The paper addresses a contact problem of the theory of elasticity,i.e.,the penetration of a circular indenter with a flat base into a soft functionally graded elastic layer.The elastic properties of a functionally gra...The paper addresses a contact problem of the theory of elasticity,i.e.,the penetration of a circular indenter with a flat base into a soft functionally graded elastic layer.The elastic properties of a functionally graded layer arbitrarily vary with depth,and the foundation is assumed to be elastic,yet much harder than a layer.Approximated analytical solution is constructed,and it is shown that the solutions are asymptotically exact both for large and small values of characteristic dimensionless geometrical parameter of the problem.Numerical examples are analyzed for the cases of monotonic and nonmonotonic variations of elastic properties.Numerical results for the case of homogeneous layer are compared with the results for nondeformable foundation.展开更多
Global minimization algorithm is indispensable for solving protein folding problems based on thermodynamic hypothesis. A contact difference （CD） based on pseudo potential function, for simulating empirical contact p...Global minimization algorithm is indispensable for solving protein folding problems based on thermodynamic hypothesis. A contact difference （CD） based on pseudo potential function, for simulating empirical contact potential functions and testing global minimization algorithm was proposed. The present article describes a conformational sampiing and global minimization algorithm, which is called WL, based on Monte Carlo simulation and simulated annealing. It can be used to locate CD＇s globe minimum and refold extended protein structures, as small as 0. 03 nm, from the native structures, back to ones with root mean square distance（RMSD）. These results demonstrate that the global minimization problems for empirical contact potential functions may be solvable.展开更多
Global minimization algorithm is indispensable to solving the protein folding problem based upon thermodynamic hypothesis. Here we propose a pseudo potential function, contact difference(CD), for simulating empirical ...Global minimization algorithm is indispensable to solving the protein folding problem based upon thermodynamic hypothesis. Here we propose a pseudo potential function, contact difference(CD), for simulating empirical contact potential functions and testing global minimization algorithm. The present paper covers conformational sampling and global minimization algorithm called BML03, based upon Monte Carlo and simulated annealing, which is able to locate CD′s global minimum and refold extended protein structures into ones with root mean square distance(RMSD) as small as 0.03 nm from the native structures. For empirical contact potential functions, these results demonstrate that their global minimization problems may be solvable.展开更多
In this article, we study the axisymmetric torsional contact problem of a half-space coated with functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) and subjected to a rigid circular punch. It is found that, along the t...In this article, we study the axisymmetric torsional contact problem of a half-space coated with functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) and subjected to a rigid circular punch. It is found that, along the thickness direction, the electromechanical properties of FGPMs change exponentially. We apply the Hankel integral transform technique and reduce the problem to a singular integral equation, and then numerically determine the unknown contact stress and electric displacement at the contact surface. The results show that the surface contact stress, surface azimuthal displacement, surface electric displacement, and inner electromechanical field are obviously dependent on the gradient index of the FGPM coating. It is found that we can adjust the gradient index of the FGPM coating to modify the distributions of the electric displacement and contact stress.展开更多
