Based on the characteristic of AC-excited variable speed constant frequency(VSCF)wind power generation,the vector control technique was applied in a doubly fed induction generator(DFIG).Maximum wind energy or maximum ...Based on the characteristic of AC-excited variable speed constant frequency(VSCF)wind power generation,the vector control technique was applied in a doubly fed induction generator(DFIG).Maximum wind energy or maximum output power point can be tracked by decoupling control of active power and reactive power.The research result shows that the net power of generation system delivered to grid in maximum wind energy tracking mode is not the most.We presented a novel maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control strategy by analyzing the DFIG mathematic model and power relations which delivered the maximum power to the grid.The maximum power point could be tracked automatically without measuring wind speed in the control strategy and the control was independent of optimal turbine power curve,which had excellent dynamic and static performances and robustness.Simulation and experimental results testify the accuracy and validity of the control strategy.展开更多
This paper presents a solution to the circulating current fault of aircraft power supply.The DC-link type Variable Frequency to Constant Frequency(VFCF)converter system is the preferred scheme to feed the constant 400...This paper presents a solution to the circulating current fault of aircraft power supply.The DC-link type Variable Frequency to Constant Frequency(VFCF)converter system is the preferred scheme to feed the constant 400 Hz load in an aircraft with a variable frequency power supply.Due to the requirement of aircraft standards,both grounds of the rectification and inversion stage are tied to the metal frame of the aircraft.With such a tied ground,the DC bus voltage rises greatly,and a large circulating current appears in the casing as the ground,which leads to equipment failure and potential safety hazards.According to the existing methods of circulating current fault suppression,this paper analyzes the causes of the above faults and the harmonic components of circulating current and points out the limitations of the existing methods.Therefore,a Common-Mode(CM)choke-based method is proposed to provide a high impedance in the path of the CM circulating current.By doing so,the circulating current can be suppressed without the additional burden of the hardware and control algorithm,which is quite friendly for quality control of mass-production aircraft.Moreover,a simplified mathematic model of the VFCF converter system is derived to calculate the minimum inductance value reference of the CM choke,which saves the weight of passive devices to the greatest extent.Finally,simulation and experimental results are studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Annual variations of 1000 - 3000 ppm (peak-to-valley) have been observed in the decay rates of 8 radionuclides over a 20 year span by six organizations on three continents, including beta decay (weak interaction) and ...Annual variations of 1000 - 3000 ppm (peak-to-valley) have been observed in the decay rates of 8 radionuclides over a 20 year span by six organizations on three continents, including beta decay (weak interaction) and alpha decay (strong interaction). In searching for a common cause, we hypothesized that small variations in Planck’s constant might account for the observed synchronized variations in strong and weak decays. If so, then h would be a maximum around January-February of each year and a minimum around July-August of each year based on the 20 years of radioactive decay data. To test this hypothesis, a purely electromagnetic experiment was set up to search for the same annual variations. From Jun 14, 2011 to Jan 29, 2014 (941 days), annual variations in tunneling voltage through 5 parallel Esaki tunnel diodes were recorded. It found annual variations of 826 ppm peak-to-valley peaking around Jan 1. These variations lend support to the hypothesis that there is a gradient in h of about 21 ppm across the Earth’s orbit.展开更多
In 1998, two groups of astronomers, one led by Saul Perlmutter and the other by Brian Schmidt, set out to determine the deceleration—and hence the total mass/energy—of the universe by measuring the recession speeds ...In 1998, two groups of astronomers, one led by Saul Perlmutter and the other by Brian Schmidt, set out to determine the deceleration—and hence the total mass/energy—of the universe by measuring the recession speeds of type la supernovae (SN1a), came to an unexpected conclusion: ever since the universe was about 7 billion years old, its expansion rate has not been decelerating. Instead, the expansion rate has been speeding up. To justify this acceleration, they suggested that the universe does have a mysterious dark energy and they have emerged from oblivion the cosmological constant, positive this time, which is consistent with the image of an inflationary universe. To explain the observed dimming of high-redshift SN1a they have bet essentially on their distance revised upwards. We consider that an accelerated expansion leads right to a “dark