a scientific basis and technical support for solving the interface contact problem of all-solid-state batteries.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells have achieved remarkable progress in photovoltaic efficiency.However,interfacial defects at the buried and upper interfaces of perovskite layer remain a critical challenge,leading to charge reco...Perovskite solar cells have achieved remarkable progress in photovoltaic efficiency.However,interfacial defects at the buried and upper interfaces of perovskite layer remain a critical challenge,leading to charge recombination,ion migration,and iodine oxidation.To address this,we propose a novel all-in-one modification strategy employing ammonia borane(BNH6)as a multifunctional complex.By incorporating BNH6 at both buried and upper interfaces simultaneously,we achieve dualinterfacial defect passivation and iodide oxidation suppression through three key mechanisms:(1)hydrolysis-induced interaction with SnO_(2),(2)coordination with Pb^(2+),and(3)inhibition of I−oxidation.This approach significantly enhances device performance,yielding a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 26.43%(certified 25.98%).Furthermore,the unencapsulated device demonstrates prominent enhanced operation stability,maintaining 90%of its initial PCE after 500 h under continuous illumination.Notably,our strategy eliminates the need for separate interface treatments,streamlining fabrication and offering a scalable route toward high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.展开更多
Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we d...Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.展开更多
The presence of a surface oxide film(B_(2)O_(3))on boron(B)particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants.This study proposes an innovative conti...The presence of a surface oxide film(B_(2)O_(3))on boron(B)particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants.This study proposes an innovative continuous modification strategy combining non-thermal plasma(NTP)etching with fluorocarbon passivation.Characterization and kinetic analysis revealed that reactive plasma species—including atomic hydrogen(H),electronically excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)^(*)),vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)v),and hydrogen ions(H^(+))—dominate the reduction of B_(2)O_(3)through lowering the transition energy barrier and shifting the reaction spontaneity.Subsequent argon plasma fragmentation of C_(8)F_(18)generates fluorocarbon radicals that form conformal passivation coatings(thickness:7 nm)on purified boron surfaces.The modified boron particles exhibit 37.5℃lower exothermic peak temperature and 27.2%higher heat release(14.8 kJ/g vs.11.6 kJ/g)compared to untreated counterparts.Combustion diagnostics reveal 194%increase in maximum flame height(135.10 mm vs.46.03 mm)and 134%enhancement in flame propagation rate(4.44 cm/s vs.1.90 cm/s).This NTP-based surface engineering approach establishes a scalable pathway for developing highperformance boron-based energetic composites.展开更多
MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)catalysts for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO remain vulnerable to water and sulfur poisoning,limting their practical applications.Herein,we report a hydrophobic-modified MnO...MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)catalysts for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO remain vulnerable to water and sulfur poisoning,limting their practical applications.Herein,we report a hydrophobic-modified MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)catalyst that achieves enhanced NO conversion rate and stability under harsh conditions.The catalyst was synthesized by decorating MnOx crystals with amorphous CeO_(2),followed by loading hydrophobic silica on the external surfaces.The hydrophobic silica allowed the adsorption of NH_(3)and NO and diffusion of H,suppressed the adsorption of H_(2)O,and prevented SO_(2)interaction with the Mn active sites,achieving selective molecular discrimination at the catalyst surface.At 120℃,under H_(2)O and SO_(2)exposure,the optimal hydrophobic catalyst maintains 82%NO conversion rate compared with 69%for the unmodified catalyst.The average adsorption energies of NH_(3),H_(2)O,and SO_(2)decreased by 0.05,0.43,and 0.52 eV,respectively.The NO reduction pathway follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism,NH_(3)^(*)+*→NH_(2)^(*)+H^(*)followed by NH_(2)^(*)+NO^(*)→N_(2)^(*)+H_(2)O^(*),with NH_(3)dehydrogenation being the rate determining step.Hydrophobic modification increased the activation energy for H atom transfer,leading to a minor decrease in the NO conversion rate at 120℃.This work demonstrates a viable strategy for developing robust NH_(3)-S CR catalysts capable of efficient operation in water-and sulfur-rich environments.展开更多
We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by&quo...We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China".We apologized for the inconvenience caused by this error.展开更多
The neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in the secondary nerve injury of traumatic brain injury.The post-transcriptional modification of N^(6)-methyladenosine is ubiqui...The neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in the secondary nerve injury of traumatic brain injury.The post-transcriptional modification of N^(6)-methyladenosine is ubiquitous in the immune response of the central nervous system.The fat mass and obesity-related protein catalyzes the demethylation of N^(6)-methyladenosine modifications on mRNA and is widely expressed in various tissues,participating in the regulation of multiple diseases’biological processes.However,the role of fat mass and obesity in microglial activation and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury is unclear.In this study,we found that the expression of fat mass and obesity was significantly down-regulated in both lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells and a traumatic brain injury mouse model.After fat mass and obesity interference,BV2 cells exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype as shown by the increased proportion of CD11b^(+)/CD86^(+)cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Fat mass and obesity-mediated N^(6)-methyladenosine demethylation accelerated the degradation of ADAM17 mRNA,while silencing of fat mass and obesity enhanced the stability of ADAM17 mRNA.Therefore,down-regulation of fat mass and obesity expression leads to the abnormally high expression of ADAM17 in microglia.These results indicate that the activation of microglia and neuroinflammatory response regulated by fat mass and obesity-related N^(6)-methyladenosine modification plays an important role in the pro-inflammatory process of secondary injury following traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein ...Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.展开更多
The large volume expansion and rapid capacity attenuation of tin-based electrodes are the main factors limiting their commercial application.The reasonable design of electrode material structure is particularly import...The large volume expansion and rapid capacity attenuation of tin-based electrodes are the main factors limiting their commercial application.The reasonable design of electrode material structure is particularly important for improving its electrochemical performance.Herein,phosphorus-modified graphene encapsulated Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)nanoparticles composite(P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO)with crystalline-amorphous heterostructure has been successfully designed and prepared.The design of crystalline-amorphous structure has largely enhanced the active sites,and the construction of a graphene encapsulation structure has greatly alleviated volume expansion.Notably,P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO obtained an excellent high-rate longterm cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries anode,reaching a high specific capacity of 970 m Ah/g at 1.0 A/g after 1450 cycles.This work demonstrates that restructuring the electrode material's structure and phase through phosphorus modification can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of tin-based electrode materials.展开更多
In recent years,exosomes have garnered extensive attention as therapeutic agents and early diagnostic markers in neurodegenerative disease research.Exosomes are small and can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier,...In recent years,exosomes have garnered extensive attention as therapeutic agents and early diagnostic markers in neurodegenerative disease research.Exosomes are small and can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier,allowing them to target deep brain lesions.Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from different cell types may exert therapeutic effects by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cytokines,mRNAs,and disease-related proteins,thereby halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and exhibiting beneficial effects.However,exosomes are composed of lipid bilayer membranes and lack the ability to recognize specific target cells.This limitation can lead to side effects and toxicity when they interact with non-specific cells.Growing evidence suggests that surface-modified exosomes have enhanced targeting capabilities and can be used as targeted drug-delivery vehicles that show promising results in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of existing research aimed at devising approaches to modify exosomes and elucidating their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.Our findings indicate that exosomes can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier to facilitate drug delivery and can also serve as early diagnostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases.We introduce the strategies being used to enhance exosome targeting,including genetic engineering,chemical modifications(both covalent,such as click chemistry and metabolic engineering,and non-covalent,such as polyvalent electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions,ligand-receptor binding,aptamer-based modifications,and the incorporation of CP05-anchored peptides),and nanomaterial modifications.Research into these strategies has confirmed that exosomes have significant therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.However,several challenges remain in the clinical application of exosomes.Improvements are needed in preparation,characterization,and optimization methods,as well as in reducing the adverse reactions associated with their use.Additionally,the range of applications and the safety of exosomes require further research and evaluation.展开更多
