To advance intelligent construction,standards must come first.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has issued the List for Replicable Experience and Practices for Developing Intelligent Construction fou...To advance intelligent construction,standards must come first.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has issued the List for Replicable Experience and Practices for Developing Intelligent Construction four times successively and the Technical Guidelines for Intelligent Construction(Trial).展开更多
The discharge of micro-polluted water from sources such as agricultural runoff,urban stormwater,and treated effluents presents significant challenges to aquatic ecosystems.Constructed wetlands(CWs)have gained recog-ni...The discharge of micro-polluted water from sources such as agricultural runoff,urban stormwater,and treated effluents presents significant challenges to aquatic ecosystems.Constructed wetlands(CWs)have gained recog-nition as an eco-friendly solution for removing pollutants from various wastewater sources and are increasingly applied for micro-polluted water treatment.By reviewing 78 full-scale CW studies from Web of Science,it is summarized that the ranges of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)concentrations in runoff,wastewater treatment plant effluent and polluted river were 0.1–6.6,0.3–12.3,and 0.2–41.1 mg/L,respectively.The ranges of ni-trate nitrogen concentrations were 0.2–14.2,0–5.7,and 0–2.6 mg/L,respectively.Removal efficiencies of CWs for micro-polluted water varied by CW types.The total nitrogen removal efficiencies for subsurface-flow CWs,free-water surface-flow CWs,and hybrid CWs ranged from 27.4%to 66.5%,16.8%to 89.8%,and 19.4%to 88.2%,respectively.The NH4+-N removal efficiencies ranged from 34.2%to 73.6%,38.4%to 89.4%and 13.5%to 94.2%,respectively.Additionally,other factors influencing contaminant removal efficiency such as hydraulic retention time,vegetation types,redox micro-environment and influent water quality were evaluated.Based on these findings,two strategies for improving the purification performance of CWs were proposed:the selection of incorporating electron donor substrates and the optimization of operation parameters.This paper serves as a synthesis of information to guide future research and full-scale CW applications in micro-polluted water treatment.展开更多
Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,...Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,its feasibility has not been fully explored.This study uses data envelopment analysis and the analytic hierarchy process to establish a development potential index,covering technical efficiency,economic cost,application sce-narios,and charging time and range,with an empirical analysis conducted in Beijing.The findings indicated the high feasibility of replacing OCM with electric alternatives,especially within the low-power range.Based on 2023 registered coding dat1,it is projected that by 2030,electrification could reduce regional average con-centrations of CO,NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and VOCs by 12.2%to 56.4%and reduce CO_(2) by 11.7%to 56.9%.Owing to economic considerations,small-and medium-sized machinery are particularly feasible for electrification.Key recommendations include prioritizing the electrification of forklifts,lifting platforms,and small-sized machinery in high-emission areas,particularly in central urban districts.Policies such as carbon taxes,carbon markets,and performance grading systems are suggested to incentivize electrification,along with expanding high-emission restriction zones and improving energy infrastructure to support widespread electrification.展开更多
Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key fac...Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key factors in anammox bacteria enrichment.This study investigated the mechanisms driving anammox bacteria enrichment in lab-scale simulated CWs treating high-nitrogen wastewater,focusing on bacterial community re-sponses across wetland layers with various strategies,including continuous up-flow influent,nitrogen loading increase,effluent recirculation,intermittent influent,and anammox bacteria inoculation.Results showed that total relative and absolute abundances of anammox bacteria ranged from 0.77%to 12.50%and from 0.13 to 6.46×10^(7) copies/g,respectively.Dissolved oxygen and pH had significant positive correlations with the absolute abundance of anammox bacteria,while organic matter and nitrate negatively impacted their relative abundance.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that spatial heterogeneity explained more variation in anammox bacteria abundance(43.44%)compared to operational strategies(8.58%).In terms of microbial interactions,60 dominant species exhibited potential correlations with anammox bacteria,comprising 170 interactions(105 positive and 65 negative),which suggested that anammox bacteria generally foster cooperative relationships with dominant bacteria.Notably,significant interspecies interactions were observed between Candidatus Kuenenia(dominant anammox bacteria in CWs)and species within the genera Chitinivibrio-nia and Anaerolineaceae,suggesting that microbial interactions primarily manifest as indirect facilitative effects rather than direct mutualistic relationships.Given that the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio in CWs were<50%,this study inferred that environmental gradients have greater influence on anammox bacteria than microbial interactions.展开更多
There is an urgent need to investigate the distinct performance and mechanism of traditional constructed wetland(CW),microbial fuel cells-constructed wetland(MFC-CW)and direct-enchanced constructed wetland(EC-CW)for a...There is an urgent need to investigate the distinct performance and mechanism of traditional constructed wetland(CW),microbial fuel cells-constructed wetland(MFC-CW)and direct-enchanced constructed wetland(EC-CW)for antibiotics removal.To address this issues,three kinds of CWs were bulit and distinct performance and mechanism for levofloxacin(LVFX)removal was expored in this study.MFC-CW,EC-CW achieved high LVFX removal efficiencies compared with traditional constructed wetland(96.0%in MFC-CW,95.0%in EC-CW and 91.2%in CW)and the biodegradation was the key contributor(90.7%-95.3%).MFC-CW is better capable to stimulate microbial activity and strengthen the removal effect of LVFX.MFC-CW performed well in reducing the effluent's ecotoxicity(dehydrogenase activity)and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).ARGs were mainly distributed in the anode region of MFC-CW while accumulating in the cathode region of EC-CW.Atribacteria,Chlorobi,Synergistetes and Firmicutes significicant effect on the efficiencies of TN,NH_(4)^(+),and LVFX.The core node for microbial community interaction in CW was only Pseudomonas in Proteobacteria(OTU4537).While MFC-CW included Opitutae_vadin HA64(OTU3153)in Verrucomicrobia,Desulfomicrobium(OTU3629)in Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria Gaiellales(OTU4206),and EC-CW included Mesotoga(OTU1104)in Thermotogae,Syntrophus(OTU3207)in Proteobacteria and Emticicia(OTU3788)in Bacteroidetes.MFC-CW and EC-CW increased the abundance of critical microbial communities,and the microbial communities were more closely related.This study improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhancement of CW by the two bioelectrochemical methods.展开更多
