d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imita...d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.展开更多
During a toxicological test using diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) on mallards, an anaesthesia-like response was noted after oral dosing. In order to further elucidate these effects, arterial blood pressures were ...During a toxicological test using diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) on mallards, an anaesthesia-like response was noted after oral dosing. In order to further elucidate these effects, arterial blood pressures were determined both pre-and post-dosing on adit male and female mallards by cannulation of the left carotid artery. A significant decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was noted after the oral administration of DIMP. There was no significant difference in response between males and females. During the first 30 min after dosing, systolic pressure fell from an average of 158 mmHg, to 94 mmHg, diastolic decreased from 127 mmHg to 63 mmHg, and mean blood pressure dropped from 138 mmHg to 75 mmHg. However, there was no significant effect on pulse pressure, heart rate, or respiratory rate. These results are compared to physiological data cited in the literature for various CNS-acting drugs on mallards.展开更多
Biochar is a carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative material produced through thermal decomposition of plant-and animal-based biomass under oxygen-limited conditions.Recently, there has been an increasing interest in ...Biochar is a carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative material produced through thermal decomposition of plant-and animal-based biomass under oxygen-limited conditions.Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the application of biochar as an adsorbent, soil ameliorant and climate mitigation approach in many types of applications.Metal-contaminated soil remediation using biochar has been intensively investigated in small-scale and pilot-scale trials with obtained beneficial results and multifaceted effects.But so far, the study and application of biochar in contaminated sediment management has been very limited, and this is also a worldwide problem. Nonetheless, there is reason to believe that the same multiple benefits can also be realized with these sediments due to similar mechanisms for stabilizing contaminants. This paper provides a review on current biochar properties and its use as a sorbent/amendment for metal-contaminated soil/sediment remediation and its effect on plant growth, fauna habits as well as microorganism communities. In addition, the use of biochar as a potential strategy for contaminated sediment management is also discussed, especially as regards in-situ planning. Finally, we highlight the possibility of biochar application as an effective amendment and propose further research directions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of biochar as an amendment for remediation of contaminated soil and sediment.展开更多
This study conducted four cruises during 2014–2017 to investigate relationships between macrobenthic communities and sediment contaminations in sea area around the Zhoushan Archipelago.Fourteen sites were categorized...This study conducted four cruises during 2014–2017 to investigate relationships between macrobenthic communities and sediment contaminations in sea area around the Zhoushan Archipelago.Fourteen sites were categorized into three groups:high total heavy metal contamination content(HHMC),high total petroleum hydrocarbon content(HTPH),and low content ratio of heavy metal contamination content to total petroleum hydrocarbon content(HMC/TPH)areas.Four main taxa of macrofauna(polychaetes,bivalves,gastropods,and crustaceans)were determined to respond to environmental factors differently.While tolerant polychaetes being the minimal impact by environmental factors,bivalves were threated by heavy metal pollutions in sediment.Additionally,body size distribution frequency demonstrated that macrofauna in the low HMC/TPH areas were less disturbed by contamination than those in the HHMC and HTPH areas.The result represented the presentation of sensitive species while tolerant species are usually considered as small size organisms.Overall,this study confirmed the hypothesis that the contamination levels of small-scale patches is indicated by the condition of macrobenthic communities.展开更多
文摘d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.
文摘During a toxicological test using diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) on mallards, an anaesthesia-like response was noted after oral dosing. In order to further elucidate these effects, arterial blood pressures were determined both pre-and post-dosing on adit male and female mallards by cannulation of the left carotid artery. A significant decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was noted after the oral administration of DIMP. There was no significant difference in response between males and females. During the first 30 min after dosing, systolic pressure fell from an average of 158 mmHg, to 94 mmHg, diastolic decreased from 127 mmHg to 63 mmHg, and mean blood pressure dropped from 138 mmHg to 75 mmHg. However, there was no significant effect on pulse pressure, heart rate, or respiratory rate. These results are compared to physiological data cited in the literature for various CNS-acting drugs on mallards.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Beijing (No. D161100000216001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University (No. 2014KJJCB23)the Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University (No. 2014NT32)
文摘Biochar is a carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative material produced through thermal decomposition of plant-and animal-based biomass under oxygen-limited conditions.Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the application of biochar as an adsorbent, soil ameliorant and climate mitigation approach in many types of applications.Metal-contaminated soil remediation using biochar has been intensively investigated in small-scale and pilot-scale trials with obtained beneficial results and multifaceted effects.But so far, the study and application of biochar in contaminated sediment management has been very limited, and this is also a worldwide problem. Nonetheless, there is reason to believe that the same multiple benefits can also be realized with these sediments due to similar mechanisms for stabilizing contaminants. This paper provides a review on current biochar properties and its use as a sorbent/amendment for metal-contaminated soil/sediment remediation and its effect on plant growth, fauna habits as well as microorganism communities. In addition, the use of biochar as a potential strategy for contaminated sediment management is also discussed, especially as regards in-situ planning. Finally, we highlight the possibility of biochar application as an effective amendment and propose further research directions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of biochar as an amendment for remediation of contaminated soil and sediment.
基金he National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2018YFD0900901the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography+2 种基金MNR under contract No.JG1916the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under contract No.LQ19D060004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41806181。
文摘This study conducted four cruises during 2014–2017 to investigate relationships between macrobenthic communities and sediment contaminations in sea area around the Zhoushan Archipelago.Fourteen sites were categorized into three groups:high total heavy metal contamination content(HHMC),high total petroleum hydrocarbon content(HTPH),and low content ratio of heavy metal contamination content to total petroleum hydrocarbon content(HMC/TPH)areas.Four main taxa of macrofauna(polychaetes,bivalves,gastropods,and crustaceans)were determined to respond to environmental factors differently.While tolerant polychaetes being the minimal impact by environmental factors,bivalves were threated by heavy metal pollutions in sediment.Additionally,body size distribution frequency demonstrated that macrofauna in the low HMC/TPH areas were less disturbed by contamination than those in the HHMC and HTPH areas.The result represented the presentation of sensitive species while tolerant species are usually considered as small size organisms.Overall,this study confirmed the hypothesis that the contamination levels of small-scale patches is indicated by the condition of macrobenthic communities.