Membrane fouling is always the biggest problem in the practice of membrane separation technologies,which strongly impacts their applicability,separation efficiency,cost effectiveness,and service lifespan.Herein,a simp...Membrane fouling is always the biggest problem in the practice of membrane separation technologies,which strongly impacts their applicability,separation efficiency,cost effectiveness,and service lifespan.Herein,a simple but effective 3D modification approach was designed for permanently functionalizing polymeric membranes by directly cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)under gamma-ray irradiation at room temperature without any additives.After the modification,a PVA layer was constructed on the membrane surface and the pore inner surface of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membranes.This endowed them with good hydrophilicity,low adsorption of protein model foulants,and easy recoverability properties.In addition,the pore size and distribution were customized by controlling the PVA concentration,which enhanced the rejection ability of the resultant membranes and converted them from microfiltration to ultrafiltration.The crosslinked PVA layer was equipped with the resultant membranes with good resistance to chemical cleaning by acidic,alkaline,and oxidative reagents,which could greatly prolong the membrane service lifetime.Furthermore,this approach was demonstrated as a universal method to modify PVDF membranes with other hydrophilic macromolecular modifiers,including polyethylene glycol,sodium alginate,and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.This modification of the membranes effectively endowed them with good hydrophilicity and antifouling properties,as expected.展开更多
Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic natu...Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic nature hinders selective oil absorption in water.Recent strategies to enhance hydrophobicity are reviewed,including synthetic methods and materials,with comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms driven by surface energy and roughness.Key performance indicators for MS in oil-water separation,including adsorption capacity,wettability,stability,emulsion separation,reversible wettability switching,flame retardancy,mechanical properties,and recyclability,are thoroughly discussed.In conclusion,this review provides insights into the future potential and direction of functional melamine sponges in oil-water separation.展开更多
基金The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,300211 Tianjin,China
文摘Objective: Prepare cross-linked HA gels with higher mechanical stability, lower degradation velocity and desirable biocompatibility,so as to extend the usage of HA.Method:1.Test molecular weight of HA (Mr_ HA ) by viscosimetry;2.prepare cross-linked HA gels by DVS, GTA, DEC;3.discuss the cross-linking and degradation procedure;4.evaluate the biocompatibility of the best HA gels. Results:The mechanical stability and durability to degradation of HA-DVS gels are superior to those of other gels, and when HA:DVS = 40:1(g/g), at 35℃ and in 0.2 M NaOH solution, the HA-DVS gel shows the best mechanical stability, and its cytotoxicity reaches class I, hemolysis ratio is lower than 5%. Conclusion:Our HA-DVS gel can be used to prepare biologic scaffolds.
文摘The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by trauma,delayed presentation,and corneal perforation—PK restores globe integrity and provides limited visual recovery.However,its application is constrained by graft-related complications and donor shortages,particularly in low-resource settings.These limitations highlight the need for earlier,globe-sparing strategies to prevent progression and reduce surgical demand.Photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking(PACK-CXL)has emerged as a promising adjunct or alternative.With both antimicrobial and tissue-stabilizing effects,PACK-CXL may control infection and preserve corneal structure in earlier stages.A layered treatment framework that incorporates PACK-CXL as an initial intervention and reserves PK for refractory cases may help improve clinical outcomes.Further studies are needed to define their best use in practice.
基金supported by Research Fund of SWUST for PhD(Grant No.22zx7175)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024NSFSC1097)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.