The advent of parametric design has resulted in a marked increase in the complexity of building.Unfortunately,traditional construction methods make it difficult to meet the needs.Therefore,construction robots have bec...The advent of parametric design has resulted in a marked increase in the complexity of building.Unfortunately,traditional construction methods make it difficult to meet the needs.Therefore,construction robots have become a pivotal production tool in this context.Since the arm span of a single robot usually does not exceed 3 meters,it is not competent for producing large-scale building components.Accordingly,the extension of the robot,s working range is often achieved by external axes.Nevertheless,the coupling control of external axes and robots and their kinematic solution have become key challenges.The primary technical difficulties include customized construction robots,automatic solutions for external axes,fixed axis joints,and specific motion mode control.This paper proposes solutions to these difficulties,introduces the relevant basic concepts and algorithms in detail,and encapsulates these robotics principles and algorithm processes into the Grasshopper plug-in commonly used by architects to form the FURobot software platform.This platform effectively solves the above problems,lowers the threshold for architects,and improves production efficiency.The effectiveness of the algorithm and software in this paper is verified through simulation experiments.展开更多
Taking modern indoor building construction as an example,this study analyzes the path planning and navigation of a smart plastering robot.It includes a basic introduction to smart plastering robots,an analysis of mult...Taking modern indoor building construction as an example,this study analyzes the path planning and navigation of a smart plastering robot.It includes a basic introduction to smart plastering robots,an analysis of multi-sensor fusion localization algorithms for smart plastering robots,and an analysis of path planning and navigation functions for smart plastering robots.It is hoped that through this analysis,a reference is provided for the path planning and navigation design of such robots to meet their practical application needs.展开更多
Construction work is an important component of social development,and its safety management is crucial for the protection of employees’lives,the efficient development of enterprises,and the social harmony and stabili...Construction work is an important component of social development,and its safety management is crucial for the protection of employees’lives,the efficient development of enterprises,and the social harmony and stability.Therefore,this paper explores the risk identification,risk estimation,risk evaluation,and control strategies of construction sites.It analyzes the research progress,current issues that need optimization,and future development directions,aiming to provide insights for the development of risk evaluation in construction sites.展开更多
Professional and trade skills are required for handling the construction related projects;Construction industries of the present day however lack useful information concerning different practices,patterns and trends i...Professional and trade skills are required for handling the construction related projects;Construction industries of the present day however lack useful information concerning different practices,patterns and trends involved in risk management.Considering this,the present study focuses on the aforementioned variables of risk management by quantitative analysis specifically in the domain of construction industry.This study has used IBM’s SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences)version 25.0 to analyze the results.This study is an initiative to assess the impact of risk management in the construction sector of Jordan.It will assist the construction sector for exploring the limitations with respect to integrate effective risk management.A sense of competition will be developed through a comparison of risk factors of construction projects among the project stakeholders such as contractors should enhance their risk management practices.展开更多
In the process of cultural and tourism project construction,intelligent construction technology has gradually shown strong advantages.The effective application of this technology not only greatly improves the construc...In the process of cultural and tourism project construction,intelligent construction technology has gradually shown strong advantages.The effective application of this technology not only greatly improves the construction efficiency and quality of cultural and tourism projects,but also effectively controls construction costs,laying a solid foundation for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of the cultural and tourism industry.The article analyzes the current situation of cultural and tourism project construction,proposes the advantages of intelligent construction and its application in the construction mode of cultural and tourism projects,aiming to provide reliable guidance for the sustainable development of cultural and tourism projects.展开更多
The basement was located at the bottom of the building,which not only affected the quality of the whole construction project but also had special requirements for construction technology and construction requirements....The basement was located at the bottom of the building,which not only affected the quality of the whole construction project but also had special requirements for construction technology and construction requirements.In modern times,with the increasing height of the building,the pressure on the ground has grown,and the demands for basements in construction projects have also steadily increased.With the development of modern technology,various construction techniques for basements emerged within the construction industry.Thus,this paper analyses the type of basement floor construction technologies,highlighting the application of these methods,and points out critical issues to consider.By examining frequent basement leakage problems,the paper proposed several measures to improve the quality if basement construction,aiming to better protect the service life of the building and further improve overall quality,and offering valuable insights for future projects.展开更多