In protein molecules each residue has a different ability to form contacts.In this paper,we calculated the number of contacts per residue and investigated the distribution of residue-residue contacts from 495 globular...In protein molecules each residue has a different ability to form contacts.In this paper,we calculated the number of contacts per residue and investigated the distribution of residue-residue contacts from 495 globular protein molecules using Contacts of Structural Units(CSU)software.It was found that the probability P(n)of amino acid residues having n pairs of contacts in all contacts fits Gaussian distribution very well.The distribution function of residue-residue contacts can be expressed as:P(n)=P_0+aexp[-b(n-n_c)~2].In our calculation,P_0=-0.06,α=11.4,b=-0.04 and n_c=9.0.According to distribution function,we found that those hydrophobic(H)residues including Leu,Val,Ile,Met,Phe,Tyr,Cys,and Trp residues have large values of the most probable number of contact n_c,and hydrophilic(P)residues including Ala,Gly,Thr, His,Glu,Gln,Asp,Asn,Lys,Ser,Arg,and Pro residues have the small ones.We also compare with Fauchere-Pliska hydrophobicity scale(FPH)and the most probable number of contact n_c for 20 amino acid residues,and find that there exists a linear relationship between Fauchere-Pliska hydrophobicity scale(FPH)and the most probable number of contact n_c, and it is expressed as:n_c=a+b×FPH,here α=8.87,and b=1.15.It is important to further explain protein folding and its stability from residue-residue contacts.展开更多
Three dimensional frictional contact problems are formulated as linear complementarity problems based on the parametric variational principle. Two aggregate-functionbased algorithms for solving complementarity problem...Three dimensional frictional contact problems are formulated as linear complementarity problems based on the parametric variational principle. Two aggregate-functionbased algorithms for solving complementarity problems are proposed. One is called the self-adjusting interior point algorithm, the other is called the aggregate function smoothing algorithm. Numerical experiment shows the efficiency of the proposed two algorithms.展开更多
The equation of state(EOS) for hard-sphere fluid derived from compressibility routes of Percus-Yevick theory(PYC) is extended. The two parameters are determined by fitting well-known virial coefficients of pure fluid....The equation of state(EOS) for hard-sphere fluid derived from compressibility routes of Percus-Yevick theory(PYC) is extended. The two parameters are determined by fitting well-known virial coefficients of pure fluid.The extended cubic EOS can be directly extended to multi-component mixtures, merely demanding the EOS of mixtures also is cubic and combining two physical conditions for the radial distribution functions at contact(RDFC) of mixtures.The calculated virial coefficients of pure fluid and predicted compressibility factors and RDFC for both pure fluid and mixtures are excellent as compared with the simulation data. The values of RDFC for mixtures with extremely large size ratio 10 are far better than the BGHLL expressions in literature.展开更多
A new area function is introduced and applied to a Berkovich tip in order tocharacterize the contact projected area between an indenter and indented material. The function canbe related directly to tip-rounding, there...A new area function is introduced and applied to a Berkovich tip in order tocharacterize the contact projected area between an indenter and indented material. The function canbe related directly to tip-rounding, thereby having obviously physical meaning. Nanoindentationexperiments are performed on a commercial Nano Indenter XP^R system. The other two area functionsintroduced by Oliver and Pharr and by Thurn and Cook respectively are involved in this paper forcomparison. By comparison from experimental results among different area functions, the indenter tipdescribed by the proposed area function here is very close to the experimental indenter.展开更多
A line contact model of elastic coated solids is presented based on the influence coefficients(ICs) of surface displacement and stresses of coating-substrate system and the traditional contact model. The ICs of displa...A line contact model of elastic coated solids is presented based on the influence coefficients(ICs) of surface displacement and stresses of coating-substrate system and the traditional contact model. The ICs of displacement and stresses are obtained from their corresponding frequency response functions(FRF) by using a conversion method based on fast Fourier transformation(FFT). The contact pressure and the stress field in the subsurface are obtained by employing conjugate gradient method(CGM) and discrete convolution fast Fourier transformation(DC-FFT). Comparison of the contact pressure and subsurface stresses obtained by the numerical method with the exact analytical solutions for Hertz contact is conducted, and the results show that the numerical solution has a very high accuracy and verify the validity of the contact model. The effect of the stiffness and thickness of coatings is further numerically studied. The result shows that the effects on contact pressure and contact width are opposite for hard and soft coatings and are intensified with the increase of coating thickness; the locations of crack initiation and propagation are different for soft and hard coatings; the risk of cracks and delaminations of coatings can be brought down by improving the lubrication condition or optimizing the non-dimensional parameter h/bh. This research offers a tool to numerically analyze the problem of elastic coated solids in line contact and make the blindness and randomness of trial-type coating design less.展开更多