energy catastrophe” (i.e., the chasm between the current cosmological vacuum density value of 10 GeV/m<sup>3</sup> and the vacuum energy density proposed by quantum field theory of ~10<sup>122</sup> GeV/m<sup>3</sup>). We suppose rather that the universe knows a slowdown expansion under the positive pressure of a dark energy, otherwise called a variable cosmological constant. The dark luminosity of the latter would be that of a “tired light” which has lost energy with distance. As for the low brilliance of SN1a, it is explained by two physical processes: The first relates to their intrinsic brightness—supposedly do not vary over time—which would depend on the chemical conditions which change with the temporal evolution;the second would concern their apparent luminosity. Besides the serious arguments already known, we strongly propose that their luminosity continually fades by interactions with cosmic magnetic fields, like the earthly PVLAS experiment which loses much more laser photons than expected by crossing a magnetic field. It goes in the sense of a “tired light” which has lost energy with distance, and therefore, a decelerated expansion of the universe. Moreover, we propose the “centrist” principle to complete the hypothesis of the cosmological principle of homogeneity and isotropy considered verified. Without denying the Copernican principle, he is opposed to a “spatial” theoretical construction which accelerates the world towards infinity. The centrist principle gives a “temporal” and privileged vision which tends to demonstrate the deceleration of expansion.展开更多
Total harmonic distortion (THD) is one of the key technical indexes of inverter output voltage. Optimization o f switching points and filter parameters could ensure the switching-point-preset sinusoidal pulse width mo...Total harmonic distortion (THD) is one of the key technical indexes of inverter output voltage. Optimization o f switching points and filter parameters could ensure the switching-point-preset sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverters with low harmonyic content in theory.The THD value would be increased by switching time delay of power devices and control circuit. A new control coecuit with delay time compensation is presented in this paper. With this control scheme, the output of the inverter could be basically identified with the theory given.Test results of experimental circuit verify that the control circuit presented in this paper is feasible. The THD of the inverter output voltage could be reduced to a certain extent by this method.展开更多
A switching variability index （SVl） constant false alarm rate （CFAR） detector is proposed for improving the detection performance of VI-CFAR detectors in multiple targets backgrounds. When the presence of non-homo...A switching variability index （SVl） constant false alarm rate （CFAR） detector is proposed for improving the detection performance of VI-CFAR detectors in multiple targets backgrounds. When the presence of non-homogeneity in CFAR reference windows is indicated by a VI-CFAR detector, a switching- CFAR detector is introduced to optimize the performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous, multiple targets and clutter edge backgrounds. The structure and parameters selection method of the SVI-CFAR detector is presented. Comparisons with classic CFAR detectors and recently proposed detectors are also given. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that SVICFAR detector maintains the good performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous and clutter edge backgrounds, while greatly improving the capacity of anti-multi targets.展开更多
Matrix Converter(MC),a direct AC-ACconverter which is capable of bidirectional powerflow,unity input power factor control and efficiencyimprovement.Thus,it is more suitable for integrationof motor machine and power el...Matrix Converter(MC),a direct AC-ACconverter which is capable of bidirectional powerflow,unity input power factor control and efficiencyimprovement.Thus,it is more suitable for integrationof motor machine and power electronics systems.This paper investigated a novel generationsystem,which is composed of hybrid excitedsynchronous generator(HESG)and matrix converter(MC),as shown in Fig.1.Owing to the voltage clampcircuit,this structure waived an external DC sourcecommonly used for the excitation for HESG.Thevoltage clamp circuit shared a DC bus with afull-bridge converter and the excitation winding ofHESG is directly connected to the output of thefull-bridge converter achieving a bidirectional currentflow.展开更多
