The laser weapons will play a special role in the future high-tech war.To study the impact of airborne laser weapon on the System-of-System(SoS)effectiveness in cooperative com-bat,this paper proposes an indicator con...The laser weapons will play a special role in the future high-tech war.To study the impact of airborne laser weapon on the System-of-System(SoS)effectiveness in cooperative com-bat,this paper proposes an indicator construction method based on the combination of the weapon capability indicator system and the combat simulation.The indicator system of capability is divided into 4 layers by the bottom-to-up generation mechanism of indicators.It can describe the logical relationship between the indicator layers from a qualitative perspective.Together with the 4 layers capability indicator system,a hierarchical framework of airborne laser weapon is established by the agent-based modeling and simulation.Impact analyses show that the SoS effectiveness improves with the increase of the laser weapon output power,the laser launcher diameter,and the photoelectric sensor pixel.But the SoS effectiveness promotion brought by the photoelectric sensor pixel is limited.The results can be used for the development of tactical airborne laser weapon.展开更多
The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using d...The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China,employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-universityresearch cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation;2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development;3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industryuniversity-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth.展开更多
The Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region, where the Golden Triangle is located, is composed with the border areas of China, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. The poorest and inaccessible remote Golden...The Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region, where the Golden Triangle is located, is composed with the border areas of China, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. The poorest and inaccessible remote Golden Triangle now faces the opportunity to develop and participate in the global economic system. Not only has the traditional border tourism between two countries in this region been growing rapidly and various tourism products cross the regions also have been developed. The article attempts to explore the multiplier effects of tourism on regional cooperation. These consequences of tourism cooperation take effect through the infrastructure improvement, facilitation of the flee movement, improvement of communication and promotion of the alternative economy. The study also points out the unexpected negative consequences to limit its role as a regional cooperative engine due to the lack of consideration of the dual economic and social structure in tourism development. The special attention should be drawn to consider the limited benefits for the marginalized community, the high transaction of the social costs related with the drug tourism and sex tourism. The paper calls for more rigorous cooperative regional plans and policies to the complexity of tourism development in this region.展开更多
BACKGROUND 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT is a commonly used examination method in nuclear medicine.However,patients receiving 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT have insufficient knowledge of this method and worry about the examination re...BACKGROUND 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT is a commonly used examination method in nuclear medicine.However,patients receiving 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT have insufficient knowledge of this method and worry about the examination results.AIM To investigate the effect of teach-back health education combined with structured psychological nursing on adverse emotion and cooperation in patients undergoing 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT examination.METHODS Ninety patients undergoing 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT examinations were divided into a study group and a control group using a simple random number table,and 45 cases were allocated to each group.Routine nursing was provided to the control group,and teach-back health education combined with structured psychological nursing was provided to the study group on the basis of the control group.Heart rate,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,self-rating depression scale(SDS),and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)were assessed before and after the intervention,and examination cooperation and intervention satisfaction were assessed in the two groups before,during,and after the examination.RESULTS Before the examination,heart rate,diastolic blood pressure,and systolic blood pressure in the study group were not significantly different from the values of the control group(P>0.05).The results of the study group before and after the examination were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Before the intervention,SDS and SAS scores in the study group were not significantly different from those in the control group(P>0.05).After the intervention,SDS and SAS scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The degree of cooperation was higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate with the intervention was higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Teach-back health education combined with structured psychological nursing can help maintain the stability of blood pressure and heart rate,relieve negative emotions,and improve the satisfaction and cooperation of patients undergoing 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT examinations.展开更多
We study the effect of accumulative payoff on the evolution of cooperation in the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma on a square lattice. We introduce a decaying factor for the accumulative payoff, which characterizes t...We study the effect of accumulative payoff on the evolution of cooperation in the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma on a square lattice. We introduce a decaying factor for the accumulative payoff, which characterizes the extent that the historical payoff is accumulated. It is shown that for fixed values of the temptation to defect, the density of cooperators increases with the value of the decaying factor. This indicates that the more the historical payoff is involved, the more favourable cooperators become. In the critical region where the cooperator density converges to zero, cooperators vanish according to a power-law-like behaviour. The associated exponents agree approximately with the two-dimensional directed percolation and depend weakly on the value of the decaying factor.展开更多