In this paper, two types of silicon（Si） particles ball-milled from n-type Si wafers, respectively, with resistivity values of 1 Ω·cm and 0.001 Ω·cm are deposited with silver（Ag）. The Ag-deposited n-typ...In this paper, two types of silicon（Si） particles ball-milled from n-type Si wafers, respectively, with resistivity values of 1 Ω·cm and 0.001 Ω·cm are deposited with silver（Ag）. The Ag-deposited n-type 1-Ω·cm Si particles（nl-Ag） and Ag-deposited n-type 0.001-Ω·cm Si particles（n0.001-Ag） are separately used as an anode material to assemble coin cells,of which the electrochemical performances are investigated. For the matching of work function between n-type 1-Ω·cm Si（nl） and Ag, nl-Ag shows discharge specific capacity of up to 683 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 8.4 A·g^-1, which is40% higher than that of n0.001-Ag. Furthermore, the resistivity of nl-Ag is lower than half that of n0.001-Ag. Due to the mismatch of work function between n-type 0.001-Ω·cm Si（n0.001） and Ag, the discharge specific capacity of n0.001-Ag is 250.2 mAh·g^-1 lower than that of nl-Ag after 100 cycles.展开更多
Two kinds of contact problems, i.e., the frictional contact problem and the adhesive contact problem, in three-dimensional （3D） icosahedral quasicrystals are dis- cussed by a complex variable function method. For th...Two kinds of contact problems, i.e., the frictional contact problem and the adhesive contact problem, in three-dimensional （3D） icosahedral quasicrystals are dis- cussed by a complex variable function method. For the frictional contact problem, the contact stress exhibits power singularities at the edge of the contact zone. For the adhe- sive contact problem, the contact stress exhibits oscillatory singularities at the edge of the contact zone. The numerical examples show that for the two kinds of contact problems, the contact stress exhibits singularities, and reaches the maximum value at the edge of the contact zone. The phonon-phason coupling constant has a significant effect on the contact stress intensity, while has little impact on the contact stress distribution regu- lation. The results are consistent with those of the classical elastic materials when the phonon-phason coupling constant is 0. For the adhesive contact problem, the indentation force has positive correlation with the contact displacement, but the phonon-phason cou- pling constant impact is barely perceptible. The validity of the conclusions is verified.展开更多
To obtain thermal contact resistance（TCR） between the vertical double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor（VDMOS） and the heat sink, we derived the relationship between the total thermal resistance and the contact f...To obtain thermal contact resistance（TCR） between the vertical double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor（VDMOS） and the heat sink, we derived the relationship between the total thermal resistance and the contact force imposed on the VDMOS. The total thermal resistance from the chip to the heat sink is measured under different contact forces, and the TCR can be extracted nondestructively from the derived relationship. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results.展开更多
The Lieb-Liniger model is a prototypical integrable model and has been turned into the benchmark physics in theoretical and numerical investigations of low-dimensional quantum systems. In this note, we present various...The Lieb-Liniger model is a prototypical integrable model and has been turned into the benchmark physics in theoretical and numerical investigations of low-dimensional quantum systems. In this note, we present various methods for calculating local and nonlocal M-particle correlation functions, momentum distribution, and static structure factor. In particular, using the Bethe ansatz wave function of the strong coupling Lieb-Liniger model, we analytically calculate the two-point correlation function, the large moment tail of the momentum distribution, and the static structure factor of the model in terms of the fractional statistical parameter a = 1 - 2/γ, where γ, is the dimensionless interaction strength. We also discuss the Tan＇s adiabatic relation and other universal relations for the strongly repulsive Lieb-Liniger model in terms of the fractional statistical parameter.展开更多