This article analyzes the application strategies of Building Information Modeling(BIM)support technology in a first-class highway reconstruction and expansion project based on its actual situation.According to the bas...This article analyzes the application strategies of Building Information Modeling(BIM)support technology in a first-class highway reconstruction and expansion project based on its actual situation.According to the basic situation of BIM technology and its application goals in this project,it explores application strategies such as BIM model construction,BIM prefabricated structural model deepening and schedule simulation,BIM collision detection,and BIM tunnel pre-construction simulation.Through this analysis,it is hoped to provide a reference for the rational application of BIM support technology and ensure the high-quality and efficient completion of first-class highway reconstruction and expansion projects.展开更多
To fully leverage the advantages of mechanization and informatization in tunnel boring machine(TBM)operations,the authors aim to promote the advancement of tunnel construction technology toward intelligent development...To fully leverage the advantages of mechanization and informatization in tunnel boring machine(TBM)operations,the authors aim to promote the advancement of tunnel construction technology toward intelligent development.This involved exploring the deep integration of next-generation artificial intelligence technologies,such as sensing technology,automatic control technology,big data technology,deep learning,and machine vision,with key operational processes,including TBM excavation,direction adjustment,step changes,inverted arch block assembly,material transportation,and operation status assurance.The results of this integration are summarized as follows.(1)TBM key excavation parameter prediction algorithm was developed with an accuracy rate exceeding 90%.The TBM intelligent step-change control algorithm,based on machine vision,achieved an image segmentation accuracy rate of 95%and gripper shoe positioning error of±5 mm.(2)An automatic positioning system for inverted arch blocks was developed,enabling real-time perception of the spatial position and deviation during the assembly process.The system maintains an elevation positioning deviation within±3 mm and a horizontal positioning deviation within±10 mm,reducing the number of surveyors in each work team.(3)A TBM intelligent rail transportation system that achieves real-time human-machine positioning,automatic switch opening and closing,automatic obstacle avoidance,intelligent transportation planning,and integrated scheduling and command was designed.Each locomotive formation reduces one shunter and improves comprehensive transportation efficiency by more than 20%.(4)Intelligent analysis and prediction algorithms were developed to monitor and predict the trends of the hydraulic and gear oil parameters in real time,enhancing the proactive maintenance and system reliability.展开更多
Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.T...Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.To contribute to a better understanding of the state of the art of smart techniques for engineering projects,this paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)techniques,intelligent techniques,and their applications in CEM.First,a comprehensive framework detailing smart technologies for construction projects is developed.Next,the characteristics of CEM are summarized.A bibliometric review is then conducted to investigate the keywords,journals,and clusters related to the application of smart techniques in CEM during 2000-2022.Recent advancements in intelligent techniques are also discussed under the following six topics:①big data technology;②computer vision;③speech recognition;④natural language processing;⑤machine learning;and⑥knowledge representation,understanding,and reasoning.The applications of smart techniques are then illustrated via underground space exploitation.Finally,future research directions for the sustainable development of smart construction are highlighted.展开更多
Zeolite-loaded noble metal catalysts have demonstrated excellent performance in addressing cold-start automotive exhaust NOx emissions and catalytic oxidation of VOCs applications.Pd and Pt are the most commonly used ...Zeolite-loaded noble metal catalysts have demonstrated excellent performance in addressing cold-start automotive exhaust NOx emissions and catalytic oxidation of VOCs applications.Pd and Pt are the most commonly used active metals in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively.However,despite the same metal/zeolite composition,the efficient active sites for PNA and VOC catalysts have been viewed as mainly Pd^(2+) and Pt^(0),respectively,both of which are different from each other.As a result,various methods need to be applied to dope Pd and Pt in zeolitic support respectively for different usages.No matter which type of metal species is needed,the common requirement for both PNA and VOC catalysts is that the metal species should be highly dispersed in zeolite support and stay stable.The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of synthetic means of zeolite-coated noble metals(Pd,Pt,etc.)as effective PNA or VOC catalysts.To give a better understanding of the relationship between efficient metal species and the introduced methods,the species that contributed to the NOx adsorption(PNA)and VOCs deep catalytic oxidation were first summarized and compared.Then,based on the above discussion,the detailed construction strategies for different active sites in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively,were elaborated in terms of synthetic routes,precursor selection,and zeolite carrier requirements.It is hoped that this will contribute to a better understanding of noble metal adsorption/catalysis in zeolites and provide promising strategies for the design of adsorption/catalysts with high activity,selectivity and stability.展开更多
Scientific and technological advancements are rapidly transforming underground engineering,shifting from labor-intensive,time-consuming methods to automated,real-time systems.This timely and comprehensive review cover...Scientific and technological advancements are rapidly transforming underground engineering,shifting from labor-intensive,time-consuming methods to automated,real-time systems.This timely and comprehensive review covers in-situ testing,intelligent monitoring,and geophysical testing methods,highlighting fundamental principles,testing apparatuses,data processing techniques,and engineering applications.The state-of-the-art summary emphasizes not only cutting-edge innovations for complex and harsh environments but also the transformative role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in data interpretations.The integration of big data and advanced algorithms is particularly impactful,enabling the identification,prediction,and mitigation of potential risks in underground projects.Key aspects of the discussion include detection capabilities,method integration,and data convergence of intelligent technologies to drive enhanced safety,operational efficiency,and predictive reliability.The review also examines future trends in intelligent technologies,emphasizing unified platforms that combine multiple methods,real-time data,and predictive analytics.These advancements are shaping the evolution of underground construction and maintenance,aiming for risk-free,high-efficiency underground engineering.展开更多