Effects of inforination asymmetry on cooperation in the prisoners＇ dilemma game are investigated. The amplitude A is introduced to describe the degree of information asymmetry. It is found that there exists an optima...Effects of inforination asymmetry on cooperation in the prisoners＇ dilemma game are investigated. The amplitude A is introduced to describe the degree of information asymmetry. It is found that there exists an optimal value of amplitude Aopt at which the fraction of cooperation reaches its maximal value. The reason lies in that cooperators on the two-dimensional grid form large clusters at Aopt. In addition, the theoretical analysis in terms of the mean- field theory is used to understand this kind of phenomenon. It is confirmed that the information asymmetry plays an important role in the dynamics of the dilemma games of spatial prisoners.展开更多
When more than one pedestrian want to move to the same site, conflicts appear and thus the involved pedestrians play a motion game. In order to describe the emergence of cooperation during the conflict resolving proce...When more than one pedestrian want to move to the same site, conflicts appear and thus the involved pedestrians play a motion game. In order to describe the emergence of cooperation during the conflict resolving process, an evolutionary cellular automation model is established considering the effect of aspiration and mean gain. In each game, pedestrian may be gentle cooperator or aggressive defector. We propose a set of win-stay-lose-shrift （WSLS） like rules for updating pedestrian＇s strategy. These rules prescribe that if the mean gain of current strategy between some given steps is larger than aspiration the strategy keeps, otherwise the strategy changes. The simulation results show that a high level aspiration will lead to more cooperation. With the increment of the statistic length, pedestrians will be more rational in decision making. It is also found that when the aspiration level is small enough and the statistic length is large enough ail the pedestrian will turn to defectors. We use the prisoner＇s dilernma rnodel to explain it. At last we discuss the effect of aspiration on fundamental diagram.展开更多
In the realm of public goods game,punishment,as a potent tool,stands out for fostering cooperation.While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem,the associated costs can be substantial.Punishers in...In the realm of public goods game,punishment,as a potent tool,stands out for fostering cooperation.While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem,the associated costs can be substantial.Punishers incur expenses in imposing sanctions,while defectors face fines.Unfortunately,these monetary elements seemingly vanish into thin air,representing a loss to the system itself.However,by virtue of the redistribution of fines to cooperators and punishers,not only can we mitigate this loss,but the rewards for these cooperative individuals can be enhanced.Based upon this premise,this paper introduces a fine distribution mechanism to the traditional pool punishment model.Under identical parameter settings,by conducting a comparative experiment with the conventional punishment model,the paper aims to investigate the impact of fine distribution on the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game.The experimental results clearly demonstrate that,in instances where the punishment cost is prohibitively high,the cooperative strategies of the traditional pool punishment model may completely collapse.However,the model enriched with fine distribution manages to sustain a considerable number of cooperative strategies,thus highlighting its effectiveness in promoting and preserving cooperation,even in the face of substantial punishment cost.展开更多
Individual decision-making processes are not solely driven by self-interest maximization but are also influenced by the pressure to conform to the group.In primary games like the prisoner's dilemma,the presence of...Individual decision-making processes are not solely driven by self-interest maximization but are also influenced by the pressure to conform to the group.In primary games like the prisoner's dilemma,the presence of conformity pressure may facilitate the constructive development of cooperative behavior.In this study,we investigate how conformity influences the growth of cooperation in complicated coordination games.Our findings reveal that,even in the presence of stringent game rules,conformity can promote cooperation.In fact,a certain level of conformity pressure can even eliminate the“defection basin”of deer hunting games played on regular networks.Additionally,we demonstrate that the effect of conformity on cooperative behavior is contingent upon the degree of conformity pressure,with different levels of conformity pressure producing opposite effects.These findings provide novel insights into the promotion of cooperative evolution.For instance,if increasing the reward for cooperation has proven ineffective,manipulating the proportion of initial strategy choices may be a more promising approach.展开更多
In this work, we consider an evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma game on a homogeneous random network with the richest-following strategy adoption rule. By constructing homogeneous random networks from a regular ring gra...In this work, we consider an evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma game on a homogeneous random network with the richest-following strategy adoption rule. By constructing homogeneous random networks from a regular ring graph, we investigate the effects of topologicaJ randomness on cooperation. In contrast to the ordinary view that the presence of smaJ1 amount of shortcuts in ring graphs favors cooperation, we find the cooperation inhibition by weak topological randomness. The explanations on the observations are presented.展开更多