基金Funded in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4006302)。
文摘We successfully incorporated phenyl groups into a small-molecule quaternary ammonium cross-linker and synthesized cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes via a one-step cross-linking process.Compared with conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked benzimidazole membranes,the introduction of phenyl groups significantly increases the free volume within the membrane.After phosphoric acid doping,the benzimidazole membrane with larger free volume retains more phosphoric acid compared to conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes,forming an extensive hydrogen-bonding network that effectively enhances its anhydrous proton conductivity.The anhydrous proton conductivity reaches 91 mS·cm^(-1)at 160℃,substantially higher than that of conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes with the same mass fraction.Benefiting from the improved conductivity,the membrane electrode assembly exhibits reduced ohmic polarization,achieving a peak power density of 792 mW·cm^(-2)at 160℃.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82573045,82460602,82560459)the Hainan Provincial Graduate Student Innovative Research Project(No.Qhys2024-440).
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.
基金supported through RIIM Competition funding from the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Agency,Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia according to the contract number:61/IV/KS/5/2023 and 2131/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2023.
文摘Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves CS-based films by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)or glycerol(GLY)and using citric acid(CA)as a green,non-toxic cross-linker.Composite films were prepared by casting CS–PVA or CS-GLY with CA at 0%-0.20%(w/w of starch).The influence of CA on physicochemical,mechanical,optical,thermal,and water barrier properties was evaluated.CA crosslinking markedly enhanced the tensile strength,water resistance,and thermal stability of CS-PVA films while increasing transparency in CS–GLY films.At 0.20%CA,the composite achieved 34.99MPa tensile strength,reducedwater vapor permeability,andminimized water uptake.FTIR confirmed ester bond formation between CAand hydroxyl groups of CS,PVA,and GLY,whereas thermal analysis showed higher decomposition temperatures and lower weight loss in crosslinked films.Increasing CA levels also decreased opacity and improved light transmittance,indicating greater homogeneity and reduced crystallinity.This dual-polymer matrix combined with a natural crosslinking strategy provides a sustainable route to high-performance,biodegradable CS-based packaging materials.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant No.:Qiankehe Foundation-ZK[2024]General 522)the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund of Guiyang University(Grant No.:GYUKY-[2025])+1 种基金the Young Talents Cultivation Program Project of Guangdong Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.:SKXRC2025059)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.:21625404)。
文摘The network structure of M_(2)B in Fe-B-C alloy readily leads to the failure of material.In this work,by adding K2_SO4,the morphology of the M_(2)B was successfully regulated through a synergistic treatment combining active element modification and heterogeneous nucleation modification.The results show that after the addition of K_(2)SO_(4),a new phaseα-MnS forms in the alloy,and the active element K enriches at the M_(2)B/matrix interface.This inhibits the growth of the network M_(2)B and promotes its transformation from a continuous network structure to an isolated blocky structure.As the K_(2)SO_(4) addition increases from 0wt.%to 4.46wt.%,the shape factor value of M_(2)B increases from 0.067 to 0.353,with an increase of 426%.The impact toughness of the alloy increases from 5.9 J·cm^(-2)to 14.2 J·cm^(-2),and the fracture mode transitions from cleavage fracture to ductile-cleavage mixed fracture.Three-body abrasion tests indicate that with increasing K_(2)SO_(4) addition,the wear weight loss of the alloy gradually decreases.The alloy with 4.46wt.%K_(2)SO_(4) addition exhibits the least wear damage and the best wear resistance.This work provides an effective approach for regulating the microstructure and improving the wear resistance of wear-resistant Fe-B-C alloys.