To understand the smoke level and NO_(x)emission characteristics of in-use construction machinery in Beijing,we selected 905 construction machines in Beijing from August 2022 to April 2023 to monitor the emission leve...To understand the smoke level and NO_(x)emission characteristics of in-use construction machinery in Beijing,we selected 905 construction machines in Beijing from August 2022 to April 2023 to monitor the emission level of smoke and NO_(x).The exhaust smoke level and excessive emission situation of different machinery types were identified,and their NO_(x)emission levels were monitored according to the free acceleration method.We investigated the correlation of NO_(x)and smoke emission,and proposed suggestions for controlling pollution discharge from construction machinery in the future.The results show that the exhaust smoke level was 0–2.62 m^(−1),followed a log-normal distribution(μ=-1.73,δ=1.09,R^(2)=0.99),with a 5.64%exceedance rate.Differenceswere observed amongmachinery types,with low-power engine forklifts showing higher smoke levels.The NO_(x)emission range was 71–1516 ppm,followed a normal distribution(μ=565.54,δ=309.51,R^(2)=0.83).Differences among machinery types were relatively small.Engine rated net power had the most significant impact on NO_(x)emissions.Thus,NO_(x)emissions from construction machinery need further attention.Furthermore,we found a weak negative correlation(p<0.05)between the emission level of smoke and NO_(x),that is the synergic emission reduction effect is poor,emphasizing the need for NO_(x)emission limits.In the future,the oversight in Beijing should prioritize phasing out ChinaⅠand ChinaⅡmachinery,and monitor emissions from highpower engine ChinaⅢmachinery.展开更多
Interface chemical modulation strategies are considered as promising method to prepare electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction(UOR).However,conventional interface catalysts are generally limited by the inhere...Interface chemical modulation strategies are considered as promising method to prepare electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction(UOR).However,conventional interface catalysts are generally limited by the inherent activity and incompatibility of the individual components themselves,and the irregular charge distribution and slow charge transfer ability between interfaces severely limit the activity of UOR.Therefore,we optimized and designed a Ni_(2)P/CoP interface with modulated surface charge distribution and directed charge transfer to promote UOR activity.Density functional theorycalculations first predict a regular charge transfer from CoP to Ni_(2)P,which creates a built-in electric field between Ni_(2)P and CoP interface.Optimization of the adsorption/desorption process of UOR/HER reaction intermediates leads to the improvement of catalytic activity.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization confirm the unique mechanism of facilitated reaction at the Ni_(2)P/CoP interface.Electrochemical tests further validated the prediction with excellent UOR/HER activities of 1.28 V and 19.7 mV vs.RHE,at 10 mA cm^(-2),respectively.Furthermore,Ni_(2)P/CoP achieves industrial-grade current densities(500 mA cm^(−2))at 1.75 V and 1.87 V in the overall urea electrolyzer(UOR||HER)and overall human urine electrolyzer(HUOR||HER),respectively,and demonstrates considerable durability.展开更多
Scientifically understanding the evolution of urbanization and analysing the coupling mechanism of human-land systems are important foundations for solving spatial conflicts and promoting regional sustainable developm...Scientifically understanding the evolution of urbanization and analysing the coupling mechanism of human-land systems are important foundations for solving spatial conflicts and promoting regional sustainable development.This study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution and landscape pattern change of construction land in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 1990 to 2018 by integrating Geographical Information System(GIS)spatial analysis and landscape pattern indices,and revealed its driving mechanism by XGBoost and SHapley Additive ex Planations(SHAP).Moreover,we compared the disparities in the core driving factors for construction land evolution in cities with diverse development orientations within the YRD region.Results show that:1)development intensity of construction land continued to increase from 7.54%in 1990 to 13.44%in 2018,primarily by occupying farmland.The landscape fragmentation of construction land in the YRD region decreased,and landscape dominance increased.Spatially,the eastern part of the YRD exhibits a high degree of spatial agglomeration of construction land,whereas the western part shows a high degree of fragmentation,revealing distinct spatial gradient differentiation characteristics.The landscape dominance of the construction land in the eastern region of the YRD is higher than that in the western and northern regions.2)Transportation and infrastructure exert the highest contribution rate on development intensity changes of construction land in the YRD.The industrial structure significantly influences the conversion of farmland to construction land.Additionally,infrastructure plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial agglomeration patterns of construction land.Population distribution is the dominant factor determining the regularity of the landscape shape of construction land.3)The core driving factors for the development intensity of construction land in central cities primarily lies in transportation,whereas for non-central cities,besides transportation,the year-end balance of per capita savings deposits of urban and rural residents also play a significant role.The area change of construction land occupying farmland in central and non-central cities is mainly driven by industrial structure and economic level,respectively.This study informs refined spatial optimization and regional high-quality integrated development.展开更多
文摘To advance intelligent construction,standards must come first.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has issued the List for Replicable Experience and Practices for Developing Intelligent Construction four times successively and the Technical Guidelines for Intelligent Construction(Trial).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52470105)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.358202103017).