We investigate the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma game in structured populations by introducing dimers, which are defined as that two players in each dimer always hold a same strategy. We find that influences of dim...We investigate the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma game in structured populations by introducing dimers, which are defined as that two players in each dimer always hold a same strategy. We find that influences of dimets on cooperation depend on the type of dimers and the population structure. For those dimers in which players interact with each other, the cooperation level increases with the number of dimers though the cooperation improvement level depends on the type of network structures. On the other hand, the dimers, in which there are not mutual interactions, will not do any good to the cooperation level in a single community, but interestingly, will improve the cooperation level in a population with two communities. We explore the relationship between dimers and self-interactions and find that the effects of dimers are similar to that of self-interactions. Also, we find that the dimers, which are established over two communities in a multi-community network, act as one type of interaction through which information between communities is communicated by the requirement that two players in a dimer hold a same strategy.展开更多
In this paper,we study the influence of the size of interaction neighbors(k) on the evolution of cooperation in the spatial snowdrift game.At first,we consider the effects of noise K and cost-to-benefit ratio r,the si...In this paper,we study the influence of the size of interaction neighbors(k) on the evolution of cooperation in the spatial snowdrift game.At first,we consider the effects of noise K and cost-to-benefit ratio r,the simulation results indicate that the evolution of cooperation depends on the combined action of noise and cost-to-benefit ratio.For a lower r,the cooperators are multitudinous and the cooperation frequency ultimately increases to 1 as the increase of noise.However,for a higher r,the defectors account for the majority of the game and dominate the game if the noise is large enough.Then we mainly investigate how k influences the evolution of cooperation by varying the noise in detail.We find that the frequency of cooperators is closely related to the size of neighborhood and cost-to-benefit ratio r.In the case of lower r,the augmentation of k plays no positive role in promoting the cooperation as compared with that of k = 4,while for higher r the cooperation is improved for a growing size of neighborhood.At last,based on the above discussions,we explore the cluster-forming mechanism among the cooperators.The current results are beneficial to further understand the evolution of cooperation in many natural,social and biological systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND As lifestyles continue to change worldwide,the incidence of digestive tract carcinoma has gradually increased.Digestive endoscopy is an important tool that can assist in the diagnosis,treatment,and surgical...BACKGROUND As lifestyles continue to change worldwide,the incidence of digestive tract carcinoma has gradually increased.Digestive endoscopy is an important tool that can assist in the diagnosis,treatment,and surgical intervention for this disease.However,the examination process is affected by many factors,and patient cooperation is often poor,which can increase the risk of complications.AIM To explore the effects of integrated management and cognitive intervention on cooperation and complications in patients undergoing endoscopy for early gastrointestinal neoplasms.METHODS A total of 354 patients with early stage gastrointestinal cancer who underwent digestive endoscopy procedures between January and December 2023 at our hospital were divided into observation and control groups(177 patients in each group)in a randomized controlled blind trial.The control group received routine interventions,while the observation group received comprehensive integrated management combined with cognitive interventions.We compared the changes in adverse mood,discomfort,examination time,cooperation with the examination,and complications before and after the intervention between the two groups.RESULTS The self-rated anxiety and depression scale scores were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The visual analog scale scores for discomfort during intubation and examination were also lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the examination time was shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the degree of cooperation(94.35%)was higher in the observation group than in the control group(84.75%;P<0.05).Lastly,the incidence rates of gastrointestinal adverse reactions(10.17%vs 20.34%),choking agitation(14.69%vs 24.86%),abdominal pain(8.47%vs 18.08%),and muscle tension(5.08%vs 14.12%)were all lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated management and cognitive intervention in early gastrointestinal neoplasm endoscopy alleviate mood,reduce discomfort,shorten examinations,improve cooperation,and reduce complications.展开更多
Payoff-driven strategy updating rule has always been adopted as a classic mechanism,but up to now,there have been a great many of researches on considering other forms of strategy updating rules,among which pursuing h...Payoff-driven strategy updating rule has always been adopted as a classic mechanism,but up to now,there have been a great many of researches on considering other forms of strategy updating rules,among which pursuing high fitness is one of the most direct and conventional motivations in the decision-making using game theory.But there are few or no researches on fitness from the perspective of others'evaluation.In view of this,we propose a new model in which the evaluation effect with fitness-driven strategy updating rule is taken into consideration,and introduce an evaluation coefficient to present the degree of others'evaluation on individual's behavior.The cooperative individuals can get positive evaluation,otherwise defective individuals get negative evaluation,and the degree of evaluation is related to the number of neighbors who have the same strategy of individual.Through numerical simulation,we find that the evaluation effect of others can enhance the network reciprocity,thus promoting the cooperation.For a strong dilemma,the higher evaluation coefficient can greatly weaken the cooperation dilemma;for a weak one,the higher evaluation coefficient can make cooperator clusters spread faster,however,there is no significant difference in the level of cooperation in the final stable state among different evaluation coefficients.The cooperation becomes more flourish as the number of fitness-driven individuals increases,when all individuals adopt fitness-driven strategy updating rule,the cooperators can quickly occupy the whole population.Besides,we demonstrate the robustness of the results on the WS small-world network,ER random network,and BA scalefree network.展开更多