Typical Hall plates for practical magnetic field sensing purposes are plane, simply-connected regions with peripheral contacts. Their output voltage is the sum of even and odd functions of the applied magnetic field. ...Typical Hall plates for practical magnetic field sensing purposes are plane, simply-connected regions with peripheral contacts. Their output voltage is the sum of even and odd functions of the applied magnetic field. They are commonly called offset and Hall voltage. Contemporary smart Hall sensor circuits extract the Hall voltage via spinning current Hall probe schemes, thereby cancelling out the offset very efficiently. The magnetic field response of such Hall plates can be computed via the electric potential or via the stream function. Conversely, Hall plates with holes show new phenomena: 1) the stream function exists only for a limited class of multiply-connected domains, and 2) a sub-class of 1) behaves like a Hall/Anti-Hall bar configuration, i.e., no Hall voltage appears between any two points on the hole boundary if current contacts are on their outer boundary. The paper studies the requirements under which these effects occur. Canonical cases of simply and doubly connected domains are computed analytically. The focus is on 2D multiply-connected Hall plates where all boundaries are insulating and where all current contacts are point sized.展开更多
Character of contract pressure distribution between the outside surface of the sealing material and rigid cylinder wall depending on geometrical sizes and mechanical properties of a sealer under its unilateral compres...Character of contract pressure distribution between the outside surface of the sealing material and rigid cylinder wall depending on geometrical sizes and mechanical properties of a sealer under its unilateral compression, is defined. The magnitude of the axial load for achieving tightness is determined. The dependence between the magnitude of the axial load necessary for achieving tightness and geometrical sizes is determined. It is shown that with a decrease in the height of the sealing element, the axial load necessary for achieving tightness greatly increases. Threshold height of the sealer, above which contact pressure depends little on the magnitude of the axial load, is defined. The stress-strain state of the sealing element is defined with regard to viscous-elastic properties of its material. It is shown that this greatly influences its sealing ability.展开更多
The jugular venous pulse (JVP) waveform provides an insight into right heart function, and its assessment is important in patients with heart failure. However, the conventional pulse-transducer (contact) method for mo...The jugular venous pulse (JVP) waveform provides an insight into right heart function, and its assessment is important in patients with heart failure. However, the conventional pulse-transducer (contact) method for monitoring this waveform is not frequently used because it requires a high degree of skill. The aim of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of a prototype non-contact system that employs microwave radar (24 GHz, 7 mW;non-contact system) for JVP measurement. Experiments were conducted on eight healthy male volunteers (21.88 ± 0.99 years). JVP measurements were compared between the conventional contact method and the proposed non-contact method. Change in JVP waveform was measured in response to an angle of reclining in five steps from the supine position to 75<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> of elevation. The obtained JVP measurements were similar between the two methods. Because in the non-contact method the faint pulsation of the JVP is not suppressed by the pressure of a sensor placed on the skin, the prototype microwave radar system is particularly suitable for evaluating the JVP waveform.展开更多
基金supports of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (11.519.11.3028,14.B37.21.1131,14.B7.21.1632)Russian Foundation of Basic Research (11-08-91168-GFEN a)
文摘The paper addresses a contact problem of the theory of elasticity,i.e.,the penetration of a circular indenter with a flat base into a soft functionally graded elastic layer.The elastic properties of a functionally graded layer arbitrarily vary with depth,and the foundation is assumed to be elastic,yet much harder than a layer.Approximated analytical solution is constructed,and it is shown that the solutions are asymptotically exact both for large and small values of characteristic dimensionless geometrical parameter of the problem.Numerical examples are analyzed for the cases of monotonic and nonmonotonic variations of elastic properties.Numerical results for the case of homogeneous layer are compared with the results for nondeformable foundation.