文摘The discharge of micro-polluted water from sources such as agricultural runoff,urban stormwater,and treated effluents presents significant challenges to aquatic ecosystems.Constructed wetlands(CWs)have gained recog-nition as an eco-friendly solution for removing pollutants from various wastewater sources and are increasingly applied for micro-polluted water treatment.By reviewing 78 full-scale CW studies from Web of Science,it is summarized that the ranges of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)concentrations in runoff,wastewater treatment plant effluent and polluted river were 0.1–6.6,0.3–12.3,and 0.2–41.1 mg/L,respectively.The ranges of ni-trate nitrogen concentrations were 0.2–14.2,0–5.7,and 0–2.6 mg/L,respectively.Removal efficiencies of CWs for micro-polluted water varied by CW types.The total nitrogen removal efficiencies for subsurface-flow CWs,free-water surface-flow CWs,and hybrid CWs ranged from 27.4%to 66.5%,16.8%to 89.8%,and 19.4%to 88.2%,respectively.The NH4+-N removal efficiencies ranged from 34.2%to 73.6%,38.4%to 89.4%and 13.5%to 94.2%,respectively.Additionally,other factors influencing contaminant removal efficiency such as hydraulic retention time,vegetation types,redox micro-environment and influent water quality were evaluated.Based on these findings,two strategies for improving the purification performance of CWs were proposed:the selection of incorporating electron donor substrates and the optimization of operation parameters.This paper serves as a synthesis of information to guide future research and full-scale CW applications in micro-polluted water treatment.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1200200).
文摘Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,its feasibility has not been fully explored.This study uses data envelopment analysis and the analytic hierarchy process to establish a development potential index,covering technical efficiency,economic cost,application sce-narios,and charging time and range,with an empirical analysis conducted in Beijing.The findings indicated the high feasibility of replacing OCM with electric alternatives,especially within the low-power range.Based on 2023 registered coding dat1,it is projected that by 2030,electrification could reduce regional average con-centrations of CO,NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and VOCs by 12.2%to 56.4%and reduce CO_(2) by 11.7%to 56.9%.Owing to economic considerations,small-and medium-sized machinery are particularly feasible for electrification.Key recommendations include prioritizing the electrification of forklifts,lifting platforms,and small-sized machinery in high-emission areas,particularly in central urban districts.Policies such as carbon taxes,carbon markets,and performance grading systems are suggested to incentivize electrification,along with expanding high-emission restriction zones and improving energy infrastructure to support widespread electrification.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227232)the STS Project of Fujian-CAS(No.2023T3018)Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.322GJHZ2022035MI).
文摘Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key factors in anammox bacteria enrichment.This study investigated the mechanisms driving anammox bacteria enrichment in lab-scale simulated CWs treating high-nitrogen wastewater,focusing on bacterial community re-sponses across wetland layers with various strategies,including continuous up-flow influent,nitrogen loading increase,effluent recirculation,intermittent influent,and anammox bacteria inoculation.Results showed that total relative and absolute abundances of anammox bacteria ranged from 0.77%to 12.50%and from 0.13 to 6.46×10^(7) copies/g,respectively.Dissolved oxygen and pH had significant positive correlations with the absolute abundance of anammox bacteria,while organic matter and nitrate negatively impacted their relative abundance.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that spatial heterogeneity explained more variation in anammox bacteria abundance(43.44%)compared to operational strategies(8.58%).In terms of microbial interactions,60 dominant species exhibited potential correlations with anammox bacteria,comprising 170 interactions(105 positive and 65 negative),which suggested that anammox bacteria generally foster cooperative relationships with dominant bacteria.Notably,significant interspecies interactions were observed between Candidatus Kuenenia(dominant anammox bacteria in CWs)and species within the genera Chitinivibrio-nia and Anaerolineaceae,suggesting that microbial interactions primarily manifest as indirect facilitative effects rather than direct mutualistic relationships.Given that the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio in CWs were<50%,this study inferred that environmental gradients have greater influence on anammox bacteria than microbial interactions.