Using the software ANSYS-19.2/Explicit Dynamics,this study performedfinite-element modeling of the large-diameter steel pipeline cross-section for the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent gas pipeline with a non-through straight crac...Using the software ANSYS-19.2/Explicit Dynamics,this study performedfinite-element modeling of the large-diameter steel pipeline cross-section for the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent gas pipeline with a non-through straight crack,strengthened by steel wire wrapping.The effects of the thread tensile force of the steel winding in the form of single rings at the crack edges and the wires with different winding diameters and pitches were also studied.The results showed that the strengthening was preferably executed at a minimum value of the thread tensile force,which was 6.4%more effective than that at its maximum value.The analysis of the influence of the winding dia-meters showed that the equivalent stresses increased by 32%from the beginning of the crack growth until the wire broke.The increment in winding diameter decelerated the disclosure of the edge crack and reduced its length by 8.2%.The analysis of the influence of the winding pitch showed that decreasing the distance between the winding turns also led to a 33.6%reduction in the length of the straight crack and a 7.9%reduction in the maximum stres-ses on the strengthened pipeline cross-section.The analysis of the temperature effect on the pipeline material,within a range from-40℃to+50℃,resulted in a crack length change of up to 5.8%.As the temperature dropped,the crack length decreased.Within such a temperature range,the maximum stresses were observed along the cen-tral area of the crack,which were equal to 413 MPa at+50℃and 440 MPa at-40℃.The results also showed that the presence of the steel winding in the pipeline significantly reduced the length of crack propagation up to 8.4 times,depending on the temperature effect and design parameters of prestressing.This work integrated the existing methods for crack localization along steel gas pipelines.展开更多
The non-cooperative action in the social dilemma situation might, at the worst case, lead to violation of social rules （or regulations）. A repetitive N-person social dilemma game that permit the participants to chan...The non-cooperative action in the social dilemma situation might, at the worst case, lead to violation of social rules （or regulations）. A repetitive N-person social dilemma game that permit the participants to change jobs between organizations （groups） and mutually interact between groups was carried out to investigate how ＂limitation for job change＂, ＂cost for job change＂, and ＂incentive （enhancement of personal career）＂ affected the cooperation. The cost for job change effectively worked for the enhancement of cooperation. When the cost for job change was not necessary, the cooperative behavior was enhanced. When the cost for job change was necessary, it tended that a non-cooperative action was selected. When the limitation and the cost for job change were imposed, and the participants were provided with the incentive for cooperation, the cooperation rate was the highest. A significant interaction between the incentive condition （enhancement of personal career） and the limitation for job change was also clarified.展开更多
The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile testing.In-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmiss...The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile testing.In-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the progressive transformation-induced plasticity process and associated fracture initiation mechanisms.These findings were discussed with the local strain measurements via digital image correlation.The results indicated that Lüders band formation in the steel was limited to 1.5%strain,which was mainly due to the early-stage martensitic phase transformation of a very small amount of the less stable large-sized retained austenite(RA),which led to localized stress concentrations and strain hardening and further retardation of yielding.The small-sized RA exhibited high stability and progressively transformed into martensite and contributed to a stably extended Portevin-Le Chatelier effect.The volume fraction of RA gradually decreased from 26.8%to 8.2%prior to fracture.In the late deformation stage,fracture initiation primarily occurred at the austenite/martensite and ferrite/martensite interfaces and the ferrite phase.展开更多
In recent years, the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry under the CAS has freed itself from the stereotyped rut of conventional forms in its external intercourse while still sticking fast to upholding its strateg...In recent years, the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry under the CAS has freed itself from the stereotyped rut of conventional forms in its external intercourse while still sticking fast to upholding its strategic goal of disciplinary development. Our stress in this aspect has shifted to the pursuit of real effects and diversified forms in international S&T exchange. Our exploration features the following four characteristics:展开更多
Objective: to review and analyze the influence of the two clinical measures of routine and multidisciplinary collaboration on patients' rehabilitation degree and self-care ability, and to explore the practical app...Objective: to review and analyze the influence of the two clinical measures of routine and multidisciplinary collaboration on patients' rehabilitation degree and self-care ability, and to explore the practical application effect of multidisciplinary collaboration. Methods: total sample enrollment: 72 cases;sample selection time: 2020.9 —— 2021.9, all samples were taken from the patients with acute cerebral infarction included in our hospital. Random samples were divided into two groups and used group control method to explore the practical application value by comparing the results of different nursing measures. The grouping situation was as follows: 36 patients with routine care service were set as the control group;36 patients with multidisciplinary collaborative pathway care were set as the observation group. Compare the two groups of application effects. Results: patients in the observation group had better intervention efficiency, better nerve injury recovery, better functional score, better self-care ability, and P <0.05 between groups. Conclusion: collaborative pathway nursing positively affects the ability and rehabilitation effect of acute cerebral infarction.展开更多