The present study deals with a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianehi-I cosmological models representing massive strings with magnetic field and decaying vacuum energy density A. The energy-momentum tensor, as ...The present study deals with a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianehi-I cosmological models representing massive strings with magnetic field and decaying vacuum energy density A. The energy-momentum tensor, as formulated by Letelier （1983）, has been used to construct massive string cosmological models for which we assume the expansion scalar in the models is proportional to one of the components of shear tensor. The Einstein＇s field equations have been solved by applying a variation law for generalized Hubble＇s parameter in Bianchi-I space-time. The variation law for Hubble＇s parameter generates two types of solutions for the average scale factor, one is of power-law type and other is of the exponential form. Using these two forms, Einstein＇s field equations are solved separately that correspond to expanding singular and non-singular models of the universe respectively. We have made a comparative study of accelerating and decelerating models in the presence of string scenario. The study reveals that massive strings dominate in the decelerating universe whereas strings dominate in the accelerating universe. The strings eventually disappear from the universe for sufficiently large times, which is in agreement with current astronomical observations. The cosmological constant A is found to be a positive decreasing function of time which is corroborated by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and geometric properties of the models have been also discussed in detail.展开更多
We study thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in a new formalism which is called the restricted phase space thermodynamics.This context is based on Visser’s holographic thermodynamics w...We study thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in a new formalism which is called the restricted phase space thermodynamics.This context is based on Visser’s holographic thermodynamics with a fixed antide Sitter radius and a variable Newton constant.The conjugate variables,central charge C and the chemical potential m,are introduced as a new pair of thermodynamic variables.We find that the iso-e-charge T-S curve becomes non-monotonic when Q<Q_(c).Correspondingly,the F-T curve exhibits a swallow tail structure.This behavior is considered as a van der Waals-like phase transition.As the value of b related to the energy density of Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger,the critical temperature T_(c)will decrease.Thus,the van derWaals-like phase transition will occur at lower temperature.There is always a non-quilibrium transition from a small unstable black hole to a large stable black hole state in the isocoltage T-S process.There exist a maximum and a Hawking-Page phase transition points in theμ-C plane.As the value of b related to Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger,the Hawking-Page phase transition will occur at lower temperature in the isovoltageμ-T process.For other values of the state parameterω,there also exists van der Waals-like phase transition.展开更多
The Current Standard Model of the Universe asserts that the universe is generated from a single Big Bang event followed by inflation. There is no center to this universe, hence, no preferential reference frame to desc...The Current Standard Model of the Universe asserts that the universe is generated from a single Big Bang event followed by inflation. There is no center to this universe, hence, no preferential reference frame to describe the motions of celestial objects. We propose a new, Shell Model of the Universe, which contends that the universe is created from multiple, concentric big bangs. Accordingly, that origin presents itself as a unique, preferential reference frame, which furnishes the simplest description of the motions of galaxies in the cosmos. This is similar in manner to how planetary motion is more straightforwardly described via a sun-centered Solar System rather than an earth-centered one. The appeal of the Shell Model of the Universe lies in its simplistic ability to resolve the paradox of quasars, explain the variability in Hubble’s Constant, and solve the problematic accelerated expansion of the universe.展开更多
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60974049)the Science and Technology Support Industrial Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BZ2008031,No.BE2008074,and No.BE2009090)+1 种基金the Nantong International Cooperative Project(No.W2009003)the Natural Science Foundation of Nantong University(No.08Z022 and No.08Z025).
文摘Based on the characteristic of AC-excited variable speed constant frequency(VSCF)wind power generation,the vector control technique was applied in a doubly fed induction generator(DFIG).Maximum wind energy or maximum output power point can be tracked by decoupling control of active power and reactive power.The research result shows that the net power of generation system delivered to grid in maximum wind energy tracking mode is not the most.We presented a novel maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control strategy by analyzing the DFIG mathematic model and power relations which delivered the maximum power to the grid.The maximum power point could be tracked automatically without measuring wind speed in the control strategy and the control was independent of optimal turbine power curve,which had excellent dynamic and static performances and robustness.Simulation and experimental results testify the accuracy and validity of the control strategy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province,China(No.52007154).