文摘Global minimization algorithm is indispensable for solving protein folding problems based on thermodynamic hypothesis. A contact difference （CD） based on pseudo potential function, for simulating empirical contact potential functions and testing global minimization algorithm was proposed. The present article describes a conformational sampiing and global minimization algorithm, which is called WL, based on Monte Carlo simulation and simulated annealing. It can be used to locate CD＇s globe minimum and refold extended protein structures, as small as 0. 03 nm, from the native structures, back to ones with root mean square distance（RMSD）. These results demonstrate that the global minimization problems for empirical contact potential functions may be solvable.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30 2 4 0 0 16)
文摘Global minimization algorithm is indispensable to solving the protein folding problem based upon thermodynamic hypothesis. Here we propose a pseudo potential function, contact difference(CD), for simulating empirical contact potential functions and testing global minimization algorithm. The present paper covers conformational sampling and global minimization algorithm called BML03, based upon Monte Carlo and simulated annealing, which is able to locate CD′s global minimum and refold extended protein structures into ones with root mean square distance(RMSD) as small as 0.03 nm from the native structures. For empirical contact potential functions, these results demonstrate that their global minimization problems may be solvable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11272040, 11322218)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant 2016YJS113)
文摘In this article, we study the axisymmetric torsional contact problem of a half-space coated with functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) and subjected to a rigid circular punch. It is found that, along the thickness direction, the electromechanical properties of FGPMs change exponentially. We apply the Hankel integral transform technique and reduce the problem to a singular integral equation, and then numerically determine the unknown contact stress and electric displacement at the contact surface. The results show that the surface contact stress, surface azimuthal displacement, surface electric displacement, and inner electromechanical field are obviously dependent on the gradient index of the FGPM coating. It is found that we can adjust the gradient index of the FGPM coating to modify the distributions of the electric displacement and contact stress.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC(Nos.20174036,and 20274040)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(10102)the Science Technology Development Plan of Wenzhou City(No.S2002A014)
文摘In protein molecules each residue has a different ability to form contacts.In this paper,we calculated the number of contacts per residue and investigated the distribution of residue-residue contacts from 495 globular protein molecules using Contacts of Structural Units(CSU)software.It was found that the probability P(n)of amino acid residues having n pairs of contacts in all contacts fits Gaussian distribution very well.The distribution function of residue-residue contacts can be expressed as:P(n)=P_0+aexp[-b(n-n_c)~2].In our calculation,P_0=-0.06,α=11.4,b=-0.04 and n_c=9.0.According to distribution function,we found that those hydrophobic(H)residues including Leu,Val,Ile,Met,Phe,Tyr,Cys,and Trp residues have large values of the most probable number of contact n_c,and hydrophilic(P)residues including Ala,Gly,Thr, His,Glu,Gln,Asp,Asn,Lys,Ser,Arg,and Pro residues have the small ones.We also compare with Fauchere-Pliska hydrophobicity scale(FPH)and the most probable number of contact n_c for 20 amino acid residues,and find that there exists a linear relationship between Fauchere-Pliska hydrophobicity scale(FPH)and the most probable number of contact n_c, and it is expressed as:n_c=a+b×FPH,here α=8.87,and b=1.15.It is important to further explain protein folding and its stability from residue-residue contacts.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science foundation of china(10225212,50178016.10302007)the National Kev Basic Research Special Foundation and the Ministry of Education of China
文摘Three dimensional frictional contact problems are formulated as linear complementarity problems based on the parametric variational principle. Two aggregate-functionbased algorithms for solving complementarity problems are proposed. One is called the self-adjusting interior point algorithm, the other is called the aggregate function smoothing algorithm. Numerical experiment shows the efficiency of the proposed two algorithms.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics under Grant No.9140C670103120C6702the Program for Excellent Talents of Sichuan Province of China under Grant No.2011JQ0053University Electronic Science and Technology of China under Grant No.23601008
文摘The equation of state(EOS) for hard-sphere fluid derived from compressibility routes of Percus-Yevick theory(PYC) is extended. The two parameters are determined by fitting well-known virial coefficients of pure fluid.The extended cubic EOS can be directly extended to multi-component mixtures, merely demanding the EOS of mixtures also is cubic and combining two physical conditions for the radial distribution functions at contact(RDFC) of mixtures.The calculated virial coefficients of pure fluid and predicted compressibility factors and RDFC for both pure fluid and mixtures are excellent as compared with the simulation data. The values of RDFC for mixtures with extremely large size ratio 10 are far better than the BGHLL expressions in literature.