How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreement...How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreements that could lead to profound influence on low-carbon energy systems development around the Asia-Pacific region are the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) consisted of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea and the Belt and road initiative (BRI) initiated by China. In order to have a smooth transition to low-carbon energy systems in Asia, besides RCEP and BRI, it is imperative to boost private sector investment. Success of encouraging private sector investment depends on appropriate government policies towards promoting innovations and reducing financial risks to private investors. The research questions that are examined in this study are: What type of policy measures affects trade in low-carbon transition, particularly renewable energy (RE) transition? How can investment signals and incentives be reframed to scale up private finance in RE? The objective is to investigate and to provide several feasible trade policy and investment policy tools for both national and regional markets that governments could adopt to accelerate the speed of private financing of the low-carbon energy industry, particularly the RE industry.展开更多
文摘The laser weapons will play a special role in the future high-tech war.To study the impact of airborne laser weapon on the System-of-System(SoS)effectiveness in cooperative com-bat,this paper proposes an indicator construction method based on the combination of the weapon capability indicator system and the combat simulation.The indicator system of capability is divided into 4 layers by the bottom-to-up generation mechanism of indicators.It can describe the logical relationship between the indicator layers from a qualitative perspective.Together with the 4 layers capability indicator system,a hierarchical framework of airborne laser weapon is established by the agent-based modeling and simulation.Impact analyses show that the SoS effectiveness improves with the increase of the laser weapon output power,the laser launcher diameter,and the photoelectric sensor pixel.But the SoS effectiveness promotion brought by the photoelectric sensor pixel is limited.The results can be used for the development of tactical airborne laser weapon.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41971222)Key R&D (Science and Technology)+2 种基金Promotion Project of Henan Province (No. 222102110420)Key Research Project of Higher Education Think Tank in Henan Province (No. 2022ZKYJ06)Science and Technology Innovative Team Support Plan Project in Higher Educational Institutions of Henan Province (No. 21IRTSTHN008)。
文摘The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China,employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-universityresearch cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation;2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development;3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industryuniversity-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth.
文摘The Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region, where the Golden Triangle is located, is composed with the border areas of China, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. The poorest and inaccessible remote Golden Triangle now faces the opportunity to develop and participate in the global economic system. Not only has the traditional border tourism between two countries in this region been growing rapidly and various tourism products cross the regions also have been developed. The article attempts to explore the multiplier effects of tourism on regional cooperation. These consequences of tourism cooperation take effect through the infrastructure improvement, facilitation of the flee movement, improvement of communication and promotion of the alternative economy. The study also points out the unexpected negative consequences to limit its role as a regional cooperative engine due to the lack of consideration of the dual economic and social structure in tourism development. The special attention should be drawn to consider the limited benefits for the marginalized community, the high transaction of the social costs related with the drug tourism and sex tourism. The paper calls for more rigorous cooperative regional plans and policies to the complexity of tourism development in this region.
文摘BACKGROUND 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT is a commonly used examination method in nuclear medicine.However,patients receiving 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT have insufficient knowledge of this method and worry about the examination results.AIM To investigate the effect of teach-back health education combined with structured psychological nursing on adverse emotion and cooperation in patients undergoing 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT examination.METHODS Ninety patients undergoing 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT examinations were divided into a study group and a control group using a simple random number table,and 45 cases were allocated to each group.Routine nursing was provided to the control group,and teach-back health education combined with structured psychological nursing was provided to the study group on the basis of the control group.Heart rate,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,self-rating depression scale(SDS),and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)were assessed before and after the intervention,and examination cooperation and intervention satisfaction were assessed in the two groups before,during,and after the examination.RESULTS Before the examination,heart rate,diastolic blood pressure,and systolic blood pressure in the study group were not significantly different from the values of the control group(P>0.05).The results of the study group before and after the examination were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Before the intervention,SDS and SAS scores in the study group were not significantly different from those in the control group(P>0.05).After the intervention,SDS and SAS scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The degree of cooperation was higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate with the intervention was higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Teach-back health education combined with structured psychological nursing can help maintain the stability of blood pressure and heart rate,relieve negative emotions,and improve the satisfaction and cooperation of patients undergoing 99mTc-3PRGD2.SPECT/CT examinations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.70671079,60674050,60736022 and 60528007)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2002CB312200)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2006AA04Z258)11-5 Project (Grant No.A2120061303)