文摘This paper presents a solution to the circulating current fault of aircraft power supply.The DC-link type Variable Frequency to Constant Frequency(VFCF)converter system is the preferred scheme to feed the constant 400 Hz load in an aircraft with a variable frequency power supply.Due to the requirement of aircraft standards,both grounds of the rectification and inversion stage are tied to the metal frame of the aircraft.With such a tied ground,the DC bus voltage rises greatly,and a large circulating current appears in the casing as the ground,which leads to equipment failure and potential safety hazards.According to the existing methods of circulating current fault suppression,this paper analyzes the causes of the above faults and the harmonic components of circulating current and points out the limitations of the existing methods.Therefore,a Common-Mode(CM)choke-based method is proposed to provide a high impedance in the path of the CM circulating current.By doing so,the circulating current can be suppressed without the additional burden of the hardware and control algorithm,which is quite friendly for quality control of mass-production aircraft.Moreover,a simplified mathematic model of the VFCF converter system is derived to calculate the minimum inductance value reference of the CM choke,which saves the weight of passive devices to the greatest extent.Finally,simulation and experimental results are studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Annual variations of 1000 - 3000 ppm (peak-to-valley) have been observed in the decay rates of 8 radionuclides over a 20 year span by six organizations on three continents, including beta decay (weak interaction) and alpha decay (strong interaction). In searching for a common cause, we hypothesized that small variations in Planck’s constant might account for the observed synchronized variations in strong and weak decays. If so, then h would be a maximum around January-February of each year and a minimum around July-August of each year based on the 20 years of radioactive decay data. To test this hypothesis, a purely electromagnetic experiment was set up to search for the same annual variations. From Jun 14, 2011 to Jan 29, 2014 (941 days), annual variations in tunneling voltage through 5 parallel Esaki tunnel diodes were recorded. It found annual variations of 826 ppm peak-to-valley peaking around Jan 1. These variations lend support to the hypothesis that there is a gradient in h of about 21 ppm across the Earth’s orbit.
文摘In 1998, two groups of astronomers, one led by Saul Perlmutter and the other by Brian Schmidt, set out to determine the deceleration—and hence the total mass/energy—of the universe by measuring the recession speeds of type la supernovae (SN1a), came to an unexpected conclusion: ever since the universe was about 7 billion years old, its expansion rate has not been decelerating. Instead, the expansion rate has been speeding up. To justify this acceleration, they suggested that the universe does have a mysterious dark energy and they have emerged from oblivion the cosmological constant, positive this time, which is consistent with the image of an inflationary universe. To explain the observed dimming of high-redshift SN1a they have bet essentially on their distance revised upwards. We consider that an accelerated expansion leads right to a “dark energy catastrophe” (i.e., the chasm between the current cosmological vacuum density value of 10 GeV/m<sup>3</sup> and the vacuum energy density proposed by quantum field theory of ~10<sup>122</sup> GeV/m<sup>3</sup>). We suppose rather that the universe knows a slowdown expansion under the positive pressure of a dark energy, otherwise called a variable cosmological constant. The dark luminosity of the latter would be that of a “tired light” which has lost energy with distance. As for the low brilliance of SN1a, it is explained by two physical processes: The first relates to their intrinsic brightness—supposedly do not vary over time—which would depend on the chemical conditions which change with the temporal evolution;the second would concern their apparent luminosity. Besides the serious arguments already known, we strongly propose that their luminosity continually fades by interactions with cosmic magnetic fields, like the earthly PVLAS experiment which loses much more laser photons than expected by crossing a magnetic field. It goes in the sense of a “tired light” which has lost energy with distance, and therefore, a decelerated expansion of the universe. Moreover, we propose the “centrist” principle to complete the hypothesis of the cosmological principle of homogeneity and isotropy considered verified. Without denying the Copernican principle, he is opposed to a “spatial” theoretical construction which accelerates the world towards infinity. The centrist principle gives a “temporal” and privileged vision which tends to demonstrate the deceleration of expansion.