基金financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2907801)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ40760)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory,China(No.YPML-2023050276)。
文摘Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52302259)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF) under Grant Number 2023M741479+4 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZB20240280the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20224ACB218006)the financial support from High-level Talent Research Special Funds of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology (Grant No. 205200100670)the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Energy Storage Batteries and Materials (2024SSY10011)the Major Scientific and Technological Research R&D Special Project of Jiangxi Province(20244AFI92002)
文摘The implementation of multifunctional application scenarios for mobile terminal devices has increased the energy density requirements of batteries.Increasing the charging voltage can rapidly increase the specific capacity of layered transition metal oxides;however,it also exacerbates the release of lattice oxygen and the contraction of the unit cell.Ternary materials are designed in a secondary particle state to meet the requirements of power battery applications.Therefore,to create ternary materials that can operate under ultrahigh voltages,attention should be given to both surface modification and particle integrity maintenance.By utilizing elemental selenium(Se)with a low melting point,easy sublimation,and multiple variable valence states,deep grain boundary modification was implemented inside the particles.The performance of the cathode material was evaluated through pouch cells,and the improvement mechanism was explored through molecular dynamics simulation calculations.Under the protection of a three-dimensional Se-rich modified layer,LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)achieved stable operation at ultrahigh voltages(4.6 V vs.Li/Li^(+));a sacrificial protection mechanism based on the chronic decomposition of the Se-rich layer was proposed to explain the efficacy of Se modification in stabilizing ternary materials.This deep grain boundary modification based on elemental Se provides a new solution for the ultrahigh-voltage operation of transition metal oxides and provides a scientific basis and technical support for solving the interface contact problem of all-solid-state batteries.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22334007).
文摘Perovskite solar cells have achieved remarkable progress in photovoltaic efficiency.However,interfacial defects at the buried and upper interfaces of perovskite layer remain a critical challenge,leading to charge recombination,ion migration,and iodine oxidation.To address this,we propose a novel all-in-one modification strategy employing ammonia borane(BNH6)as a multifunctional complex.By incorporating BNH6 at both buried and upper interfaces simultaneously,we achieve dualinterfacial defect passivation and iodide oxidation suppression through three key mechanisms:(1)hydrolysis-induced interaction with SnO_(2),(2)coordination with Pb^(2+),and(3)inhibition of I−oxidation.This approach significantly enhances device performance,yielding a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 26.43%(certified 25.98%).Furthermore,the unencapsulated device demonstrates prominent enhanced operation stability,maintaining 90%of its initial PCE after 500 h under continuous illumination.Notably,our strategy eliminates the need for separate interface treatments,streamlining fabrication and offering a scalable route toward high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (62504130)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0704100)+3 种基金the Key university laboratory of highly efficient utilization of solar energy and sustainable development of Guangdong (Y01256331)the Technology Development Project of Henan Province (252102240047)the Pico Center at SUSTech CRF which receives support from the Presidential FundDevelopment and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
文摘Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2341249,12005076,22205112)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2025201012)。
文摘The presence of a surface oxide film(B_(2)O_(3))on boron(B)particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants.This study proposes an innovative continuous modification strategy combining non-thermal plasma(NTP)etching with fluorocarbon passivation.Characterization and kinetic analysis revealed that reactive plasma species—including atomic hydrogen(H),electronically excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)^(*)),vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)v),and hydrogen ions(H^(+))—dominate the reduction of B_(2)O_(3)through lowering the transition energy barrier and shifting the reaction spontaneity.Subsequent argon plasma fragmentation of C_(8)F_(18)generates fluorocarbon radicals that form conformal passivation coatings(thickness:7 nm)on purified boron surfaces.The modified boron particles exhibit 37.5℃lower exothermic peak temperature and 27.2%higher heat release(14.8 kJ/g vs.11.6 kJ/g)compared to untreated counterparts.Combustion diagnostics reveal 194%increase in maximum flame height(135.10 mm vs.46.03 mm)and 134%enhancement in flame propagation rate(4.44 cm/s vs.1.90 cm/s).This NTP-based surface engineering approach establishes a scalable pathway for developing highperformance boron-based energetic composites.