文摘We study the effect of accumulative payoff on the evolution of cooperation in the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma on a square lattice. We introduce a decaying factor for the accumulative payoff, which characterizes the extent that the historical payoff is accumulated. It is shown that for fixed values of the temptation to defect, the density of cooperators increases with the value of the decaying factor. This indicates that the more the historical payoff is involved, the more favourable cooperators become. In the critical region where the cooperator density converges to zero, cooperators vanish according to a power-law-like behaviour. The associated exponents agree approximately with the two-dimensional directed percolation and depend weakly on the value of the decaying factor.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11047012, 91024026, and 10975126)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20093402110032)
文摘Effects of inforination asymmetry on cooperation in the prisoners＇ dilemma game are investigated. The amplitude A is introduced to describe the degree of information asymmetry. It is found that there exists an optimal value of amplitude Aopt at which the fraction of cooperation reaches its maximal value. The reason lies in that cooperators on the two-dimensional grid form large clusters at Aopt. In addition, the theoretical analysis in terms of the mean- field theory is used to understand this kind of phenomenon. It is confirmed that the information asymmetry plays an important role in the dynamics of the dilemma games of spatial prisoners.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2013JBM048the China National Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos.71103148,70901007+2 种基金the SKLFS Program(HZ2010-KF02)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China under Grant Nos.20090009120014the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety under Grant Nos.RCS2009K004,RCS2010ZT005,Beijing Jiaotong University
文摘When more than one pedestrian want to move to the same site, conflicts appear and thus the involved pedestrians play a motion game. In order to describe the emergence of cooperation during the conflict resolving process, an evolutionary cellular automation model is established considering the effect of aspiration and mean gain. In each game, pedestrian may be gentle cooperator or aggressive defector. We propose a set of win-stay-lose-shrift （WSLS） like rules for updating pedestrian＇s strategy. These rules prescribe that if the mean gain of current strategy between some given steps is larger than aspiration the strategy keeps, otherwise the strategy changes. The simulation results show that a high level aspiration will lead to more cooperation. With the increment of the statistic length, pedestrians will be more rational in decision making. It is also found that when the aspiration level is small enough and the statistic length is large enough ail the pedestrian will turn to defectors. We use the prisoner＇s dilernma rnodel to explain it. At last we discuss the effect of aspiration on fundamental diagram.
基金the Open Foundation of Key Lab-oratory of Software Engineering of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.2020SE308 and 2020SE309).
文摘In the realm of public goods game,punishment,as a potent tool,stands out for fostering cooperation.While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem,the associated costs can be substantial.Punishers incur expenses in imposing sanctions,while defectors face fines.Unfortunately,these monetary elements seemingly vanish into thin air,representing a loss to the system itself.However,by virtue of the redistribution of fines to cooperators and punishers,not only can we mitigate this loss,but the rewards for these cooperative individuals can be enhanced.Based upon this premise,this paper introduces a fine distribution mechanism to the traditional pool punishment model.Under identical parameter settings,by conducting a comparative experiment with the conventional punishment model,the paper aims to investigate the impact of fine distribution on the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game.The experimental results clearly demonstrate that,in instances where the punishment cost is prohibitively high,the cooperative strategies of the traditional pool punishment model may completely collapse.However,the model enriched with fine distribution manages to sustain a considerable number of cooperative strategies,thus highlighting its effectiveness in promoting and preserving cooperation,even in the face of substantial punishment cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72031009)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20&ZD058)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72101189)。
文摘Individual decision-making processes are not solely driven by self-interest maximization but are also influenced by the pressure to conform to the group.In primary games like the prisoner's dilemma,the presence of conformity pressure may facilitate the constructive development of cooperative behavior.In this study,we investigate how conformity influences the growth of cooperation in complicated coordination games.Our findings reveal that,even in the presence of stringent game rules,conformity can promote cooperation.In fact,a certain level of conformity pressure can even eliminate the“defection basin”of deer hunting games played on regular networks.Additionally,we demonstrate that the effect of conformity on cooperative behavior is contingent upon the degree of conformity pressure,with different levels of conformity pressure producing opposite effects.These findings provide novel insights into the promotion of cooperative evolution.For instance,if increasing the reward for cooperation has proven ineffective,manipulating the proportion of initial strategy choices may be a more promising approach.