文摘A new area function is introduced and applied to a Berkovich tip in order tocharacterize the contact projected area between an indenter and indented material. The function canbe related directly to tip-rounding, thereby having obviously physical meaning. Nanoindentationexperiments are performed on a commercial Nano Indenter XP^R system. The other two area functionsintroduced by Oliver and Pharr and by Thurn and Cook respectively are involved in this paper forcomparison. By comparison from experimental results among different area functions, the indenter tipdescribed by the proposed area function here is very close to the experimental indenter.
基金Project(2013CB632305)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51375108)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A line contact model of elastic coated solids is presented based on the influence coefficients(ICs) of surface displacement and stresses of coating-substrate system and the traditional contact model. The ICs of displacement and stresses are obtained from their corresponding frequency response functions(FRF) by using a conversion method based on fast Fourier transformation(FFT). The contact pressure and the stress field in the subsurface are obtained by employing conjugate gradient method(CGM) and discrete convolution fast Fourier transformation(DC-FFT). Comparison of the contact pressure and subsurface stresses obtained by the numerical method with the exact analytical solutions for Hertz contact is conducted, and the results show that the numerical solution has a very high accuracy and verify the validity of the contact model. The effect of the stiffness and thickness of coatings is further numerically studied. The result shows that the effects on contact pressure and contact width are opposite for hard and soft coatings and are intensified with the increase of coating thickness; the locations of crack initiation and propagation are different for soft and hard coatings; the risk of cracks and delaminations of coatings can be brought down by improving the lubrication condition or optimizing the non-dimensional parameter h/bh. This research offers a tool to numerically analyze the problem of elastic coated solids in line contact and make the blindness and randomness of trial-type coating design less.
基金Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M592115)the Jiangxi Postdoctoral Foundation,China(Grant No.2015KY12)+1 种基金the Fund from the Jiangxi Provincial Education Department,China(Grant No.150184)the Fund from Nanchang University,China(Grant No.CX2017006)
文摘In this paper, two types of silicon（Si） particles ball-milled from n-type Si wafers, respectively, with resistivity values of 1 Ω·cm and 0.001 Ω·cm are deposited with silver（Ag）. The Ag-deposited n-type 1-Ω·cm Si particles（nl-Ag） and Ag-deposited n-type 0.001-Ω·cm Si particles（n0.001-Ag） are separately used as an anode material to assemble coin cells,of which the electrochemical performances are investigated. For the matching of work function between n-type 1-Ω·cm Si（nl） and Ag, nl-Ag shows discharge specific capacity of up to 683 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 8.4 A·g^-1, which is40% higher than that of n0.001-Ag. Furthermore, the resistivity of nl-Ag is lower than half that of n0.001-Ag. Due to the mismatch of work function between n-type 0.001-Ω·cm Si（n0.001） and Ag, the discharge specific capacity of n0.001-Ag is 250.2 mAh·g^-1 lower than that of nl-Ag after 100 cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11362018,11261045,and 11261401)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20116401110002)
文摘Two kinds of contact problems, i.e., the frictional contact problem and the adhesive contact problem, in three-dimensional （3D） icosahedral quasicrystals are dis- cussed by a complex variable function method. For the frictional contact problem, the contact stress exhibits power singularities at the edge of the contact zone. For the adhe- sive contact problem, the contact stress exhibits oscillatory singularities at the edge of the contact zone. The numerical examples show that for the two kinds of contact problems, the contact stress exhibits singularities, and reaches the maximum value at the edge of the contact zone. The phonon-phason coupling constant has a significant effect on the contact stress intensity, while has little impact on the contact stress distribution regu- lation. The results are consistent with those of the classical elastic materials when the phonon-phason coupling constant is 0. For the adhesive contact problem, the indentation force has positive correlation with the contact displacement, but the phonon-phason cou- pling constant impact is barely perceptible. The validity of the conclusions is verified.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61204081)