基金financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204414)the National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program,China(No.TC220H06N)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC1910504)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRFTP-20-097A1Z)。
文摘MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)catalysts for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO remain vulnerable to water and sulfur poisoning,limting their practical applications.Herein,we report a hydrophobic-modified MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)catalyst that achieves enhanced NO conversion rate and stability under harsh conditions.The catalyst was synthesized by decorating MnOx crystals with amorphous CeO_(2),followed by loading hydrophobic silica on the external surfaces.The hydrophobic silica allowed the adsorption of NH_(3)and NO and diffusion of H,suppressed the adsorption of H_(2)O,and prevented SO_(2)interaction with the Mn active sites,achieving selective molecular discrimination at the catalyst surface.At 120℃,under H_(2)O and SO_(2)exposure,the optimal hydrophobic catalyst maintains 82%NO conversion rate compared with 69%for the unmodified catalyst.The average adsorption energies of NH_(3),H_(2)O,and SO_(2)decreased by 0.05,0.43,and 0.52 eV,respectively.The NO reduction pathway follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism,NH_(3)^(*)+*→NH_(2)^(*)+H^(*)followed by NH_(2)^(*)+NO^(*)→N_(2)^(*)+H_(2)O^(*),with NH_(3)dehydrogenation being the rate determining step.Hydrophobic modification increased the activation energy for H atom transfer,leading to a minor decrease in the NO conversion rate at 120℃.This work demonstrates a viable strategy for developing robust NH_(3)-S CR catalysts capable of efficient operation in water-and sulfur-rich environments.
文摘We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China".We apologized for the inconvenience caused by this error.
基金supported by grants from the Major Projects of Health Science Research Foundation for Middle-Aged and Young Scientist of Fujian Province,China,No.2022ZQNZD01010010the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371390Fujian Province Scientific Foundation,No.2023J01725(all to XC).
文摘The neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in the secondary nerve injury of traumatic brain injury.The post-transcriptional modification of N^(6)-methyladenosine is ubiquitous in the immune response of the central nervous system.The fat mass and obesity-related protein catalyzes the demethylation of N^(6)-methyladenosine modifications on mRNA and is widely expressed in various tissues,participating in the regulation of multiple diseases’biological processes.However,the role of fat mass and obesity in microglial activation and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury is unclear.In this study,we found that the expression of fat mass and obesity was significantly down-regulated in both lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells and a traumatic brain injury mouse model.After fat mass and obesity interference,BV2 cells exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype as shown by the increased proportion of CD11b^(+)/CD86^(+)cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Fat mass and obesity-mediated N^(6)-methyladenosine demethylation accelerated the degradation of ADAM17 mRNA,while silencing of fat mass and obesity enhanced the stability of ADAM17 mRNA.Therefore,down-regulation of fat mass and obesity expression leads to the abnormally high expression of ADAM17 in microglia.These results indicate that the activation of microglia and neuroinflammatory response regulated by fat mass and obesity-related N^(6)-methyladenosine modification plays an important role in the pro-inflammatory process of secondary injury following traumatic brain injury.
基金supported by Applied Basic Research Joint Fund Project of Yunnan Province,No.202301AY070001-200Middle-aged Academic and Technical Training Project for High-Level Talents,No.202105AC160065+1 种基金Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases,No.YWLCYXZX2023300077Key Clinical Specialty of Neurology in Yunnan Province,No.300064(all to CL)。
文摘Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2024QE450,ZR2024QB302 and ZR2024QB004)the Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211249)Research Program of Qilu Institute of Technology(Nos.QIT 23TP019,QIT23TP010 and QIT24NN007)。
文摘The large volume expansion and rapid capacity attenuation of tin-based electrodes are the main factors limiting their commercial application.The reasonable design of electrode material structure is particularly important for improving its electrochemical performance.Herein,phosphorus-modified graphene encapsulated Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)nanoparticles composite(P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO)with crystalline-amorphous heterostructure has been successfully designed and prepared.The design of crystalline-amorphous structure has largely enhanced the active sites,and the construction of a graphene encapsulation structure has greatly alleviated volume expansion.Notably,P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO obtained an excellent high-rate longterm cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries anode,reaching a high specific capacity of 970 m Ah/g at 1.0 A/g after 1450 cycles.This work demonstrates that restructuring the electrode material's structure and phase through phosphorus modification can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of tin-based electrode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22103055(to JG)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.F2024110001(to HC)Open Project of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System,Nos.2024LODTS215(to NL),2024LODTS216(to XS).