基金Supported by the Project of NECT-07-0112 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10775022 and 90921015
文摘In this work, we consider an evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma game on a homogeneous random network with the richest-following strategy adoption rule. By constructing homogeneous random networks from a regular ring graph, we investigate the effects of topologicaJ randomness on cooperation. In contrast to the ordinary view that the presence of smaJ1 amount of shortcuts in ring graphs favors cooperation, we find the cooperation inhibition by weak topological randomness. The explanations on the observations are presented.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10775022, 90921015the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘We investigate the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma game in structured populations by introducing dimers, which are defined as that two players in each dimer always hold a same strategy. We find that influences of dimets on cooperation depend on the type of dimers and the population structure. For those dimers in which players interact with each other, the cooperation level increases with the number of dimers though the cooperation improvement level depends on the type of network structures. On the other hand, the dimers, in which there are not mutual interactions, will not do any good to the cooperation level in a single community, but interestingly, will improve the cooperation level in a population with two communities. We explore the relationship between dimers and self-interactions and find that the effects of dimers are similar to that of self-interactions. Also, we find that the dimers, which are established over two communities in a multi-community network, act as one type of interaction through which information between communities is communicated by the requirement that two players in a dimer hold a same strategy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60904063 and 60673046Tianjin municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 11JCYBJC06600the Development Fund of Science and Technology for the Higher Education in Tianjin under Grant No. 20090813
文摘In this paper,we study the influence of the size of interaction neighbors(k) on the evolution of cooperation in the spatial snowdrift game.At first,we consider the effects of noise K and cost-to-benefit ratio r,the simulation results indicate that the evolution of cooperation depends on the combined action of noise and cost-to-benefit ratio.For a lower r,the cooperators are multitudinous and the cooperation frequency ultimately increases to 1 as the increase of noise.However,for a higher r,the defectors account for the majority of the game and dominate the game if the noise is large enough.Then we mainly investigate how k influences the evolution of cooperation by varying the noise in detail.We find that the frequency of cooperators is closely related to the size of neighborhood and cost-to-benefit ratio r.In the case of lower r,the augmentation of k plays no positive role in promoting the cooperation as compared with that of k = 4,while for higher r the cooperation is improved for a growing size of neighborhood.At last,based on the above discussions,we explore the cluster-forming mechanism among the cooperators.The current results are beneficial to further understand the evolution of cooperation in many natural,social and biological systems.
文摘BACKGROUND As lifestyles continue to change worldwide,the incidence of digestive tract carcinoma has gradually increased.Digestive endoscopy is an important tool that can assist in the diagnosis,treatment,and surgical intervention for this disease.However,the examination process is affected by many factors,and patient cooperation is often poor,which can increase the risk of complications.AIM To explore the effects of integrated management and cognitive intervention on cooperation and complications in patients undergoing endoscopy for early gastrointestinal neoplasms.METHODS A total of 354 patients with early stage gastrointestinal cancer who underwent digestive endoscopy procedures between January and December 2023 at our hospital were divided into observation and control groups(177 patients in each group)in a randomized controlled blind trial.The control group received routine interventions,while the observation group received comprehensive integrated management combined with cognitive interventions.We compared the changes in adverse mood,discomfort,examination time,cooperation with the examination,and complications before and after the intervention between the two groups.RESULTS The self-rated anxiety and depression scale scores were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The visual analog scale scores for discomfort during intubation and examination were also lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the examination time was shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the degree of cooperation(94.35%)was higher in the observation group than in the control group(84.75%;P<0.05).Lastly,the incidence rates of gastrointestinal adverse reactions(10.17%vs 20.34%),choking agitation(14.69%vs 24.86%),abdominal pain(8.47%vs 18.08%),and muscle tension(5.08%vs 14.12%)were all lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated management and cognitive intervention in early gastrointestinal neoplasm endoscopy alleviate mood,reduce discomfort,shorten examinations,improve cooperation,and reduce complications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61673096 and 62076057)the Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.16YJC630118)the Project of Promoting Talents in Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.XLYC1807033)。
文摘Payoff-driven strategy updating rule has always been adopted as a classic mechanism,but up to now,there have been a great many of researches on considering other forms of strategy updating rules,among which pursuing high fitness is one of the most direct and conventional motivations in the decision-making using game theory.But there are few or no researches on fitness from the perspective of others'evaluation.In view of this,we propose a new model in which the evaluation effect with fitness-driven strategy updating rule is taken into consideration,and introduce an evaluation coefficient to present the degree of others'evaluation on individual's behavior.The cooperative individuals can get positive evaluation,otherwise defective individuals get negative evaluation,and the degree of evaluation is related to the number of neighbors who have the same strategy of individual.Through numerical simulation,we find that the evaluation effect of others can enhance the network reciprocity,thus promoting the cooperation.For a strong dilemma,the higher evaluation coefficient can greatly weaken the cooperation dilemma;for a weak one,the higher evaluation coefficient can make cooperator clusters spread faster,however,there is no significant difference in the level of cooperation in the final stable state among different evaluation coefficients.The cooperation becomes more flourish as the number of fitness-driven individuals increases,when all individuals adopt fitness-driven strategy updating rule,the cooperators can quickly occupy the whole population.Besides,we demonstrate the robustness of the results on the WS small-world network,ER random network,and BA scalefree network.
基金funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan(Grant No.AP19680589).