文摘Total harmonic distortion (THD) is one of the key technical indexes of inverter output voltage. Optimization o f switching points and filter parameters could ensure the switching-point-preset sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverters with low harmonyic content in theory.The THD value would be increased by switching time delay of power devices and control circuit. A new control coecuit with delay time compensation is presented in this paper. With this control scheme, the output of the inverter could be basically identified with the theory given.Test results of experimental circuit verify that the control circuit presented in this paper is feasible. The THD of the inverter output voltage could be reduced to a certain extent by this method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61102158)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2011M500667)
文摘A switching variability index （SVl） constant false alarm rate （CFAR） detector is proposed for improving the detection performance of VI-CFAR detectors in multiple targets backgrounds. When the presence of non-homogeneity in CFAR reference windows is indicated by a VI-CFAR detector, a switching- CFAR detector is introduced to optimize the performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous, multiple targets and clutter edge backgrounds. The structure and parameters selection method of the SVI-CFAR detector is presented. Comparisons with classic CFAR detectors and recently proposed detectors are also given. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that SVICFAR detector maintains the good performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous and clutter edge backgrounds, while greatly improving the capacity of anti-multi targets.
文摘Matrix Converter(MC),a direct AC-ACconverter which is capable of bidirectional powerflow,unity input power factor control and efficiencyimprovement.Thus,it is more suitable for integrationof motor machine and power electronics systems.This paper investigated a novel generationsystem,which is composed of hybrid excitedsynchronous generator(HESG)and matrix converter(MC),as shown in Fig.1.Owing to the voltage clampcircuit,this structure waived an external DC sourcecommonly used for the excitation for HESG.Thevoltage clamp circuit shared a DC bus with afull-bridge converter and the excitation winding ofHESG is directly connected to the output of thefull-bridge converter achieving a bidirectional currentflow.
基金Supported in part by the Council of Science and Technology,Uttar Pradesh,India
文摘The present study deals with a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianehi-I cosmological models representing massive strings with magnetic field and decaying vacuum energy density A. The energy-momentum tensor, as formulated by Letelier （1983）, has been used to construct massive string cosmological models for which we assume the expansion scalar in the models is proportional to one of the components of shear tensor. The Einstein＇s field equations have been solved by applying a variation law for generalized Hubble＇s parameter in Bianchi-I space-time. The variation law for Hubble＇s parameter generates two types of solutions for the average scale factor, one is of power-law type and other is of the exponential form. Using these two forms, Einstein＇s field equations are solved separately that correspond to expanding singular and non-singular models of the universe respectively. We have made a comparative study of accelerating and decelerating models in the presence of string scenario. The study reveals that massive strings dominate in the decelerating universe whereas strings dominate in the accelerating universe. The strings eventually disappear from the universe for sufficiently large times, which is in agreement with current astronomical observations. The cosmological constant A is found to be a positive decreasing function of time which is corroborated by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and geometric properties of the models have been also discussed in detail.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12373022 and U1731107).
文摘We study thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in a new formalism which is called the restricted phase space thermodynamics.This context is based on Visser’s holographic thermodynamics with a fixed antide Sitter radius and a variable Newton constant.The conjugate variables,central charge C and the chemical potential m,are introduced as a new pair of thermodynamic variables.We find that the iso-e-charge T-S curve becomes non-monotonic when Q<Q_(c).Correspondingly,the F-T curve exhibits a swallow tail structure.This behavior is considered as a van der Waals-like phase transition.As the value of b related to the energy density of Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger,the critical temperature T_(c)will decrease.Thus,the van derWaals-like phase transition will occur at lower temperature.There is always a non-quilibrium transition from a small unstable black hole to a large stable black hole state in the isocoltage T-S process.There exist a maximum and a Hawking-Page phase transition points in theμ-C plane.As the value of b related to Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger,the Hawking-Page phase transition will occur at lower temperature in the isovoltageμ-T process.For other values of the state parameterω,there also exists van der Waals-like phase transition.
文摘The Current Standard Model of the Universe asserts that the universe is generated from a single Big Bang event followed by inflation. There is no center to this universe, hence, no preferential reference frame to describe the motions of celestial objects. We propose a new, Shell Model of the Universe, which contends that the universe is created from multiple, concentric big bangs. Accordingly, that origin presents itself as a unique, preferential reference frame, which furnishes the simplest description of the motions of galaxies in the cosmos. This is similar in manner to how planetary motion is more straightforwardly described via a sun-centered Solar System rather than an earth-centered one. The appeal of the Shell Model of the Universe lies in its simplistic ability to resolve the paradox of quasars, explain the variability in Hubble’s Constant, and solve the problematic accelerated expansion of the universe.