基金supported by the Regional Cooperation Program of Shanxi Province(No.202304041101039)ICC-CAS(No.SCJC-WRW-2023-18)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202203021222404)the Open Research Fund of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control(No.2022HPYB-09)。
文摘There is an urgent need to investigate the distinct performance and mechanism of traditional constructed wetland(CW),microbial fuel cells-constructed wetland(MFC-CW)and direct-enchanced constructed wetland(EC-CW)for antibiotics removal.To address this issues,three kinds of CWs were bulit and distinct performance and mechanism for levofloxacin(LVFX)removal was expored in this study.MFC-CW,EC-CW achieved high LVFX removal efficiencies compared with traditional constructed wetland(96.0%in MFC-CW,95.0%in EC-CW and 91.2%in CW)and the biodegradation was the key contributor(90.7%-95.3%).MFC-CW is better capable to stimulate microbial activity and strengthen the removal effect of LVFX.MFC-CW performed well in reducing the effluent's ecotoxicity(dehydrogenase activity)and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).ARGs were mainly distributed in the anode region of MFC-CW while accumulating in the cathode region of EC-CW.Atribacteria,Chlorobi,Synergistetes and Firmicutes significicant effect on the efficiencies of TN,NH_(4)^(+),and LVFX.The core node for microbial community interaction in CW was only Pseudomonas in Proteobacteria(OTU4537).While MFC-CW included Opitutae_vadin HA64(OTU3153)in Verrucomicrobia,Desulfomicrobium(OTU3629)in Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria Gaiellales(OTU4206),and EC-CW included Mesotoga(OTU1104)in Thermotogae,Syntrophus(OTU3207)in Proteobacteria and Emticicia(OTU3788)in Bacteroidetes.MFC-CW and EC-CW increased the abundance of critical microbial communities,and the microbial communities were more closely related.This study improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhancement of CW by the two bioelectrochemical methods.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3806900,2022YFE0141400)。
文摘The advent of parametric design has resulted in a marked increase in the complexity of building.Unfortunately,traditional construction methods make it difficult to meet the needs.Therefore,construction robots have become a pivotal production tool in this context.Since the arm span of a single robot usually does not exceed 3 meters,it is not competent for producing large-scale building components.Accordingly,the extension of the robot,s working range is often achieved by external axes.Nevertheless,the coupling control of external axes and robots and their kinematic solution have become key challenges.The primary technical difficulties include customized construction robots,automatic solutions for external axes,fixed axis joints,and specific motion mode control.This paper proposes solutions to these difficulties,introduces the relevant basic concepts and algorithms in detail,and encapsulates these robotics principles and algorithm processes into the Grasshopper plug-in commonly used by architects to form the FURobot software platform.This platform effectively solves the above problems,lowers the threshold for architects,and improves production efficiency.The effectiveness of the algorithm and software in this paper is verified through simulation experiments.
基金Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(Project No.:KJQN202401902)Chongqing Construction Science and Technology Plan Project(Project No.:Chinese Society For Urban Studies,2024:3-24)+1 种基金cientific Research Fund Project of Chongqing Institute of Engineering(Project No.:2022gcky01)College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project of Chongqing Institute of Engineering(Project No.:CXCY2024018)。
文摘Taking modern indoor building construction as an example,this study analyzes the path planning and navigation of a smart plastering robot.It includes a basic introduction to smart plastering robots,an analysis of multi-sensor fusion localization algorithms for smart plastering robots,and an analysis of path planning and navigation functions for smart plastering robots.It is hoped that through this analysis,a reference is provided for the path planning and navigation design of such robots to meet their practical application needs.
文摘Construction work is an important component of social development,and its safety management is crucial for the protection of employees’lives,the efficient development of enterprises,and the social harmony and stability.Therefore,this paper explores the risk identification,risk estimation,risk evaluation,and control strategies of construction sites.It analyzes the research progress,current issues that need optimization,and future development directions,aiming to provide insights for the development of risk evaluation in construction sites.
文摘Professional and trade skills are required for handling the construction related projects;Construction industries of the present day however lack useful information concerning different practices,patterns and trends involved in risk management.Considering this,the present study focuses on the aforementioned variables of risk management by quantitative analysis specifically in the domain of construction industry.This study has used IBM’s SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences)version 25.0 to analyze the results.This study is an initiative to assess the impact of risk management in the construction sector of Jordan.It will assist the construction sector for exploring the limitations with respect to integrate effective risk management.A sense of competition will be developed through a comparison of risk factors of construction projects among the project stakeholders such as contractors should enhance their risk management practices.
文摘In the process of cultural and tourism project construction,intelligent construction technology has gradually shown strong advantages.The effective application of this technology not only greatly improves the construction efficiency and quality of cultural and tourism projects,but also effectively controls construction costs,laying a solid foundation for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of the cultural and tourism industry.The article analyzes the current situation of cultural and tourism project construction,proposes the advantages of intelligent construction and its application in the construction mode of cultural and tourism projects,aiming to provide reliable guidance for the sustainable development of cultural and tourism projects.
