A sensory stimulus can only be properly interpreted in light of the stimuli that surround it in space and time. The tilt illusion （TI） and tilt after-effect （TAE） provide good evidence that the perception of a tar...A sensory stimulus can only be properly interpreted in light of the stimuli that surround it in space and time. The tilt illusion （TI） and tilt after-effect （TAE） provide good evidence that the perception of a target depends strongly on both its spatial and temporal context. In previous studies, the TI and TAE have typically been investigated separately, so little is known about their co-effects on visual perception and information processing mechanisms. Here, we considered the influence of the spatial context and the temporal effect together and asked how center- surround context affects the TAE in foveal and para- foveal vision. Our results showed that different center-surround spatial patterns significantly affected the TAE for both foveal and para-foveal vision. In the fovea, the TAE was mainly produced by central adaptive gratings. Cross-oriented surroundings significantly inhibited the TAE, and iso-oriented surroundings slightly facilitated it; surround inhibition was much stronger than surround facilitation. In the para-fovea, the TAE was mainly decided by the surrounding patches. Likewise, a cross-oriented central patch inhibited the TAE, and an iso-oriented one facilitated it, but there was no significant difference between inhibition and facilitation. Our findings demonstrated, at the perceptual level, that our visual system adopts different mechanisms to process consistent or inconsistent central-surround orientation information and that the unequalmagnitude of surround inhibition and facilitation is vitally important for the visual system to improve the detectability or discriminability of novel or incongruent stimuli.展开更多
1 Do we need to teach pronunciation？语音教学开展是必要的吗？语音是最开放的语言特征。大多数英语教师现在明确语音教学是语言课程的重要组成部分。对语音的信心,学习者与母语者之间的互动,是学习语言非常重要的一方面。另一方面,...1 Do we need to teach pronunciation？语音教学开展是必要的吗？语音是最开放的语言特征。大多数英语教师现在明确语音教学是语言课程的重要组成部分。对语音的信心,学习者与母语者之间的互动,是学习语言非常重要的一方面。另一方面,不良的发音掩盖了其他良好的语言技能,阻碍了学习者在社会,学术和工作上取得的进步。学习者不太可能获得一种像本地人一样的发音,但是通过有效的语音教学可以大大提高他们的理解程度;因此教师提升语音教学的重要性不容置疑。展开更多
There are over two million modern English words, thus English becomes a language with the largest vocabulary in the world. Moreover, English vocabulary is constantly being renewed and enlarged with the development of ...There are over two million modern English words, thus English becomes a language with the largest vocabulary in the world. Moreover, English vocabulary is constantly being renewed and enlarged with the development of the society and advancement of science and technology. So vocabulary development becomes language learners’ top priority. Unfortunately, learning English words by rote can't guarantee that students will have a large vocabulary, let alone enable students to make practical use of the words they have learned in real life communication. So in order to arouse students’ interest in learning English as well as to help students to develop a language competence, a number of effective vocabulary teaching methods such as context teaching, teaching cultural connotation and cultural differences, teaching vocabulary with Semantic Field Theory are presented in this paper.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China ( 2013CB329401)National High Technology Development Program (863 Program) of China (2015AA020505)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91120013, 6 1375115, 3 1300912, and 31100797)the 111 Project (B12027)F undamental Research Funds for the C entral Universities of China (Z YGX2013J098)
文摘A sensory stimulus can only be properly interpreted in light of the stimuli that surround it in space and time. The tilt illusion （TI） and tilt after-effect （TAE） provide good evidence that the perception of a target depends strongly on both its spatial and temporal context. In previous studies, the TI and TAE have typically been investigated separately, so little is known about their co-effects on visual perception and information processing mechanisms. Here, we considered the influence of the spatial context and the temporal effect together and asked how center- surround context affects the TAE in foveal and para- foveal vision. Our results showed that different center-surround spatial patterns significantly affected the TAE for both foveal and para-foveal vision. In the fovea, the TAE was mainly produced by central adaptive gratings. Cross-oriented surroundings significantly inhibited the TAE, and iso-oriented surroundings slightly facilitated it; surround inhibition was much stronger than surround facilitation. In the para-fovea, the TAE was mainly decided by the surrounding patches. Likewise, a cross-oriented central patch inhibited the TAE, and an iso-oriented one facilitated it, but there was no significant difference between inhibition and facilitation. Our findings demonstrated, at the perceptual level, that our visual system adopts different mechanisms to process consistent or inconsistent central-surround orientation information and that the unequalmagnitude of surround inhibition and facilitation is vitally important for the visual system to improve the detectability or discriminability of novel or incongruent stimuli.
文摘1 Do we need to teach pronunciation？语音教学开展是必要的吗？语音是最开放的语言特征。大多数英语教师现在明确语音教学是语言课程的重要组成部分。对语音的信心,学习者与母语者之间的互动,是学习语言非常重要的一方面。另一方面,不良的发音掩盖了其他良好的语言技能,阻碍了学习者在社会,学术和工作上取得的进步。学习者不太可能获得一种像本地人一样的发音,但是通过有效的语音教学可以大大提高他们的理解程度;因此教师提升语音教学的重要性不容置疑。
文摘There are over two million modern English words, thus English becomes a language with the largest vocabulary in the world. Moreover, English vocabulary is constantly being renewed and enlarged with the development of the society and advancement of science and technology. So vocabulary development becomes language learners’ top priority. Unfortunately, learning English words by rote can't guarantee that students will have a large vocabulary, let alone enable students to make practical use of the words they have learned in real life communication. So in order to arouse students’ interest in learning English as well as to help students to develop a language competence, a number of effective vocabulary teaching methods such as context teaching, teaching cultural connotation and cultural differences, teaching vocabulary with Semantic Field Theory are presented in this paper.