文摘In recent years,exosomes have garnered extensive attention as therapeutic agents and early diagnostic markers in neurodegenerative disease research.Exosomes are small and can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier,allowing them to target deep brain lesions.Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from different cell types may exert therapeutic effects by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cytokines,mRNAs,and disease-related proteins,thereby halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and exhibiting beneficial effects.However,exosomes are composed of lipid bilayer membranes and lack the ability to recognize specific target cells.This limitation can lead to side effects and toxicity when they interact with non-specific cells.Growing evidence suggests that surface-modified exosomes have enhanced targeting capabilities and can be used as targeted drug-delivery vehicles that show promising results in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of existing research aimed at devising approaches to modify exosomes and elucidating their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.Our findings indicate that exosomes can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier to facilitate drug delivery and can also serve as early diagnostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases.We introduce the strategies being used to enhance exosome targeting,including genetic engineering,chemical modifications(both covalent,such as click chemistry and metabolic engineering,and non-covalent,such as polyvalent electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions,ligand-receptor binding,aptamer-based modifications,and the incorporation of CP05-anchored peptides),and nanomaterial modifications.Research into these strategies has confirmed that exosomes have significant therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.However,several challenges remain in the clinical application of exosomes.Improvements are needed in preparation,characterization,and optimization methods,as well as in reducing the adverse reactions associated with their use.Additionally,the range of applications and the safety of exosomes require further research and evaluation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875313,12075153,and 11575277).
文摘Membrane fouling is always the biggest problem in the practice of membrane separation technologies,which strongly impacts their applicability,separation efficiency,cost effectiveness,and service lifespan.Herein,a simple but effective 3D modification approach was designed for permanently functionalizing polymeric membranes by directly cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)under gamma-ray irradiation at room temperature without any additives.After the modification,a PVA layer was constructed on the membrane surface and the pore inner surface of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membranes.This endowed them with good hydrophilicity,low adsorption of protein model foulants,and easy recoverability properties.In addition,the pore size and distribution were customized by controlling the PVA concentration,which enhanced the rejection ability of the resultant membranes and converted them from microfiltration to ultrafiltration.The crosslinked PVA layer was equipped with the resultant membranes with good resistance to chemical cleaning by acidic,alkaline,and oxidative reagents,which could greatly prolong the membrane service lifetime.Furthermore,this approach was demonstrated as a universal method to modify PVDF membranes with other hydrophilic macromolecular modifiers,including polyethylene glycol,sodium alginate,and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.This modification of the membranes effectively endowed them with good hydrophilicity and antifouling properties,as expected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372093 and 52102145)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2023GXLH-045 and 2022SF-168)+4 种基金the Xi’an Programs for Science and Technology Plan(Nos.2020KJRC0090 and 21XJZZ0045)the Opening Project of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology(No.XJZZ202001)the Xi’an Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.21XJZZ0054)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry,Ministry of Education,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(No.KFKT2021-01)the Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(No.KFKT2021-01).
文摘Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic nature hinders selective oil absorption in water.Recent strategies to enhance hydrophobicity are reviewed,including synthetic methods and materials,with comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms driven by surface energy and roughness.Key performance indicators for MS in oil-water separation,including adsorption capacity,wettability,stability,emulsion separation,reversible wettability switching,flame retardancy,mechanical properties,and recyclability,are thoroughly discussed.In conclusion,this review provides insights into the future potential and direction of functional melamine sponges in oil-water separation.