文摘The basement was located at the bottom of the building,which not only affected the quality of the whole construction project but also had special requirements for construction technology and construction requirements.In modern times,with the increasing height of the building,the pressure on the ground has grown,and the demands for basements in construction projects have also steadily increased.With the development of modern technology,various construction techniques for basements emerged within the construction industry.Thus,this paper analyses the type of basement floor construction technologies,highlighting the application of these methods,and points out critical issues to consider.By examining frequent basement leakage problems,the paper proposed several measures to improve the quality if basement construction,aiming to better protect the service life of the building and further improve overall quality,and offering valuable insights for future projects.
文摘This article analyzes the application strategies of Building Information Modeling(BIM)support technology in a first-class highway reconstruction and expansion project based on its actual situation.According to the basic situation of BIM technology and its application goals in this project,it explores application strategies such as BIM model construction,BIM prefabricated structural model deepening and schedule simulation,BIM collision detection,and BIM tunnel pre-construction simulation.Through this analysis,it is hoped to provide a reference for the rational application of BIM support technology and ensure the high-quality and efficient completion of first-class highway reconstruction and expansion projects.
文摘To fully leverage the advantages of mechanization and informatization in tunnel boring machine(TBM)operations,the authors aim to promote the advancement of tunnel construction technology toward intelligent development.This involved exploring the deep integration of next-generation artificial intelligence technologies,such as sensing technology,automatic control technology,big data technology,deep learning,and machine vision,with key operational processes,including TBM excavation,direction adjustment,step changes,inverted arch block assembly,material transportation,and operation status assurance.The results of this integration are summarized as follows.(1)TBM key excavation parameter prediction algorithm was developed with an accuracy rate exceeding 90%.The TBM intelligent step-change control algorithm,based on machine vision,achieved an image segmentation accuracy rate of 95%and gripper shoe positioning error of±5 mm.(2)An automatic positioning system for inverted arch blocks was developed,enabling real-time perception of the spatial position and deviation during the assembly process.The system maintains an elevation positioning deviation within±3 mm and a horizontal positioning deviation within±10 mm,reducing the number of surveyors in each work team.(3)A TBM intelligent rail transportation system that achieves real-time human-machine positioning,automatic switch opening and closing,automatic obstacle avoidance,intelligent transportation planning,and integrated scheduling and command was designed.Each locomotive formation reduces one shunter and improves comprehensive transportation efficiency by more than 20%.(4)Intelligent analysis and prediction algorithms were developed to monitor and predict the trends of the hydraulic and gear oil parameters in real time,enhancing the proactive maintenance and system reliability.
基金funded by the project of Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Committee(2022A1515240073)the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program(2019CX01G338),Guangdong Province.
文摘Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.To contribute to a better understanding of the state of the art of smart techniques for engineering projects,this paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)techniques,intelligent techniques,and their applications in CEM.First,a comprehensive framework detailing smart technologies for construction projects is developed.Next,the characteristics of CEM are summarized.A bibliometric review is then conducted to investigate the keywords,journals,and clusters related to the application of smart techniques in CEM during 2000-2022.Recent advancements in intelligent techniques are also discussed under the following six topics:①big data technology;②computer vision;③speech recognition;④natural language processing;⑤machine learning;and⑥knowledge representation,understanding,and reasoning.The applications of smart techniques are then illustrated via underground space exploitation.Finally,future research directions for the sustainable development of smart construction are highlighted.
基金supported by Zhongtian Iron and Steel-University of Science and Technology Beijing Youth Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.FZTNTC2024050005)National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology,China(No.NELMS2020A07)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-AT-20-12)。
文摘Zeolite-loaded noble metal catalysts have demonstrated excellent performance in addressing cold-start automotive exhaust NOx emissions and catalytic oxidation of VOCs applications.Pd and Pt are the most commonly used active metals in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively.However,despite the same metal/zeolite composition,the efficient active sites for PNA and VOC catalysts have been viewed as mainly Pd^(2+) and Pt^(0),respectively,both of which are different from each other.As a result,various methods need to be applied to dope Pd and Pt in zeolitic support respectively for different usages.No matter which type of metal species is needed,the common requirement for both PNA and VOC catalysts is that the metal species should be highly dispersed in zeolite support and stay stable.The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of synthetic means of zeolite-coated noble metals(Pd,Pt,etc.)as effective PNA or VOC catalysts.To give a better understanding of the relationship between efficient metal species and the introduced methods,the species that contributed to the NOx adsorption(PNA)and VOCs deep catalytic oxidation were first summarized and compared.Then,based on the above discussion,the detailed construction strategies for different active sites in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively,were elaborated in terms of synthetic routes,precursor selection,and zeolite carrier requirements.It is hoped that this will contribute to a better understanding of noble metal adsorption/catalysis in zeolites and provide promising strategies for the design of adsorption/catalysts with high activity,selectivity and stability.
基金supported by Ministry of Education of Singapore,under Academic Research Fund Tier 1(Grant Number RG143/23).