文摘Using the software ANSYS-19.2/Explicit Dynamics,this study performedfinite-element modeling of the large-diameter steel pipeline cross-section for the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent gas pipeline with a non-through straight crack,strengthened by steel wire wrapping.The effects of the thread tensile force of the steel winding in the form of single rings at the crack edges and the wires with different winding diameters and pitches were also studied.The results showed that the strengthening was preferably executed at a minimum value of the thread tensile force,which was 6.4%more effective than that at its maximum value.The analysis of the influence of the winding dia-meters showed that the equivalent stresses increased by 32%from the beginning of the crack growth until the wire broke.The increment in winding diameter decelerated the disclosure of the edge crack and reduced its length by 8.2%.The analysis of the influence of the winding pitch showed that decreasing the distance between the winding turns also led to a 33.6%reduction in the length of the straight crack and a 7.9%reduction in the maximum stres-ses on the strengthened pipeline cross-section.The analysis of the temperature effect on the pipeline material,within a range from-40℃to+50℃,resulted in a crack length change of up to 5.8%.As the temperature dropped,the crack length decreased.Within such a temperature range,the maximum stresses were observed along the cen-tral area of the crack,which were equal to 413 MPa at+50℃and 440 MPa at-40℃.The results also showed that the presence of the steel winding in the pipeline significantly reduced the length of crack propagation up to 8.4 times,depending on the temperature effect and design parameters of prestressing.This work integrated the existing methods for crack localization along steel gas pipelines.
文摘The non-cooperative action in the social dilemma situation might, at the worst case, lead to violation of social rules （or regulations）. A repetitive N-person social dilemma game that permit the participants to change jobs between organizations （groups） and mutually interact between groups was carried out to investigate how ＂limitation for job change＂, ＂cost for job change＂, and ＂incentive （enhancement of personal career）＂ affected the cooperation. The cost for job change effectively worked for the enhancement of cooperation. When the cost for job change was not necessary, the cooperative behavior was enhanced. When the cost for job change was necessary, it tended that a non-cooperative action was selected. When the limitation and the cost for job change were imposed, and the participants were provided with the incentive for cooperation, the cooperation rate was the highest. A significant interaction between the incentive condition （enhancement of personal career） and the limitation for job change was also clarified.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0304402)。
文摘The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile testing.In-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the progressive transformation-induced plasticity process and associated fracture initiation mechanisms.These findings were discussed with the local strain measurements via digital image correlation.The results indicated that Lüders band formation in the steel was limited to 1.5%strain,which was mainly due to the early-stage martensitic phase transformation of a very small amount of the less stable large-sized retained austenite(RA),which led to localized stress concentrations and strain hardening and further retardation of yielding.The small-sized RA exhibited high stability and progressively transformed into martensite and contributed to a stably extended Portevin-Le Chatelier effect.The volume fraction of RA gradually decreased from 26.8%to 8.2%prior to fracture.In the late deformation stage,fracture initiation primarily occurred at the austenite/martensite and ferrite/martensite interfaces and the ferrite phase.
文摘In recent years, the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry under the CAS has freed itself from the stereotyped rut of conventional forms in its external intercourse while still sticking fast to upholding its strategic goal of disciplinary development. Our stress in this aspect has shifted to the pursuit of real effects and diversified forms in international S&T exchange. Our exploration features the following four characteristics:
文摘Objective: to review and analyze the influence of the two clinical measures of routine and multidisciplinary collaboration on patients' rehabilitation degree and self-care ability, and to explore the practical application effect of multidisciplinary collaboration. Methods: total sample enrollment: 72 cases;sample selection time: 2020.9 —— 2021.9, all samples were taken from the patients with acute cerebral infarction included in our hospital. Random samples were divided into two groups and used group control method to explore the practical application value by comparing the results of different nursing measures. The grouping situation was as follows: 36 patients with routine care service were set as the control group;36 patients with multidisciplinary collaborative pathway care were set as the observation group. Compare the two groups of application effects. Results: patients in the observation group had better intervention efficiency, better nerve injury recovery, better functional score, better self-care ability, and P <0.05 between groups. Conclusion: collaborative pathway nursing positively affects the ability and rehabilitation effect of acute cerebral infarction.
文摘How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreements that could lead to profound influence on low-carbon energy systems development around the Asia-Pacific region are the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) consisted of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea and the Belt and road initiative (BRI) initiated by China. In order to have a smooth transition to low-carbon energy systems in Asia, besides RCEP and BRI, it is imperative to boost private sector investment. Success of encouraging private sector investment depends on appropriate government policies towards promoting innovations and reducing financial risks to private investors. The research questions that are examined in this study are: What type of policy measures affects trade in low-carbon transition, particularly renewable energy (RE) transition? How can investment signals and incentives be reframed to scale up private finance in RE? The objective is to investigate and to provide several feasible trade policy and investment policy tools for both national and regional markets that governments could adopt to accelerate the speed of private financing of the low-carbon energy industry, particularly the RE industry.