文摘To obtain thermal contact resistance（TCR） between the vertical double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor（VDMOS） and the heat sink, we derived the relationship between the total thermal resistance and the contact force imposed on the VDMOS. The total thermal resistance from the chip to the heat sink is measured under different contact forces, and the TCR can be extracted nondestructively from the derived relationship. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11374331 and 11534014)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304500)partially supported by CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship for International PhD Students
文摘The Lieb-Liniger model is a prototypical integrable model and has been turned into the benchmark physics in theoretical and numerical investigations of low-dimensional quantum systems. In this note, we present various methods for calculating local and nonlocal M-particle correlation functions, momentum distribution, and static structure factor. In particular, using the Bethe ansatz wave function of the strong coupling Lieb-Liniger model, we analytically calculate the two-point correlation function, the large moment tail of the momentum distribution, and the static structure factor of the model in terms of the fractional statistical parameter a = 1 - 2/γ, where γ, is the dimensionless interaction strength. We also discuss the Tan＇s adiabatic relation and other universal relations for the strongly repulsive Lieb-Liniger model in terms of the fractional statistical parameter.
文摘Typical Hall plates for practical magnetic field sensing purposes are plane, simply-connected regions with peripheral contacts. Their output voltage is the sum of even and odd functions of the applied magnetic field. They are commonly called offset and Hall voltage. Contemporary smart Hall sensor circuits extract the Hall voltage via spinning current Hall probe schemes, thereby cancelling out the offset very efficiently. The magnetic field response of such Hall plates can be computed via the electric potential or via the stream function. Conversely, Hall plates with holes show new phenomena: 1) the stream function exists only for a limited class of multiply-connected domains, and 2) a sub-class of 1) behaves like a Hall/Anti-Hall bar configuration, i.e., no Hall voltage appears between any two points on the hole boundary if current contacts are on their outer boundary. The paper studies the requirements under which these effects occur. Canonical cases of simply and doubly connected domains are computed analytically. The focus is on 2D multiply-connected Hall plates where all boundaries are insulating and where all current contacts are point sized.
文摘Character of contract pressure distribution between the outside surface of the sealing material and rigid cylinder wall depending on geometrical sizes and mechanical properties of a sealer under its unilateral compression, is defined. The magnitude of the axial load for achieving tightness is determined. The dependence between the magnitude of the axial load necessary for achieving tightness and geometrical sizes is determined. It is shown that with a decrease in the height of the sealing element, the axial load necessary for achieving tightness greatly increases. Threshold height of the sealer, above which contact pressure depends little on the magnitude of the axial load, is defined. The stress-strain state of the sealing element is defined with regard to viscous-elastic properties of its material. It is shown that this greatly influences its sealing ability.
文摘The jugular venous pulse (JVP) waveform provides an insight into right heart function, and its assessment is important in patients with heart failure. However, the conventional pulse-transducer (contact) method for monitoring this waveform is not frequently used because it requires a high degree of skill. The aim of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of a prototype non-contact system that employs microwave radar (24 GHz, 7 mW;non-contact system) for JVP measurement. Experiments were conducted on eight healthy male volunteers (21.88 ± 0.99 years). JVP measurements were compared between the conventional contact method and the proposed non-contact method. Change in JVP waveform was measured in response to an angle of reclining in five steps from the supine position to 75<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> of elevation. The obtained JVP measurements were similar between the two methods. Because in the non-contact method the faint pulsation of the JVP is not suppressed by the pressure of a sensor placed on the skin, the prototype microwave radar system is particularly suitable for evaluating the JVP waveform.
