Numerical studies have been conducted for low- and medium-rise rocking structures to investigate their efficiency as earthquake-resisting systems in comparison with conventional structures. Several non-linear time-his...Numerical studies have been conducted for low- and medium-rise rocking structures to investigate their efficiency as earthquake-resisting systems in comparison with conventional structures. Several non-linear time-history analyses have been performed to evaluate seismic performance of selected cases at desired ground shaking levels, based on key parameters such as total and flexural story drifts and residual deformations. The Far-field record set is selected as input ground motions and median peak values of key parameters are taken as best estimates of system response. In addition, in order to evaluate the probability of exceeding relevant damage states, analytical fragility curves have been developed based on the results of the incremental dynamic analysis procedure. Small exceedance probabilities and acceptable margins against collapse, together with minor associated damages in main structural members, can be considered as superior seismic performance for medium-rise rocking systems. Low-rise rocking systems could provide significant performance improvement over their conventional counterparts notwithstanding certain weaknesses in their seismic response.展开更多
Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candi...Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candidates for transparent electrodes in semitransparent devices due to their high transparency-conductivity-efficiency merit,large-scale processability,and low cost.In this work,we develop two solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electrodes,named AgNWs-PD and AgNWsPC,utilizing AgNWs as the conductive framework and aliphatic amine-functionalized perylene-diimide(PDINN)as the sandwiched material,while AgNWs-PC exhibits significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced contact area with the underlying electron transport layer.The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.45%with an open circuit voltage of 0.846 V,a high filling factor of 75.4%,and an average visible transmittance(AVT)of 44.0%,delivering an outstanding light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 4.16%,which is the highest reported value for all solution-processed ST-OPVs.In addition,by coupling a 30-nm tellurium dioxide atop AgNWs-PC,the bifaciality factor of derivative devices improves from 73.7%to 99.4%,while maintaining a high bifacial LUE over 3.7%.Our results emphasize the superiority and effectiveness of PDINN-sandwiched AgNWs electrodes for highperformance and all solution-processed ST-OPVs.展开更多
This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples.The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data,taken from four high-dynamic tests.The str...This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples.The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data,taken from four high-dynamic tests.The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model.It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens.The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements,subjected to solar heating.A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity(RH)of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete.The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring.It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice.Overall,it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value.However,its degree varies with these examples.In any case,it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources,namely,multi-scale structural analysis,conventional structural analysis,and experiments.展开更多
基金International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology(IIEES)under the research project No.7143
文摘Numerical studies have been conducted for low- and medium-rise rocking structures to investigate their efficiency as earthquake-resisting systems in comparison with conventional structures. Several non-linear time-history analyses have been performed to evaluate seismic performance of selected cases at desired ground shaking levels, based on key parameters such as total and flexural story drifts and residual deformations. The Far-field record set is selected as input ground motions and median peak values of key parameters are taken as best estimates of system response. In addition, in order to evaluate the probability of exceeding relevant damage states, analytical fragility curves have been developed based on the results of the incremental dynamic analysis procedure. Small exceedance probabilities and acceptable margins against collapse, together with minor associated damages in main structural members, can be considered as superior seismic performance for medium-rise rocking systems. Low-rise rocking systems could provide significant performance improvement over their conventional counterparts notwithstanding certain weaknesses in their seismic response.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905137)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(15307922,C5037-18G,C4005-22Y)+1 种基金RGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme(SRFS2223-5S01)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University:Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund(8-8480)。
文摘Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candidates for transparent electrodes in semitransparent devices due to their high transparency-conductivity-efficiency merit,large-scale processability,and low cost.In this work,we develop two solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electrodes,named AgNWs-PD and AgNWsPC,utilizing AgNWs as the conductive framework and aliphatic amine-functionalized perylene-diimide(PDINN)as the sandwiched material,while AgNWs-PC exhibits significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced contact area with the underlying electron transport layer.The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.45%with an open circuit voltage of 0.846 V,a high filling factor of 75.4%,and an average visible transmittance(AVT)of 44.0%,delivering an outstanding light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 4.16%,which is the highest reported value for all solution-processed ST-OPVs.In addition,by coupling a 30-nm tellurium dioxide atop AgNWs-PC,the bifaciality factor of derivative devices improves from 73.7%to 99.4%,while maintaining a high bifacial LUE over 3.7%.Our results emphasize the superiority and effectiveness of PDINN-sandwiched AgNWs electrodes for highperformance and all solution-processed ST-OPVs.
基金Financial support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021YFE0114100)by the Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research(BMBWF)of Austria(No.CN 11/2021)+2 种基金jointly provided for the project“Intense Upgrades of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method(NATM)Demonstration of its Applicability to High-Quality Urban Development”,is gratefully acknowledged.In addition,the authors are indebted to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51908424,U1934210)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Nos.19PJ1409700,20PJ1406100)for financial support of this work.
文摘This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples.The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data,taken from four high-dynamic tests.The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model.It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens.The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements,subjected to solar heating.A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity(RH)of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete.The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring.It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice.Overall,it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value.However,its degree varies with these examples.In any case,it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources,namely,multi-scale structural analysis,conventional structural analysis,and experiments.