文摘Scientific and technological advancements are rapidly transforming underground engineering,shifting from labor-intensive,time-consuming methods to automated,real-time systems.This timely and comprehensive review covers in-situ testing,intelligent monitoring,and geophysical testing methods,highlighting fundamental principles,testing apparatuses,data processing techniques,and engineering applications.The state-of-the-art summary emphasizes not only cutting-edge innovations for complex and harsh environments but also the transformative role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in data interpretations.The integration of big data and advanced algorithms is particularly impactful,enabling the identification,prediction,and mitigation of potential risks in underground projects.Key aspects of the discussion include detection capabilities,method integration,and data convergence of intelligent technologies to drive enhanced safety,operational efficiency,and predictive reliability.The review also examines future trends in intelligent technologies,emphasizing unified platforms that combine multiple methods,real-time data,and predictive analytics.These advancements are shaping the evolution of underground construction and maintenance,aiming for risk-free,high-efficiency underground engineering.
基金supported by the Energy Foundation(No.G-2203-33693).
文摘To understand the smoke level and NO_(x)emission characteristics of in-use construction machinery in Beijing,we selected 905 construction machines in Beijing from August 2022 to April 2023 to monitor the emission level of smoke and NO_(x).The exhaust smoke level and excessive emission situation of different machinery types were identified,and their NO_(x)emission levels were monitored according to the free acceleration method.We investigated the correlation of NO_(x)and smoke emission,and proposed suggestions for controlling pollution discharge from construction machinery in the future.The results show that the exhaust smoke level was 0–2.62 m^(−1),followed a log-normal distribution(μ=-1.73,δ=1.09,R^(2)=0.99),with a 5.64%exceedance rate.Differenceswere observed amongmachinery types,with low-power engine forklifts showing higher smoke levels.The NO_(x)emission range was 71–1516 ppm,followed a normal distribution(μ=565.54,δ=309.51,R^(2)=0.83).Differences among machinery types were relatively small.Engine rated net power had the most significant impact on NO_(x)emissions.Thus,NO_(x)emissions from construction machinery need further attention.Furthermore,we found a weak negative correlation(p<0.05)between the emission level of smoke and NO_(x),that is the synergic emission reduction effect is poor,emphasizing the need for NO_(x)emission limits.In the future,the oversight in Beijing should prioritize phasing out ChinaⅠand ChinaⅡmachinery,and monitor emissions from highpower engine ChinaⅢmachinery.
文摘Interface chemical modulation strategies are considered as promising method to prepare electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction(UOR).However,conventional interface catalysts are generally limited by the inherent activity and incompatibility of the individual components themselves,and the irregular charge distribution and slow charge transfer ability between interfaces severely limit the activity of UOR.Therefore,we optimized and designed a Ni_(2)P/CoP interface with modulated surface charge distribution and directed charge transfer to promote UOR activity.Density functional theorycalculations first predict a regular charge transfer from CoP to Ni_(2)P,which creates a built-in electric field between Ni_(2)P and CoP interface.Optimization of the adsorption/desorption process of UOR/HER reaction intermediates leads to the improvement of catalytic activity.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization confirm the unique mechanism of facilitated reaction at the Ni_(2)P/CoP interface.Electrochemical tests further validated the prediction with excellent UOR/HER activities of 1.28 V and 19.7 mV vs.RHE,at 10 mA cm^(-2),respectively.Furthermore,Ni_(2)P/CoP achieves industrial-grade current densities(500 mA cm^(−2))at 1.75 V and 1.87 V in the overall urea electrolyzer(UOR||HER)and overall human urine electrolyzer(HUOR||HER),respectively,and demonstrates considerable durability.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42301470,42171389)。
文摘Scientifically understanding the evolution of urbanization and analysing the coupling mechanism of human-land systems are important foundations for solving spatial conflicts and promoting regional sustainable development.This study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution and landscape pattern change of construction land in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 1990 to 2018 by integrating Geographical Information System(GIS)spatial analysis and landscape pattern indices,and revealed its driving mechanism by XGBoost and SHapley Additive ex Planations(SHAP).Moreover,we compared the disparities in the core driving factors for construction land evolution in cities with diverse development orientations within the YRD region.Results show that:1)development intensity of construction land continued to increase from 7.54%in 1990 to 13.44%in 2018,primarily by occupying farmland.The landscape fragmentation of construction land in the YRD region decreased,and landscape dominance increased.Spatially,the eastern part of the YRD exhibits a high degree of spatial agglomeration of construction land,whereas the western part shows a high degree of fragmentation,revealing distinct spatial gradient differentiation characteristics.The landscape dominance of the construction land in the eastern region of the YRD is higher than that in the western and northern regions.2)Transportation and infrastructure exert the highest contribution rate on development intensity changes of construction land in the YRD.The industrial structure significantly influences the conversion of farmland to construction land.Additionally,infrastructure plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial agglomeration patterns of construction land.Population distribution is the dominant factor determining the regularity of the landscape shape of construction land.3)The core driving factors for the development intensity of construction land in central cities primarily lies in transportation,whereas for non-central cities,besides transportation,the year-end balance of per capita savings deposits of urban and rural residents also play a significant role.The area change of construction land occupying farmland in central and non-central cities is mainly driven by industrial structure and economic level,respectively.This study informs refined spatial optimization and regional high-quality integrated development.
